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UNETHICAL PRICING PRACTICES TOWARDS CONSUMERS

Yıl 2022, , 363 - 378, 30.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1041628

Öz

It is a desired and expected situation for businesses to reach profitability by increasing their sales with fair sales prices. Otherwise, unethical pricing with unfair and misleading methods harm consumers. In many countries, there are legal sanctions against sellers if such situations are detected. The aim of this study is to draw attention of the readers and increase their awareness about the unethical pricing methods and the legal regulation in Turkey. In this study, secondary sources about shelf and cash price mismatches, excessive pricing, fractional pricing, unit pricing, black market which are frequently encountered within the scope of unethical price practices, were collected by Document Analysis method and subjected to document and discourse analysis. This study indicates that consumers should be careful about price, quality, weight, label and discount while shopping. In this study, it has been revealed once again how important it is for consumers to be conscious of the products they buy. In this respect it is expected that the research will be beneficial to consumers who shop. It was pointed that the consumers should be careful about the prices of the products, not be in a hurry and should make their own inspections when they suspect.

Kaynakça

  • Akyıldız, M., Çetin,E. ve Kılıç, F. (2018). Perakendecilik Sektöründe Dokuz Sonlu Fiyatlandırma: Tüketicilerin Bakış Açısıyla, Anlamlı Bir İndirim mi Yoksa Aldatmaca mı? Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(4): 145-163.
  • Anderson, E. T. ve Simester, D. I. (2008). Research note—does demand fall when customers perceive that prices are unfair? The case of premium pricing for large sizes. Marketing Science, 27(3), 492-500.
  • Atif, M., Malik, I., Mushtaq, I. ve Asghar, S. (2019). Medicines shortages in Pakistan: a qualitative study to explore current situation, reasons and possible solutions to overcome the barriers. BMJ open, 9(9), e027028.
  • Bechwati, N. N., Sisodia, R. S. ve Sheth, J. N. (2009). Developing a model of antecedents to consumers' perceptions and evaluations of price unfairness. Journal of Business Research, 62(8), 761-767.
  • Bolton, L. E., Warlop, L. ve Alba, J. W. (2003). Consumer perceptions of price (un) fairness. Journal of consumer research, 29(4), 474-491.
  • Bozkurt, S. ve Gligor, D. (2019). Customers’ behavioral responses to unfavorable pricing errors: the role of perceived deception, dissatisfaction and price consciousness. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(6), 760-771.
  • Bray, J. P. ve Harris, C. (2006). The effect of 9-ending prices on retail sales: A quantitative UK based field study. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(5-6), 601-617.
  • Busch, G. ve Spiller, A. (2016). Farmer share and fair distribution in food chains from a consumer’s perspective. Journal of Economic Psychology, 55, 149-158.
  • Campbell, M. C. (1999). Perceptions of price unfairness: antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), 187-199.
  • Can, O. ve Arıkan, C. (2021), Aşırı (Fahiş) Fiyat Uygulamaları ve Bununla Hukuki Mücadele Araçları, Legal Hukuk Dergisi, 19 (217), 53-70
