Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

KREDİ KULLANDIRMA ETKİNLİĞİ VE SERMAYE YETERLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ ETKİLEŞİM ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK TESPİTLER: 2013-2019 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2023, , 21 - 47, 22.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1142989

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, kredi kullandırma etkinliği ile sermaye yeterliliği arasındaki nedensel ilişkilerin panel eşbütünleşme testleri ve regresyon modelleri yardımıyla araştırılmasıdır. Aktif büyüklüğü ve riskten korunma amaçlı işlem hacmi gibi finansal değişkenlerin yanı sıra devlet / özel ve yabancı / yerli sermayeli banka olma durumlarını temsil eden iki kategorik değişkenin, öngörülen eşbütünleşme ilişkisi üzerindeki etkileri ayrıca incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bankanın sektördeki faaliyet süresinin etkinlik-sermaye yeterlilik ilişkisini etkileyip etkilemediği sorgulanmıştır. Bu amaçla. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 13 mevduat bankasının 2013-2019 dönemine ait üç aylık verileri üzerinde panel eşbütünleşme testleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve panel eşbütünleşme regresyon modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Eşbütünleşme testi sonuçları, Veri Zarflama Analizi kullanılarak üretilen kredi kullandırma etkinlik skorlarından sermaye yeterlilik oranlarına doğru anlamlı bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisine işaret etmiştir. Panel eşbütünleşme regresyon modelinde etkinlik skoru için hesaplanan katsayı tahmini, etkinlik skorlarının sermaye yeterlilik oranlarını olumlu (pozitif) yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Buna karşın, toplam varlık değeri ve sektörde faaliyet süresi değişkenlerinin öngörülen eşbütünleşme ilişkisi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadıkları anlaşılmıştır. Riskten korunma işlem hacminin sermaye yeterlilik performansı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olabileceği kanaati oluşurken, devlet bankaları ile özel bankalar arasında bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Fakat, yerli bankaların yabancı sermayeli bankalara kıyasla daha avantajlı oldukları görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, E. E., Dirik, C., & Göker, İ. E. (2022). Opening the Black-Box of Bank Efficiency in Turkey with Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis: A Study on Capital Adequacy Ratio. Ege Akademik Bakış, 22(1), 75-91.
  • Altıntaş, M. (2006). Bankaclıkta Risk Yönetimi ve Sermaye Yeterliliği: 5411 Sayılı Bankacılık Kanunu, Basel I ve Basel II Düzenlemeleri Çerçevesinde (1 b.). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Andrea, R., & Andrea , S. (2004). The Risk Weights in the Basel Capital Accord: Lessons from Bonds Spreads Based on a Simple Structural Model. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 16(1), 64-90.
  • Angelidis, D., & Lyroudi, K. (2006). Efficiency in the Italian Banking Industry: Data Envelopment Analysis and Neural Networks. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics(5), 155-165.
  • Bessis, J. (2002). Risk Management in Banking. West Sussex: John Wiley&Sons.
  • BIS. (1999). A New Capital Adequacy Framework: Consultative Paper Issued by The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 11 7, 2015 tarihinde Bank for International Settlements: http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs50.pdf adresinden alındı
  • BIS. (2003). The New Basel Capital Accord - Third Consultative Paper. http://www.bis.org/bcbs/cp3full.pdf, adresinden alındı
  • BIS. (2010). Group of Governers and Heads of Supervision Announces Higher Global Minimum Capital Standards. Bank for International Settlements: https://www.bis.org/press/p100912.htm adresinden alındı
  • Bodie, Z., Kane, A., Marcus, A., Switzer, L., Boyko, D., Panasian, C., & Stapleton, M. (2019). Investments (9th b.). Canada: MacGrawHill.
  • Breitung, J., & Das, S. (2005). Panel Unit Root Tests and Cointegration under Cross-Sectional Dependence. Statistica Neerlandica(59), 414-433.
  • Candan, H., & Özün, A. (2006). Bankalarda Risk Yönetimi ve Basel II (2 b.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Chortareas, G., Girardone, C., & Ventouri, A. (2011). Financial Frictions, Bank Efficiency and Risk: Evidence from the Eurozone. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 38(1), 259-287.
  • Çolak, Ö. (2007). Finansal Piyasalar ve Para Politikası (5 b.). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dao, B. T., & Nguyen, K. A. (2020). Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio and Bank Performance in Vietnam: A Simultaneous Equations Framework. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 39-46.
  • Erdönmez, P. (2002). Ekonomik Kriz Sonrası Kurumsal Yeniden Yapılandırma Süreci. Bankacılık Dergisi(43), 67-81.
