Wave Impact Loads on Vertical Circular Cylinder and the effect of Hydrophobic Surface

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 253 - 267, 31.05.2023

Abdallah Mohamed Alwy Al-beıty , Fatih Cüneyd Korkmaz , Bülent Güzel

https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1202291

Öz

Peculiarly cylindrical legs on offshore platforms constantly are exerted vigorously to wave stresses. For their lifetime, a test on structural deformations and pressure measurements is taken. Experimental research on the wave forces affecting cylindrical structures is presented. To determine pressure distributions and deformations in the altered cylinder's surface properties by applying a hydrophobic coating. Hence, the angle at which water drops hit the surface has increased, thus, decreasing water adhesion to the surface. The geometric modification or additional weight coated on the cylinders' surfaces is not notable. Wave loads with various amplitudes and frequencies were applied repeatedly to cylinders with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface materials. Three pressure sensors and a strain gauge were used to measure pressure distributions and the cylinders' surface deformations respectively. Two cylinders' fluctuation in pressure is carefully examined and analyzed. Cylinder's pressure response for hydrophobic surfaces varied based on the sensor's location by lowering the maximum pressure or the impact time. The structural deformations due to changing surface properties and strain readings were contrasted. The structural deformation changed, with the impacting wave distributed throughout the surface. Image processing demonstrates the variation in the water body's volume to which the surface is exposed, reinforcing this finding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wave forces, vertical cylinder, hydrophobic surface, structural deformation