  • Canbaz, S. ve Geroğlu G.D. (2015). İşletmelerin Uyguladıkları Küsuratlı Fiyatlandırma Politikasının Tüketiciler Tarafından Algılanmasına Yönelik Bir Araştırma, AKÜ İİBF Dergisi, 17 (1): 71-82.
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  • Cerra, V. (2019). How can a strong currency or drop in oil prices raise inflation and the black-market premium?. Economic Modelling, 76, 1-13.
  • Chen, S. F. S., Monroe, K. B. ve Lou, Y. C. (1998). The effects of framing price promotion messages on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions. Journal of retailing, 74(3), 353-372.
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  • Dhar, S. K. ve Hoch, S. J. (1996). Price discrimination using in-store merchandising. Journal of Marketing, 60(1), 17-30.
  • Elegido, J. M. (2011). The ethics of price discrimination. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(4), 633-660.
  • Elliott, R.(1996), Discourse analysis: exploring action, function and conflict in social texts. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14 (6), 65–68.
  • Elmaghraby, W. ve Keskinocak, P. (2003). Dynamic pricing in the presence of inventory considerations: Research overview, current practices, and future directions. Management Science, 49(10), 1287-1309.
  • Evans, D. S. ve Padilla, A. J. (2005). Excessive prices: Using economics to define administrable legal rules. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 1(1), 97-122.
  • Eyster, E., Madarász, K. ve Michaillat, P. (2021). Pricing under fairness concerns. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(3), 1853-1898.
  • Ezrachi, A. ve Gilo, D. (2009). Are excessive prices really self-correcting?. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 5(2), 249-268.
  • Ferguson, J. L., Ellen, P. S. ve Piscopo, G. H. (2011). Suspicion and perceptions of price fairness in times of crisis. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(2), 331-349.
  • Ferrell, O. C. ve Ferrell, L. (2021). New directions for marketing ethics and social responsibility research. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 29(1), 13-22.
  • Gani, W. (2021). Excessive prices: a new analytical approach. European Competition Journal, 17(1), 23-46.
  • Garaus, M., Wolfsteiner, E. ve Wagner, U. (2016). Shoppers' acceptance and perceptions of electronic shelf labels. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3687-3692.
  • Gökdemir, B. (2020). Aşırı/Sömürücü/Fahiş Fiyat Uygulamalarının Rekabet Hukuku Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi, https://tr.linkedin.com/pulse/aşırısömürücüfahiş-fiyat-uygulamalarının rekabet-gökdemir-ms-llm-phd. Erişim: 21.12.2021
  • Herrmann, A., Xia, L., Monroe, K. B. ve Huber, F. (2007). The influence of price fairness on customer satisfaction: an empirical test in the context of automobile purchases. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16 (1), 49-58.
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  • Indounas, K. (2008). The relationship between pricing and ethics in two industrial service industries. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 23(3), 161-169.
  • Johnston, W. J. ve Cortez, R. M. (2018). Unit pricing and its implications for B2B marketing research. Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 32-39.
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TÜKETİCİLERE YÖNELİK ETİK DIŞI FİYATLAMA UYGULAMALARI