  • Godlewski, C. (2005). Bank Capital and Credit Risk Taking in Emerging Market Economies. Journal of Banking Regulation, 6(2), 128-145.
  • Greunning, H., & Bratanovic, S. (2002). Analyzing and Managing Banking Risks: Frmaework for Assessing Corporate Governance and Financial Risk (2 b.). Washington DC: The World Bank Press.
  • Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panel Data. Econometrics Journal, 3, 148-161.
  • Hafez, H. M. (2018). Examining the Relationship between Efficiency and Capital Adequacy Ratio: Islamic versus Conventional Banks - An Empirical Evidence on Egyptian Banks. Accounting and Finance Research, 7(2), 232-247.
  • Havrylchyk, O. (2006). Efficiency of Polish Banking Industry: Foreign versus Domestic. Journal of Banking and Finance, 30, 1975-1996.
  • Hull, J. (2018). Risk Management and Financial Institutions (5 b.). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • İnan, E. (2002). Kur Rejimi Tercihi ve Türkiye. Bankacılık Dergisi(40), 36-49.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics(90), 1-44.
  • Keeley, M. (1990). Deposit Insurance, Risk and Market Power in Banking. American Economi Review, 80, 1183-1200.
  • Kiff, J., & Morrow, R. (2000, Ağustos). Introduction to Credit Derivatives. Bank of Canada Review, 1-11.
  • Kocisova, K. (2015). Loan Efficiency in the Visegrad Countries. Acta Oeconomica, 65(Special Issue), 161-181.
  • Kumar, M., Arora, A., & Lahille, J.-P. (2011). Construct of Credit Risk Management Index for Commercial Banks. Bank and Bank Systems(1), 16-25.
  • Leblebici, D. T. (2006). Bankalarda Operasyonel Risk Yönetimi: Örnek Banka Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C., & Chu, C. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics(108), 1-24.
  • Liu, J., & Tone, K. (2008). A Mutistage Method To Measure Efficiency an Its Application to Japanese Banking Industry. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 42(2), 75-98.
  • Margono, H., Wardani, M. K., & Safitri, J. (2020). Roles of Capital Adequacy and Liquidity to Improve Banking Performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 75-81.
  • Matten, C. (2000). Managing Bank Capital: Capital Allocation and Performance Measurement. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Muzır, E., & Şeker, A. (2015). Dış Ticaret Performansına DayalıÜlke Riski Öngörüleri İle Aktif-Pasif Yönetiminde Para Birimi Tercihlerinin Bankaların Likidite PerformansıÜzerindeki Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Analiz. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 293-325.
  • Odekina, I., Gabriel, A., & Solomon, T. (2019). Effect of Capital Adequacy, Credit Risk and Operating Efficiency on the performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria. Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, 3(1), 106-114.
  • Parasız , İ. (2007). Modern Bankacılık: Teori ve Uygulama (2 b.). Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Pastor , J. (2002). Credit Risk and Efficiency in the European Banking System: A Thre-stage Analysis. Applied Financial Economics, 12, 895-911.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics(61), 653 - 670.
  • Phillips, P. C. (1995, Eylül). Fully Modified Least Squares and Vector Autoregression. Econometrica, 63(5), 1023-1078.
  • Rich , J., & Tange, C. (2003). Credit Risk Measuremnt - A Portfolio View. ERisk ConsutingGroup: http://www.erisk.com/Learning/.../ERisk_Credit_Risk_Measuremn.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Risyanto, H., & Soraya, R. (2021). Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio Through Size, Liquidity, Credit Risk and Operational Efficiency in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(3), 1261-1269.
  • Rochet, M. F. (2004, Eylül). Rebalancing the Three Pillars of Basel II. FRNBY Economic Policy Review, 10(2), 7-21.
  • Sanjeev, G. (2006). “Data Envelopmet Analysis (DEA) for Measuring Technical Efficiency of Banks. The Journal of Business Perspective, 10(1), 1-27.
  • Sathye, M. (2003). Efficiency of Banks in a Developing Economy: The Case of India. European Journal of Operational Research, 148, 662.671.
  • Sayılgan, Ş. (2003). Bankacılık Sisteminin Güncel Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri. Finans, Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 40(473), 48-58.
  • Shahooth, K., & Battal, A. (2006). Using Data Envelopment Analysis To Measure Cost Efficiency With an Application on Islamic Banks. Scientific Journal of Administrative Development, 4, 134-156.
  • Stanton, K. (2002). Trends in Relationships Lending and Factors Affecting Relationship Lending Efficiency. Journal of Banking and Finance, 26, 127-152.
  • Tunay, K. B. (2005). Finansal Sistem: Yapısı, İşleyişi, Yönetimi ve Ekonomisi. İstanbul: Birsen Yayınevi.
  • Wang, J. C. (2006). Corporate Performance Efficiency Investigated by Data Envelopment and Balanced Scorecard. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 9(2), 314.

