Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 01.01.2019

Engin Bağış Öztürk , Selcen Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu , Nihan Kütahnecioğlu İnan

Öz

Kültürler arası araştırmalarda bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk (IND-COL) konusunun en çok çalışılan kavram olması ve bireysel düzeyi de dikkate alabilmesi nedeniyle IND-COL Türkiye’nin kültürler arası yönetim yazınında önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Ancak geçmiş çalışmalardan anlaşıldığı üzere IND-COL kavramının hem içerik hem de ölçüm anlamında problemli olduğu noktalar bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma bu tür problemleri çözmek için tekrar düzenlenen yeni IND-COL ölçeğini Türkçe’ye kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Oyserman, Coon ve Kemmelmeier’ın (2002) meta analizinden esinlenerek geliştirilen Türkçe IND-COL ölçeğini (Oyserman, 2005) geçerlemek için iki farklı çalışma tasarlanmıştır. 440 kişilik örneklemi dikkate alan birinci çalışma IND-COL’un çok boyutlu faktör yapısını (IND: başarıya önem vermek, özgürlüğe önem vermek, özgünlüğe önem vermek. COL: aile, grup içi kadercilik, kişilerarası ilişkiler) test etmiştir. 107 kişilik örneklemi dikkate alan ikinci çalışma ise aynı ölçeğin yakınsama ve ayırt edici geçerliliğini test etmiştir. Yeni IND-COL ölçeği kısmen geçerlenmiş ve ölçeğin yakınsama ve ayırt edici geçerliliği gösterilmiştir. Bu bulgular bireyciliğin ve toplulukçuluğun birbirinden ayrı kavramlar olduğunu ve IND-COL’un alt boyutlarının INDCOL’u belirli alanlarda daha iyi anlamaya yaradığını göstermiştir. Ancak yapısal bütünlüğün kısmen düşük olması IND-COL’un çok boyutlu yapısal güvenirliğinin iyileştirilmesi gerektiğini de ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bulguların teorik önemi ve etkileri geçmiş yazın ışığında tartışılmaktadır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bireycilik, Toplulukçuluk, Ölçek Geçerleme, Kültürlerarası Yönetim, Türkiye

Validation of Individualism-Collectivism Scale in Turkish Context

Öz

Since individualism and collectivism (IND-COL) construct is the most studied concept in cross cultural studies and can take individual-level issues into account, it constitutes an important part of Turkish cross-cultural management literature. However, previous studies indicate that the construct is problematic from both conceptual and methodological aspects. Therefore, this study aims to validate the new INDCOL scale which is designated to solve these problems. We conducted two studies in order to validate Oyserman’s (2005) scale inspired from Oyserman, Coon, and Kemmelmeier’s (2002) meta-analysis. The first study which was composed of 440 participants tested the factor structure of INDCOL (IND: success, uniqueness, freedom. COL: family, with-in group destiny, interpersonal relations). The second study which was composed of 107 participants tested the discriminant and convergent validity of the scale. The new IND-COL scale’s factor structure was partly confirmed, and the scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. The results indicated that individualism and collectivism were separate constructs and specific sub-fields of IND-COL contributed to better understanding of the construct. However multidimensional structure of the scale had to be improved due to low structural integrity. In the light of these findings, theoretical implications are discussed.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Individualism, Collectivism, Scale Validation, Cross-Cultural Management, Turkey

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