Yıl 2022, , 363 - 378, 30.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1041628

Öz

İşletmelerin adil satış fiyatlarıyla satışlarını artırarak karlılığa ulaşması istenen ve beklenen bir durumdur. Aksi durumda haksız ve yanıltıcı birtakım yöntemlerle etik dışı fiyat uygulamaları tüketicilere zarar vermektedir. Birçok ülkede bu tür durumların tespit edilmesi halinde satıcılara yönelik hukuki yaptırımlar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilere uygulanan etik dışı fiyat uygulama yöntemleri ve bu konuda Türkiye’de mevcut olan hukuki düzenlemeler hakkında okuyucuların dikkatini çekmek ve farkındalık düzeylerini arttırmaktır. Bu çalışmada etik dışı fiyat uygulamaları kapsamında sıklıkla karşılaşılan raf ve kasa fiyatı uyumsuzluğu, yalancı indirimler, aşırı fiyatlamalar, küsuratlı fiyatlamalar, fiyat farklılaştırması, birim fiyatlandırma, gramaj hileleri, karaborsacılık hakkında ikincil kaynaklar Belge Tarama yöntemi ile toplanarak doküman ve söylem analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu çalışma tüketicilerin alışveriş esnasında fiyat, kalite, gramaj, etiket, indirim vb. hususlarda dikkatli olmaları gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Tüketicilerin iddia edilenlerin ne kadar doğru ve güvenilir olduğuna ikna olmaları gerektiği ilgili literatürden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tüketicilerin satın aldıkları ürünler konusundaki bilinçlerinin yüksek olmasının ne kadar önemli olduğu bir kez daha ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yönüyle araştırmanın alışveriş yapan tüketicilere yararlı olacağı beklenmektedir. Tüketicilerin ürünlerin fiyatları konusunda dikkatli davranmaları, aceleci olmamaları şüphelendikleri durumlarda kendi denetimlerini kendilerinin yapması gerektiğine işaret edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akyıldız, M., Çetin,E. ve Kılıç, F. (2018). Perakendecilik Sektöründe Dokuz Sonlu Fiyatlandırma: Tüketicilerin Bakış Açısıyla, Anlamlı Bir İndirim mi Yoksa Aldatmaca mı? Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(4): 145-163.
  • Anderson, E. T. ve Simester, D. I. (2008). Research note—does demand fall when customers perceive that prices are unfair? The case of premium pricing for large sizes. Marketing Science, 27(3), 492-500.
  • Atif, M., Malik, I., Mushtaq, I. ve Asghar, S. (2019). Medicines shortages in Pakistan: a qualitative study to explore current situation, reasons and possible solutions to overcome the barriers. BMJ open, 9(9), e027028.
  • Bechwati, N. N., Sisodia, R. S. ve Sheth, J. N. (2009). Developing a model of antecedents to consumers' perceptions and evaluations of price unfairness. Journal of Business Research, 62(8), 761-767.
  • Bolton, L. E., Warlop, L. ve Alba, J. W. (2003). Consumer perceptions of price (un) fairness. Journal of consumer research, 29(4), 474-491.
  • Bozkurt, S. ve Gligor, D. (2019). Customers’ behavioral responses to unfavorable pricing errors: the role of perceived deception, dissatisfaction and price consciousness. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(6), 760-771.
  • Bray, J. P. ve Harris, C. (2006). The effect of 9-ending prices on retail sales: A quantitative UK based field study. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(5-6), 601-617.
  • Busch, G. ve Spiller, A. (2016). Farmer share and fair distribution in food chains from a consumer’s perspective. Journal of Economic Psychology, 55, 149-158.
  • Campbell, M. C. (1999). Perceptions of price unfairness: antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), 187-199.
  • Can, O. ve Arıkan, C. (2021), Aşırı (Fahiş) Fiyat Uygulamaları ve Bununla Hukuki Mücadele Araçları, Legal Hukuk Dergisi, 19 (217), 53-70
  • Canbaz, S. ve Geroğlu G.D. (2015). İşletmelerin Uyguladıkları Küsuratlı Fiyatlandırma Politikasının Tüketiciler Tarafından Algılanmasına Yönelik Bir Araştırma, AKÜ İİBF Dergisi, 17 (1): 71-82.
  • Cătoiu, I., Vrânceanu, D. M. ve Filip, A. (2010). Setting fair prices–fundamental principle of sustainable marketing. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 12(27), 115-128.
  • Cerra, V. (2019). How can a strong currency or drop in oil prices raise inflation and the black-market premium?. Economic Modelling, 76, 1-13.
  • Chen, S. F. S., Monroe, K. B. ve Lou, Y. C. (1998). The effects of framing price promotion messages on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions. Journal of retailing, 74(3), 353-372.
  • Chiappini, S., Guirguis, A., John, A., Corkery, J. M. ve Schifano, F. (2020). COVID-19: the hidden impact on mental health and drug addiction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 767.