EMPIRICAL FINDINGS ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LENDING EFFICIENCY AND CAPITAL ADEQUACY: A CASE OF TURKEY FOR THE 2013-2019 PERIOD

Yıl 2023, , 21 - 47, 22.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1142989

Öz

This paper primarily aims to explore the causal relationship between lending efficiency and capital adequacy through panel cointegration analysis and regression. The effects on that relationship of both such specific financial variables as total asset value and the volume of hedging transactions and two additional categorical variables separating the banks as state-owned versus privately owned and as foreign versus domestic are also investigated. It is further debated whether the duration of operating in the sector significantly influences the assumed efficiency-capital adequacy relationship. For this purpose, panel cointegration tests have been conducted on and some cointegration models have been constructed for the quarterly data of 13 deposit banks in Turkey for the 2013-2019 period. The panel cointegration test results suggest a significant cointegration only from banks’ lending efficiency scores calculated via Data Envelopment Analysis to their capital adequacy ratios. The panel cointegration regression models provide some evidence that capital adeqaucy is positively affected by lending efficiency. Furthermore, there exists no connection between total asset value (size) and relative capital adequacy performance. However, it is evident that more engagement in hedging transactions improves the bank’s capital adequacy performance. The state-owned and privately owned banks are not superior to one another in terms of efficient-based capital adequacy performance while the domestic banks outperform the foreign banks. Finally, no significant association is conluded between the duration of operation and relative capital adequacy performance.

