Endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımında yapay sulak alanların kullanımı

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 213 - 226, 01.03.2017

Funda Aydın Temel

Öz

Yapay
sulak alanlar elli yılı aşkın süredir atık su arıtımı için kullanılmaktadır. Genellikle
evsel nitelikli atık suların arıtımında kullanılan yapay sulak alan sistemleri
son yirmi yıldır endüstriyel kaynaklı atık suların arıtımında da tercih
edilmektedir. Ayrıca, yapay sulak alanlar, çevre dostu bir teknoloji olması ve
düşük yatırım/işletim maliyeti nedeniyle kırsal bölge ve endüstrilerin
atıksularını arıtmak için pahalı geleneksel arıtma metotlarına alternatif bir
yöntemdir. Düşük enerji gereksinimi, kolay işletim ve bakım, maliyet
verimliliği, arazi estetiği, yeniden kullanım ve canlılara yaşam ortamı
oluşturması gibi pek çok avantaja sahip olan yapay sulak alanlar mühendislik
sistemleridir. Bitki filtre malzemesi, hidroloji ve mikrobiyal toplulukları
içermektedir. Akış türüne göre yüzeysel ve yüzey altı akışlı yapay sulak
alanlar olarak ikiye ayrılıp, yüzey alı akışlı sistemler ise yatay ve düşey
yüzey altı akışlı sistemler olarak alt gruba ayrılmaktadır. Farklı tip yapay
sulak alanların özel avantajlarından yararlanmak için hibrit sistemler olarak
birleştirilebilirler. Yapay sulak alan sistemlerinde fiziksel, kimyasal ve
biyolojik arıtım mekanizmaları birlikte gelişmektedir. Günümüzde özellikli
karaktere sahip endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımda başarı ile kullanılmaktadır.
Yapay sulak alanların endüstriyel atık su arıtımındaki ilk uygulamaları petrokimya,
mezbaha, et işleme, süt ve kağıt endüstrileri olup ardından tekstil, şarap,
sirke ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği endüstrileri izlemiştir.

Bu çalışma, serbest
yüzeyli, yüzey altı akışlı ve hibrit yapay sulak alan sistemlerinin çeşitli endüstriyel
atık suların arıtımındaki pilot ya da gerçek ölçekli çalışmaları ve farklı
ülkelerdeki uygulamaları ile ilgili bilgileri kapsamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay sulak alan, arıtım, endüstri, atık su

Kaynakça

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