  • Dhar, S. K. ve Hoch, S. J. (1996). Price discrimination using in-store merchandising. Journal of Marketing, 60(1), 17-30.
  • Elegido, J. M. (2011). The ethics of price discrimination. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(4), 633-660.
  • Elliott, R.(1996), Discourse analysis: exploring action, function and conflict in social texts. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14 (6), 65–68.
  • Elmaghraby, W. ve Keskinocak, P. (2003). Dynamic pricing in the presence of inventory considerations: Research overview, current practices, and future directions. Management Science, 49(10), 1287-1309.
  • Evans, D. S. ve Padilla, A. J. (2005). Excessive prices: Using economics to define administrable legal rules. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 1(1), 97-122.
  • Eyster, E., Madarász, K. ve Michaillat, P. (2021). Pricing under fairness concerns. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(3), 1853-1898.
  • Ezrachi, A. ve Gilo, D. (2009). Are excessive prices really self-correcting?. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 5(2), 249-268.
  • Ferguson, J. L., Ellen, P. S. ve Piscopo, G. H. (2011). Suspicion and perceptions of price fairness in times of crisis. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(2), 331-349.
  • Ferrell, O. C. ve Ferrell, L. (2021). New directions for marketing ethics and social responsibility research. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 29(1), 13-22.
  • Gani, W. (2021). Excessive prices: a new analytical approach. European Competition Journal, 17(1), 23-46.
  • Garaus, M., Wolfsteiner, E. ve Wagner, U. (2016). Shoppers' acceptance and perceptions of electronic shelf labels. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3687-3692.
  • Gökdemir, B. (2020). Aşırı/Sömürücü/Fahiş Fiyat Uygulamalarının Rekabet Hukuku Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi, https://tr.linkedin.com/pulse/aşırısömürücüfahiş-fiyat-uygulamalarının rekabet-gökdemir-ms-llm-phd. Erişim: 21.12.2021
  • Herrmann, A., Xia, L., Monroe, K. B. ve Huber, F. (2007). The influence of price fairness on customer satisfaction: an empirical test in the context of automobile purchases. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16 (1), 49-58.
  • HFDK (2020). Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulu Yönetmeliği, Ticaret Bakanlığından, 28 Mayıs 2020 Tarih ve 31138 Sayılı Resmî Gazete
  • Hillen, J. (2021). Psychological pricing in online food retail. British Food Journal, DOİ: 10.1108/BFJ-09-2020-0847
  • Imai, S. ve Watanabe, T. (2014). Product Downsizing and Hidden Price Increases: Evidence from J apan’s Deflationary Period. Asian Economic Policy Review, 9(1), 69-89.
  • Indounas, K. (2008). The relationship between pricing and ethics in two industrial service industries. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 23(3), 161-169.
  • Johnston, W. J. ve Cortez, R. M. (2018). Unit pricing and its implications for B2B marketing research. Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 32-39.
  • Kaufmann, H. R., Panni, M. F. A. K. ve Orphanidou, Y. (2012). Factors affecting consumers' green purchasing behavior: An integrated conceptual framework. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 14(31), 50-69.
  • Kesici, B. ve Sorkan, F.(2020). COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Gerçekleşen Fiyat Artışlarına Rekabet ve Haksız Rekabet Hukuku Enstrümanları ile Ne Şekilde Müdahale Edilebilir? https://blog.lexpera.com.tr/covid-19-salgini-doneminde-gerceklesen-fiyat-artislarina-rekabet-ve-haksiz-rekabet-hukuku-enstrumanlari-ile-ne-sekilde-mudahale-edilebilir/ erişim: 21.12.2021.
  • Kotler, P. ve Keller K.L. (2009), Marketing Management, 13.th edi. Pearson International edi. Pearson Prentice Hall, Pearson education Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  • Lalwani, A. K. ve Shavitt, S. (2013). You get what you pay for? Self-construal influences price-quality judgments. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(2), 255-267.
  • Levy, D., Dutta, S., Bergen, M. ve Venable, R. (1998). Price adjustment at multiproduct retailers. Managerial and Decision Economics, 19(2), 81-120.
  • Lindsey-Mullikin, J. ve Petty, R. D. (2011). Marketing tactics discouraging price search: deception and competition. Journal of Business Research, 64(1), 67-73.
  • Macé, S. (2012). The impact and determinants of nine-ending pricing in grocery retailing. Journal of Retailing, 88(1), 115-130.