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, E. E., Dirik, C., & Göker, İ. E. (2022). Opening the Black-Box of Bank Efficiency in Turkey with Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis: A Study on Capital Adequacy Ratio. Ege Akademik Bakış, 22(1), 75-91.
  • Altıntaş, M. (2006). Bankaclıkta Risk Yönetimi ve Sermaye Yeterliliği: 5411 Sayılı Bankacılık Kanunu, Basel I ve Basel II Düzenlemeleri Çerçevesinde (1 b.). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Andrea, R., & Andrea , S. (2004). The Risk Weights in the Basel Capital Accord: Lessons from Bonds Spreads Based on a Simple Structural Model. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 16(1), 64-90.
  • Angelidis, D., & Lyroudi, K. (2006). Efficiency in the Italian Banking Industry: Data Envelopment Analysis and Neural Networks. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics(5), 155-165.
  • Bessis, J. (2002). Risk Management in Banking. West Sussex: John Wiley&Sons.
  • BIS. (1999). A New Capital Adequacy Framework: Consultative Paper Issued by The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 11 7, 2015 tarihinde Bank for International Settlements: http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs50.pdf adresinden alındı
  • BIS. (2003). The New Basel Capital Accord - Third Consultative Paper. http://www.bis.org/bcbs/cp3full.pdf, adresinden alındı
  • BIS. (2010). Group of Governers and Heads of Supervision Announces Higher Global Minimum Capital Standards. Bank for International Settlements: https://www.bis.org/press/p100912.htm adresinden alındı
  • Bodie, Z., Kane, A., Marcus, A., Switzer, L., Boyko, D., Panasian, C., & Stapleton, M. (2019). Investments (9th b.). Canada: MacGrawHill.
  • Breitung, J., & Das, S. (2005). Panel Unit Root Tests and Cointegration under Cross-Sectional Dependence. Statistica Neerlandica(59), 414-433.
  • Candan, H., & Özün, A. (2006). Bankalarda Risk Yönetimi ve Basel II (2 b.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Chortareas, G., Girardone, C., & Ventouri, A. (2011). Financial Frictions, Bank Efficiency and Risk: Evidence from the Eurozone. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 38(1), 259-287.
  • Çolak, Ö. (2007). Finansal Piyasalar ve Para Politikası (5 b.). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dao, B. T., & Nguyen, K. A. (2020). Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio and Bank Performance in Vietnam: A Simultaneous Equations Framework. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 39-46.
  • Erdönmez, P. (2002). Ekonomik Kriz Sonrası Kurumsal Yeniden Yapılandırma Süreci. Bankacılık Dergisi(43), 67-81.
  • Godlewski, C. (2005). Bank Capital and Credit Risk Taking in Emerging Market Economies. Journal of Banking Regulation, 6(2), 128-145.
  • Greunning, H., & Bratanovic, S. (2002). Analyzing and Managing Banking Risks: Frmaework for Assessing Corporate Governance and Financial Risk (2 b.). Washington DC: The World Bank Press.
  • Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panel Data. Econometrics Journal, 3, 148-161.
  • Hafez, H. M. (2018). Examining the Relationship between Efficiency and Capital Adequacy Ratio: Islamic versus Conventional Banks - An Empirical Evidence on Egyptian Banks. Accounting and Finance Research, 7(2), 232-247.
  • Havrylchyk, O. (2006). Efficiency of Polish Banking Industry: Foreign versus Domestic. Journal of Banking and Finance, 30, 1975-1996.
  • Hull, J. (2018). Risk Management and Financial Institutions (5 b.). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • İnan, E. (2002). Kur Rejimi Tercihi ve Türkiye. Bankacılık Dergisi(40), 36-49.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics(90), 1-44.
  • Keeley, M. (1990). Deposit Insurance, Risk and Market Power in Banking. American Economi Review, 80, 1183-1200.
  • Kiff, J., & Morrow, R. (2000, Ağustos). Introduction to Credit Derivatives. Bank of Canada Review, 1-11.
  • Kocisova, K. (2015). Loan Efficiency in the Visegrad Countries. Acta Oeconomica, 65(Special Issue), 161-181.
  • Kumar, M., Arora, A., & Lahille, J.-P. (2011). Construct of Credit Risk Management Index for Commercial Banks. Bank and Bank Systems(1), 16-25.
  • Leblebici, D. T. (2006). Bankalarda Operasyonel Risk Yönetimi: Örnek Banka Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C., & Chu, C. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics(108), 1-24.
  • Liu, J., & Tone, K. (2008). A Mutistage Method To Measure Efficiency an Its Application to Japanese Banking Industry. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 42(2), 75-98.
  • Margono, H., Wardani, M. K., & Safitri, J. (2020). Roles of Capital Adequacy and Liquidity to Improve Banking Performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 75-81.
  • Matten, C. (2000). Managing Bank Capital: Capital Allocation and Performance Measurement. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Muzır, E., & Şeker, A. (2015). Dış Ticaret Performansına DayalıÜlke Riski Öngörüleri İle Aktif-Pasif Yönetiminde Para Birimi Tercihlerinin Bankaların Likidite PerformansıÜzerindeki Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Analiz. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 293-325.
  • Odekina, I., Gabriel, A., & Solomon, T. (2019). Effect of Capital Adequacy, Credit Risk and Operating Efficiency on the performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria. Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, 3(1), 106-114.
  • Parasız , İ. (2007). Modern Bankacılık: Teori ve Uygulama (2 b.). Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Pastor , J. (2002). Credit Risk and Efficiency in the European Banking System: A Thre-stage Analysis. Applied Financial Economics, 12, 895-911.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics(61), 653 - 670.
  • Phillips, P. C. (1995, Eylül). Fully Modified Least Squares and Vector Autoregression. Econometrica, 63(5), 1023-1078.
  • Rich , J., & Tange, C. (2003). Credit Risk Measuremnt - A Portfolio View. ERisk ConsutingGroup: http://www.erisk.com/Learning/.../ERisk_Credit_Risk_Measuremn.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Risyanto, H., & Soraya, R. (2021). Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio Through Size, Liquidity, Credit Risk and Operational Efficiency in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(3), 1261-1269.
  • Rochet, M. F. (2004, Eylül). Rebalancing the Three Pillars of Basel II. FRNBY Economic Policy Review, 10(2), 7-21.
  • Sanjeev, G. (2006). “Data Envelopmet Analysis (DEA) for Measuring Technical Efficiency of Banks. The Journal of Business Perspective, 10(1), 1-27.
  • Sathye, M. (2003). Efficiency of Banks in a Developing Economy: The Case of India. European Journal of Operational Research, 148, 662.671.
  • Sayılgan, Ş. (2003). Bankacılık Sisteminin Güncel Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri. Finans, Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 40(473), 48-58.
  • Shahooth, K., & Battal, A. (2006). Using Data Envelopment Analysis To Measure Cost Efficiency With an Application on Islamic Banks. Scientific Journal of Administrative Development, 4, 134-156.
  • Stanton, K. (2002). Trends in Relationships Lending and Factors Affecting Relationship Lending Efficiency. Journal of Banking and Finance, 26, 127-152.
  • Tunay, K. B. (2005). Finansal Sistem: Yapısı, İşleyişi, Yönetimi ve Ekonomisi. İstanbul: Birsen Yayınevi.
  • Wang, J. C. (2006). Corporate Performance Efficiency Investigated by Data Envelopment and Balanced Scorecard. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 9(2), 314.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cevdet Kızıl 0000-0003-0196-2386

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızıl, C. (2023). KREDİ KULLANDIRMA ETKİNLİĞİ VE SERMAYE YETERLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ ETKİLEŞİM ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK TESPİTLER: 2013-2019 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 24(1), 21-47. https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1142989