Kaynakça

• [1]. Y. Goda, “Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures,” World Scientific, vol. 33, 2010.
• [2]. N. J. Smith, P. K. Stansby, and J. R. Wright, “The Slam Force on a Flat Plate in Free Flight due to Impact on a Wave Crest,” Journal of Fluids Structures, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 183-196, Feb. 1998, doi: 10.1006/jfls.1997.0132.
• [3]. V. Karman, “The impact on seaplane floats during landing,” NACA Technical Note NACA TN321, 1929.
• [4]. H. Wagner, “Uber stoss und Gleitvorgänge an der Oberfläche von Flüssigkeiten,” Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, vol. 12, pp. 193-215, 1932.
• [5]. M. A. Chella, A. Tørum, and D. Myrhaug, “An overview of wave impact forces on offshore wind turbine substructures,” Energy Procedia, vol. 20, pp. 217-226, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.03.022.
• [6]. M. H. Nokob, “The Energy Capture Analysis of A Cylinderical Wave Energy Converter,” vol. PhD, 2011.
• [7]. S. E. Hirdaris et al., “Loads for use in the design of ships and offshore structures,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 78, pp. 131-174, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.09.012.
• [8]. T. J. Xu, G. H. Dong, M. F. Tang, J. Liu, and W. J. Guo, “Experimental analysis of hydrodynamic forces on net panel in extreme waves,” Applied Ocean Research, vol. 107, pp. 102495, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apor.2020.102495.
• [9]. C. Lugni, A. Bardazzi, O. M. Faltinsen, and G. Graziani, “Hydroelastic slamming response in the evolution of a flip-through event during shallow-liquid sloshing,” Physics Fluids, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 032108, 2014, doi: 10.1063/1.4868878.
• [10]. E. J. de Ridder, P. Aalberts, J. van den Berg, B. Buchner, and J. Peeringa, “The Dynamic Response of an Offshore Wind Turbine With Realistic Flexibility to Breaking Wave Impact,” Ocean Space Utilization; Ocean Renewable Energy, vol. 5, pp. 543-552, 2011, doi: 10.1115/OMAE2011-49563.
• [11]. H. Liu, C. Zhao, Z. Jiang, H. Su, and X. Qu, “Numerical investigation of wave run-up and impact forces on large offshore jacket platforms,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 266, no. P1, pp. 112539, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112539.
• [12]. H. Shi, X. Dong, L. Feng, and Z. Han, “Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Heaving Buoy Assembled on a Net Cage Platform,” Journal of Ocean University of China, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1031-1040, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11802-019-4028-x.
• [13]. Y. Huang, Y. Zhuang, and D. Wan, “Hydrodynamic Study and Performance Analysis of the OC4-DeepCWind Platform by CFD Method,” International Journal of Computational Methods, vol. 18, no. 4, 2021, doi: 10.1142/S0219876220500206.
• [14]. Y. H. Chen, T. Chu, and K. H. Wang, “Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Waves Propagating through Thin, Porous Walls for Coastal Protection Applications,” J. Coast. Res., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1294-1306, 2019.
• [15]. F. C. Korkmaz, K. Yigit, and B. Güzel, “Perde Tipi Engellerin Çalkantı Yüklerini Azaltma Etkileri Üzerine Deneysel Bir Çalışma,” El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1149-1157, 2021, doi: 10.31202/ecjse.899736.
• [16]. T. Tang and H. Saadatmanesh, “Analytical and experimental studies of fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened concrete beams under impact loading,” ACI Struct. J., vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 139-149, 2005, doi: 10.14359/13539.
• [17]. S. ÇetinKarakaya, “Oluklu Çekirdekli Sandviç Panellerin Deformasyon Davranışı Üzerine Simulasyon Çalışması,” El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 843-852, 2022.
• [18]. M. H. EyüpYeter, “Karbon/Epoksi ve Cam/Epoksi Kompozitlerin Düşen Ağırlık Darbe Testi Altındaki Davranışlarının Simule Edilmesi,” El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 895-905, 2020.
• [19]. W. Barthlott and C. Neinhuis, “Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces,” Planta, vol. 202, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 1997, doi: 10.1007/s004250050096.
• [20]. D. Ebert and B. Bhushan, “Durable Lotus-effect surfaces with hierarchical structure using micro- and nanosized hydrophobic silica particles,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 368, no. 1, pp. 584-591, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.049.
• [21]. R. J. Daniello, N. E. Waterhouse, and J. P. Rothstein, “Drag reduction in turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 085103, 2009, doi: 10.1063/1.3207885.
• [22]. B. Guzel and F. C. Korkmaz, “Experimental investigation of water entry impact on hydrophobic surfaces,” Proceeding International Conference of Offshore Mechanical and Arct Engineering - OMAE, vol. 7, pp. 2022, 2015, doi: 10.1115/OMAE201541729.
• [23]. J. Brier and lia dwi jayanti, “Hydrophilic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces and Materials,” vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/JKM/article/view/2203.
• [24]. F. C. Korkmaz and B. Güzel, “Water entry of cylinders and spheres under hydrophobic effects; Case for advancing deadrise angles,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 129, pp. 240-252, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.11.021.
• [25]. G. A. Somorjai, “Surface reconstruction and catalysis,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 721-751, 1994, doi: 10.1146/annurev.pc.45.100194.003445.
• [26]. J. Wienke, U. Sparboom, and H. Oumeraci, “Breaking wave impact on a slender cylinder,” Coast. Eng. 2000 - Proc. 27th International Conference of Coastal Engineering ICCE 2000, vol. 276, pp. 1787-1798, 2000, doi: 10.1061/40549(276)139.
• [27]. J. Wienke, U. W. E. Sparboom, and H. Oumeraci, “Theoretical Formulae for Wave Slamming Loads on Slender Circular Cylinders and Application for Support Structures of Wind Turbine,” Coast. Eng. 2004 - Proc. 29th International Conference of Coastal Engineering ICCE 2004, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2004, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812701916_0324.
• [28]. J. Wienke and H. Oumeraci, “Breaking wave impact force on a vertical and inclined slender pile - Theoretical and large-scale model investigations,” Coastal Engineering, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 435-462, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2004.12.008.
• [29]. J. Song, S. H. So, and H. C. Lim, “Dynamic characteristics between waves and a floating cylindrical body connected to a tension-leg mooring cable placed in a simulated offshore environment,” International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 375-385, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2016.05.003.
• [30]. B. Güzel and F. C. Korkmaz, “Experimental investigation of water entry of bodies with constant deadrise angles under hydrophobic effects,” Experiments in Fluids, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 107, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00348-021-03202-x.
• [31]. D. Zhou, E. S. Chan, and W. K. Melville, “Wave impact pressures on vertical cylinders,” Applied Ocean Research, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 220-234, 1991, doi: 10.1016/S0141-1187(05)80046-X.
• [32]. C. Duez, C. Ybert, C. Clanet, and L. Bocquet, “Making A Splash With Water Repellency,” Nature Physics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 180-183, 2007, doi: 10.1038/nphys545.
• [33]. B. Güzel and F. C. Korkmaz, “Reducing Water Entry Impact Loads On Offshore Marine Structures By Forced Air Entrapment,” Ships Offshore Structures, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 942-952, 2020, doi: 10.1080/17445302.2019.1696534.
• [34]. B. Güzel and F. C. Korkmaz, “Reducing Water Entry Impact Loads On Marine Structures By Surface Modification,” Brodogradnja, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1-18, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.21278/brod71101.