RUSYA’NIN NORMATİF GÜÇ AVRUPA YAKLAŞIMI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20, 297 - 310, 30.11.2020

Yusuf Avar

Öz

Bu çalışma normatif güç Avrupa konseptini Rusya’nın tutumunu ele alarak değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmanın temel argümanı; Avrupa’nın normatif gücünü Rusya’ya karşı daha yumuşak şekilde kullandığıdır. Rusya gücünü ve öz güvenini artırır artırmaz uluslararası ilişkilerde normali belirlemek için kendi araçlarını kullanmaktadır. Bu yüzden, Avrupa Birliği normatif gücünü Rusya’nın komşularına karşı kullanırken özelliklede eski Sovyetler Birliği üyelerine, AB ve Rusya arasında dayanışmadan ziyade rekabet çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmanın ilk bölümü normatif güç Avrupa konseptini açıklamaktadır. Daha sonra, ikinci bölümde AB ve Rusya arasındaki ilişkiler ve Rusya’nın normatif güç Avrupa karşısındaki tutumu detaylıca sunulmuştur. Son olarak, çalışma normatif güç Avrupa’nın, AB ve Rusya arasında dayanışmadan ziyade düşmanlık çıkarttığı sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Normatif Güç Avrupa, Rusya, Değerler, Rekabet

Kaynakça

• Article 1, Constitution of the Russian Federation, https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-libraryfiles/Russian%20Federation_Constitution_1993_EN.pdf (20.01.2020). Article 11, Consolidatedversion of the Treaty on European Union, https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012M%2FTXT (15.01.2020). Article 177, Treaty establishing the European Community (Nice consolidated version) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12002E%2FTXT (15.01.2020). Article 6, Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012M%2FTXT (15.01.2020). Averre, D. (2008). Russian foreign policy and the global political environment. Problems of Post-Communism, 55(5), 28-39. Averre, D. (2009). Competing rationalities: Russia, the EU and the ‘shared neighbourhood’. Europe-Asia Studies, 61(10), 1689-1713. Bretherton, C., veVogler, J. (2013). A global actor past it speak?. International Relations, 27(3), 375-390. Casier, T. (2011). The Bilateral Relations of the Benelux Countries with Russia: Between Rhetorical EU Engagement and Competitive Business Interests. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 19(2), 237-248. Casier, T. (2013). The EU–Russia strategic partnership: Challenging the normative argument. Europe-Asia Studies, 65(7), 1377-1395. Cebeci, M. (2012). Europeanforeignpolicyresearchreconsidered: constructing an ‘IdealPowerEurope’throughtheory?. Millennium, 40(3), 563-583. Constitution of the Russian Federation, https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Russian%20Federation_Constitution_1993_EN.pdf (20.01.2020). Delcour, L. (2010). The European Union, a security provider in the eastern neighbourhood?. European security, 19(4), 535-549. Diez, T. (2005). Constructingthe Self and Changing Others: Reconsidering Normative Poker Europe'. Millennium, 33(3), 613-636. Diez, T. (2013). Normative power as hegemony. Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 194-210. Diez, T., ve; Manners, I. (2007). 10 Reflecting on normative-power Europe. Power in World politics, 173. European Commission (2006) Chapter of acquis / negotiating chapters ) [online] Availableat:https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhoodenlargement/policy/glossary/terms/chapters_en?fbclid=I wAR2Fn6SVjap- JLN1i60GE-ToeMjGHIdlOozCy9i9iAMBB3gpCyB5n5QfL9M [accessed: 25 October 2018] Haukkala, H. (2008). The European Union as a regional normative hegemon: the case of European Neighbourhood Policy. Europe-Asia Studies, 60(9), 1601-1622. Howorth, J. (2010). The EU as a global actor: grandstrategyfor a global grandbargain?.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(3), 455-474. Hyde-Price, A. (2004, October). The EU, powerandcoercion: From ‘civilian’to‘civilising’power. In CIDEL Workshop, Oslo (pp. 22-23). Kavalski, E. (2013). The struggle for recognition of normative powers: Normative power Europe and normative power China in context. Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 247-267. Keene, E. (2013). Thenaming of powers. Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 268-282. Makarychev, A. S. (2008). RebrandingRussia: norms, politics and power. Who Is a Normative Foreign Policy Actor?, 156. Manners, I. (2002). Normative power Europe: a contradiction in terms?. JCMS: Journal of common market studies, 40(2), 235-258. Manners, I. (2006). Normative power Europe reconsidered: beyond the crossroads. Journal of European public policy, 13(2), 182-199. Manners, I. (2008). The normative ethics of the European Union. International affairs, 45-60. Manners, I. (2013). Assessing the decennial, reassessing the global: Understanding European Union normative power in global politics. Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 304-329. Manners, I., ve; Whitman, R. (2003). The" difference engine':constructing and representing the international identity of the European Union. Journal of European public policy, 10(3), 380-404. Michalski, A., ve; Nilsson, N. (2018). Resistant to Change? The EU as a Normative Poker and Its Troubled Relations with Russia and China. Foreign Policy Analysis, 15(3), 432-449. Niemann, A., ve; Bretherton, C. (2013). EU external policy at the crossroads: The challenge of actorness and effectiveness. International relations, 27(3), 261-275. Özer, Y. (2012). The European Union as a Civilian Power: the case of the EU’s Trade Policy. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(2), 63-94. Panebianco, S. (2006). Promoting human rights and democracy in European Union relations with Russia and China. Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy, 130-146. Parker, O., ve; Rosamond, B. (2013). ‘Normative power Europe’meets economic liberalism: Complicating cosmopolitanism inside/outside the EU. Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 229-246. Pavlova, Y., & Romanova, T. (2014). Ideological Rivalry or Trash Discourse?. Russia in global affairs, 3. Romaniuk, S. N. (2009). Rethinking EU-Russian Relations:‘Modern’Cooperation or ‘Post-Modern’Strategic Partnership?. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 3(2), 70-85. Romanova, T. (2009). Normative power Europe: a Russian view. In Normative Power Europe in a Changing World: A Discussion. (pp. 91-51). Netherlands Institute for International Relations. Romanova, T. (2016). Russian challenge to the EU’s normative power: change and continuity. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(3), 371-390. Samokhvalov, V. (2017). Russian-European relations in the Balkans and Black Sea region: Great power identity and the idea of Europe. Springer. Schmidt-Felzmann, A. (2008). All for one? EU member states and the Union's common policy towards the Russian Federation. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 16(2), 169-187. Smith, K. E. (2000). The end of civilian power EU: A welcome demise or cause for corncern?.The international spectator, 35(2), 11-28. Steinkohl, J. (2010). Normative Power Rivalry? The EuropeanUnion, Russia and the Question of Kosovo. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 6/2010. Timmins, G. (2002). Strategic or pragmatic partnership? The European union's policy towards Russia since the end of the Cold War. European Security, 11(4), 78-95. Veebel, V., ve; Markus, R. (2018). European Normative Poker During Ukrainian-Russian Conflict. Baltic Journal of Law& Politics, 11(1), 1-20.