EVALUATION OF SERUM IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS AND PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS DATA
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 11 - 24, 01.10.2022
Yeşim Civil
,
Birşen Bilgici
,
Memiş Hilmi Atay
Öz
Background and aim: Monoclonal gammopathies are plasma cell dyscrasias with production of homogeneous protein called paraprotein or M protein. As it can accompany many hematological malignancies, it can cause many complications in non-malignant conditions and may present with various clinical problems. Early diagnosis of patients with this entity is very important to guide clinicians in order to intervene before the disease progresses to a malignant picture. Although protein electrophoresis, which is a simple and inexpensive method, is the first step in the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies today, the gold standard for diagnosis is immunofixation electrophoresis.
Materials and methods: In our study, we retrospectively analyzed the results of protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis of patients who applied to the central laboratory of our hospital with the suspicion of monoclonal gammopathy.
Result and Conclusion: We observed that immunofixation electrophoresis has higher sensitivity than protein electrophoresis. In this context, we concluded that it may be beneficial to use immunofixation electrophoresis and protein electrophoresis data together with some additional tests for further diagnosis.
Kaynakça
- Aita, M. H. C., Arantes, L. C., Aita, B. C., & Silva, J. E. P. (2015). Comparison between immunofixation and electrophoresis for the early detection of relapsed multiple myeloma. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 51, 359-368.
- Bataille, R. & Harousseau, J. L. (1997). Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med, 336, 1657-1664.
- Bird, J., Behrens, J., Westin et al. (2009). Haemato-oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology, UK Myeloma Forum and Nordic Myeloma Study Group UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and Nordic Myeloma Study Group (NMSG): Guidelines for the investigation of newly detected M-proteins and the management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). British Journal of Haematology, 147(1), 22–42.
- Chou, D. (2007). Henry’s clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. JAMA, 297(16), 1827-1833.
- Dikker, O. & Şahin, M. (2018). Serum immünfiksasyon elektroforezi verilerinin değerlendirilmesi: Bir yıllık deneyim. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Dergisi, 16(3), 170-176.
- Ercan, M., Oğuz, E., Uysal, S., Sezer, S., Topçuoğlu, C., & Yılmaz, F. M. (2013). Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi immünfiksasyon elektroforezi verilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 4(2), 148-152.
- Gay-Bellile, C., Bengoufa, D., Houze, P., Le Carrer, D., Benlakehal, M., Bousquet, B., ... & Le Bricon, T. (2003). Automated multicapillary electrophoresis for analysis of human serum proteins. Clinical Chemistry, 49(11), 1909-1915.
- International Myeloma Working Group. (2003). Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. British Journal of Haematology, 121(5), 749-757.
- Jemal, A., Murray, T., Ward, E., Samuels, A., Tiwari, R. C., Ghafoor, A., Feuer, E. J., & Thun, M. J. (2005). Cancer statistics, 2005. CA: A Cancer Journal For Clinicians, 55(1), 10–30. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.55.1.10
- Katzmann, J. A., & Kyle, R. A. (2006). Immunochemical characterization of immunoglobulins in serum, urine, and cererospinal fluid. Manual of Molecular and Clinical Lab Immunology, 88-100.
- Katzmann, J. A., Kyle, R. A., Benson, J., Larson, D. R., Snyder, M. R., Lust, J. A., ... & Dispenzieri, A. (2009). Screening panels for detection of monoclonal gammopathies. Clinical chemistry, 55(8), 1517-1522.
- Keren, D. F. (1999). Procedures for the evaluation of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 123(2), 126-132.
- Koç, H. (1997). Klinik hematoloji ders kitabı. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Antıp AŞ.
- Kyle, R. A., Robinson, R. A., & Katzmann, J. A. (1981). The clinical aspects of biclonal gammopathies: review of 57 cases. The American Journal of Medicine, 71(6), 999-1008.
- Leung, N. (2016). Clinical Tests for Monoclonal Proteins.
- McTaggart, M. P., Lindsay, J., & Kearney, E. M. (2013). Replacing urine protein electrophoresis with serum free light chain analysis as a first-line test for detecting plasma cell disorders offers increased diagnostic accuracy and potential health benefit to patients. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 140(6), 890-897.
- Merlini, G., & Stone, M. J. (2006). Dangerous small B-cell clones. Blood, 108(8), 2520-2530.
- O'Connell, T., Horita, T. J., & Kasravi, B. (2005). Understanding and interpreting the serum protein electrophoresis. American Family Physician, 71(1), 105-112.
- Öge, A. E. & Parman Y. (2004). Polinöropatiler. A.E. Öge (Ed.). Nöroloji (ss. 591-625), İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
- Potdevin, F., Roncato, M., Drupt, F., et al. (1983) Contribution of immunofixation on agarose gel in the characterization of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins. Ann Institut Pasteur Immunol. 134(13), 105-23.