  • Mandal, P. C. (2021). Pricing and Ethical Issues for Global Markets: Strategies and Initiatives. International Journal of Business Strategy and Automation (IJBSA), 2(2), 1-15.
  • Manning, K. C. ve Sprott, D. E. (2009). Price endings, left-digit effects, and choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(2), 328-335.
  • Matsa, D. A. (2011). Running on empty? Financial leverage and product quality in the supermarket industry. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 3(1), 137-73.
  • Michaely, M. (1954). A Geometrical Analysis of Black-Market Behavior. The American Economic Review, 44(4), 627-637. Erişim tarihi: 26.11.2021, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1814113?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contents,
  • Mitchell, V. W., Lennard, D. ve McGoldrick, P. (2003). Consumer awareness, understanding and usage of unit pricing. British Journal of Management, 14(2), 173-187.
  • Monroe, K. B. ve LaPlaca, P. J. (1972). What are the benefits of unit pricing?. Journal of Marketing, 36(3),16-22. erişim tarihi: 26.11.2021, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272551940_What_Are_the_Benefits_of_Unit_Pricing,
  • Munjal, V. ve Malik, A. (2014). Marketing ethics: conceptual study. IRJMSH, 5(5), 448-453.
  • Ofosu-Boateng, I. (2020). Influence of consumer sales promotion on consumers’ purchasing behaviour of the retailing of consumer goods in Tema, Ghana. Journal of Marketing Management, 8(1), 24-36
  • Omer, S., Ali, S., Shukar, S., Gillani, A. H., Fang, Y. ve Yang, C. (2021). A Qualitative Study Exploring the Management of Medicine Shortages in the Community Pharmacy of Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10665.
  • Pinto-Garay, J., Ferrero, I. ve Scalzo, G. (2021). Pricing for a Common Good: Beyond Ethical Minimalism in Commercial Practices. Philosophy of Management, 1-21.
  • Raghubir, P., Inman, J. J. ve Grande, H. (2004). The three faces of consumer promotions. California Management Review, 46(4), 23-42.
  • Rotemberg, J. J. (2005). Customer anger at price increases, changes in the frequency of price adjustment and monetary policy. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(4), 829-852.
  • Roth, S., Himbert, L., & Zielke, S. (2017). Does unit pricing influence store price image dimensions and shopping intentions for retail stores?. European Journal of Marketing, 51 (7/8), 1396-1413.
  • Saini, G., Sahay, A. ve Kalyanaram, G. (2018). An empirical study of latitude of quantity acceptance (LQA) in an emerging economy: India. Journal of Global Marketing, 31(2), 111-127.
  • Saltzman, W. (2016), “Scanner scandal: prices changing from shelf to register” Erişim: 12.04.2021, http://6abc.com/finance/ scanner-scandal-prices-changing-from-shelf-to-register/ 1331005/
  • Shafiee, Y. A. ve Lo, C. W. (2020). Consumer laws that affect marketers in pricing strategies. International Journal of Social Science Research, 2(3), 45-51.
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  • Söyler, Y. (2021). Fahiş Fiyat Artışlarına Karşı İdari Yaptırım Uygulanmasında Yetki Çatışması, İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 79 (1), 211-249 DOI: 10.26650/mecmua.2021.79.1.0006
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  • Yao, J. ve Oppewal, H. (2016). Unit pricing increases price sensitivity even when products are of identical size. Journal of Retailing, 92(1), 109-121.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2008), Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Geliştirilmiş 6. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Yüksel, A. ve Yüksel, F. (2004). Turizmde Bilimsel Araştırma Yön¬temleri. Ankara: Turhan Kitapevi.
  • Žmuk, B. ve Jošić, H. (2020). Does High Population Density Catalyze the Spread of COVID-19?. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 23, 13-27.
  • Zwolinski, M. (2008). The ethics of price gouging. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(3), 347-378.
  • 6502 Sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun, 7.11.2013 tarih ve 28835 sayılı Resmi gazete, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6502.pdf
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Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Selim Selvi

Neslihan Cavlak 0000-0002-6712-971X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Selvi, M. S., & Cavlak, N. (2022). TÜKETİCİLERE YÖNELİK ETİK DIŞI FİYATLAMA UYGULAMALARI. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 23(2), 363-378. https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1041628