Serum İmmunfiksasyon Elektroforezi ve Protein Elektroforezi Verilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 11 - 24, 01.10.2022
Yeşim Civil
,
Birşen Bilgici
,
Memiş Hilmi Atay
Öz
Giriş ve amaç: Monoklonal gamopatiler, paraprotein veya M proteini adı verilen homojen protein üretimi ile plazma hücre diskrazileridir. Birçok hematolojik maligniteye eşlik edebildiği gibi malign olmayan durumlarda da birçok komplikasyona neden olabilmekte ve çeşitli klinik problemlerle karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Bu antiteye sahip hastalarda erken teşhis, hastalık malign bir tabloya ilerlemeden müdahale edebilmek için klinisyenlere rehberlik etmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Günümüzde monoklonal gamopatilerin tanısında basit ve ucuz bir yöntem olan protein elektroforezi ilk adım olsa da tanı için altın standart immünfiksasyon elektroforezidir.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamızda monoklonal gamopati şüphesi ile hastanemiz merkez laboratuvarına başvuran hastaların protein elektroforezi ve immunofiksasyon elektroforezi sonuçlarını retrospektif olarak inceledik.
Bulgular ve Sonuç: İmmünfiksasyon elektroforezinin protein elektroforezinden daha yüksek duyarlılığa sahip olduğunu gözlemledik. Bu bağlamda immünfiksasyon elektroforezi ve protein elektroforezi verilerinin bazı ek testler ile birlikte kullanılmasının ileri tanı için faydalı olabileceği kanaatine vardık.
Kaynakça
- Aita, M. H. C., Arantes, L. C., Aita, B. C., & Silva, J. E. P. (2015). Comparison between immunofixation and electrophoresis for the early detection of relapsed multiple myeloma. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 51, 359-368.
- Bataille, R. & Harousseau, J. L. (1997). Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med, 336, 1657-1664.
- Bird, J., Behrens, J., Westin et al. (2009). Haemato-oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology, UK Myeloma Forum and Nordic Myeloma Study Group UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and Nordic Myeloma Study Group (NMSG): Guidelines for the investigation of newly detected M-proteins and the management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). British Journal of Haematology, 147(1), 22–42.
- Chou, D. (2007). Henry’s clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. JAMA, 297(16), 1827-1833.
- Dikker, O. & Şahin, M. (2018). Serum immünfiksasyon elektroforezi verilerinin değerlendirilmesi: Bir yıllık deneyim. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Dergisi, 16(3), 170-176.
- Ercan, M., Oğuz, E., Uysal, S., Sezer, S., Topçuoğlu, C., & Yılmaz, F. M. (2013). Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi immünfiksasyon elektroforezi verilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 4(2), 148-152.
- Gay-Bellile, C., Bengoufa, D., Houze, P., Le Carrer, D., Benlakehal, M., Bousquet, B., ... & Le Bricon, T. (2003). Automated multicapillary electrophoresis for analysis of human serum proteins. Clinical Chemistry, 49(11), 1909-1915.
- International Myeloma Working Group. (2003). Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. British Journal of Haematology, 121(5), 749-757.
- Jemal, A., Murray, T., Ward, E., Samuels, A., Tiwari, R. C., Ghafoor, A., Feuer, E. J., & Thun, M. J. (2005). Cancer statistics, 2005. CA: A Cancer Journal For Clinicians, 55(1), 10–30. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.55.1.10
- Katzmann, J. A., & Kyle, R. A. (2006). Immunochemical characterization of immunoglobulins in serum, urine, and cererospinal fluid. Manual of Molecular and Clinical Lab Immunology, 88-100.
- Katzmann, J. A., Kyle, R. A., Benson, J., Larson, D. R., Snyder, M. R., Lust, J. A., ... & Dispenzieri, A. (2009). Screening panels for detection of monoclonal gammopathies. Clinical chemistry, 55(8), 1517-1522.
- Keren, D. F. (1999). Procedures for the evaluation of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 123(2), 126-132.
- Koç, H. (1997). Klinik hematoloji ders kitabı. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Antıp AŞ.
- Kyle, R. A., Robinson, R. A., & Katzmann, J. A. (1981). The clinical aspects of biclonal gammopathies: review of 57 cases. The American Journal of Medicine, 71(6), 999-1008.
- Leung, N. (2016). Clinical Tests for Monoclonal Proteins.
- McTaggart, M. P., Lindsay, J., & Kearney, E. M. (2013). Replacing urine protein electrophoresis with serum free light chain analysis as a first-line test for detecting plasma cell disorders offers increased diagnostic accuracy and potential health benefit to patients. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 140(6), 890-897.
- Merlini, G., & Stone, M. J. (2006). Dangerous small B-cell clones. Blood, 108(8), 2520-2530.
- O'Connell, T., Horita, T. J., & Kasravi, B. (2005). Understanding and interpreting the serum protein electrophoresis. American Family Physician, 71(1), 105-112.
- Öge, A. E. & Parman Y. (2004). Polinöropatiler. A.E. Öge (Ed.). Nöroloji (ss. 591-625), İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
- Potdevin, F., Roncato, M., Drupt, F., et al. (1983) Contribution of immunofixation on agarose gel in the characterization of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins. Ann Institut Pasteur Immunol. 134(13), 105-23.