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Karma Savaş Teorisi ve Rusya-Ukrayna Krizi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 399 - 415, 27.12.2018

Öz

2014
Rusya–Ukrayna Krizi ve Rusya’nın Batılı devletler ve uluslararası örgütler
tarafından karma savaş olarak adlandırılan askeri faaliyetleri; teorisyenler
tarafından düşük yoğunluklu çatışma, dördüncü nesil, birleşik savaş gibi
kavramlarla tanımlanmaya çalışılan Soğuk Savaş sonrası çatışmaların niteliğine
yönelik tartışmaları tekrar başlatmıştır. Çalışma bu bilgiler ışığında karma
savaşın yeni bir savaş türü olup olmadığını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Öncelikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası döneme odaklanarak karma savaş teorisinin
gelişimini, ortaya koymaktadır. Daha sonra Rusya’nın Ukrayna krizi dönemindeki
askeri faaliyetlerini karma savaş teorisi çerçevesinde incelemektedir.
Çalışmada Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönem çatışmaların tanımlayan diğer teoriler gibi
karma savaşın da yeni bir savaş biçimi olmadığı ve Rusya’nın askeri
faaliyetlerinin savaş tarihi için devrimsel nitelikte bir yenilik
kazandırmadığını ileri sürmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • “Closing Press Conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the Meetings of NATO Foreign Ministers in Antalya, Turkey”, 14 Mayıs 2015, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_119432.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2017).
  • “Die Russen Nutzen Alle Werkzeuge”, Die Zeit, 29 Ocak 2015.
  • “Germany’s Domestic Intelligence Chief Accuses Russia of Cyberwarfare”, Deutsche Welle, 13 Mayıs 2016.
  • “Hybrid Warfare: Briefing to the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities”, United States Government Accountability Office, http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/97053.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2016).
  • “Interview with President Putin”, President of Russia, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20366, (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2017).
  • “Irregular Warfare: Countering Irregular Threats Joint Operation Concept Second Version”, Defense Technical Information Center, 17 Mayıs 2010, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/concepts/joint_concepts/joc_iw_v2.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.08.2017).
  • “JP-1: Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States”, Defense Technical Information Center, 2013, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2017).
  • “Russia’s 2014 Military Doctrine”, Offiziere.ch, https://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads-001/2015/08/Russia-s-2014-Military-Doctrine.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2017).
  • “Russian Troops Ordered Home from Surprise Games”, Russia Today, 04 Mart 2014.
  • “Russia’s New Tactics of War Shouldn’t Fool Anyone”, The Washington Post, 27 Ağustos 2014.
  • “Unified Land Operations ADP. 3.0.”, US Army, Ekim 2011, https://www.army.mil/e2/rv5_downloads/info/references/ADP_30_ULO_Oct_2011_APD.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.08.2017).
  • “Vladimir Putin, Interview to the Italian Newspaper Il Corriere della Sera”, Corriere della Sera, http://www.corriere.it/english/15_giugno_07/vladimir-putin-interview-to-the-italian-newspaper-corriere-sera-44c5a66c-0d12-11e5-8612-1eda5b996824.shtml?refresh_ce-cp, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2016).
  • Ash, Lucy, “How Russia Outfoxes its Enemies”, BBC News, 29 Ocak 2015, htttp://www.bbc.com.news.magazine-31020283, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.06.2016).
  • Boot, Max, “The Evolution of Irregular War: Insurgents and Guerillas from Akkadia to Afghanistan”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt: 92, Sayı: 2, 2013, s. 100-114.
  • Coalson, Robert, “Top Russian General Lays Bare Putin's Plan for Ukraine”, Huffington Post, 9 Şubat 2014.
  • Johnson, David, Hard Fighting: Israel in Lebanon and Gaza, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica 2011.
  • Erol, Mehmet Seyfettin-Şafak Oğuz, “Hybrid Warfare Studies and Russia’s Example in Crimea”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 17, Kış 2015, s. 261-277.
  • Golts, Alexander, “Are Color Revolutions a New Form of War”, The Moscow Times, 02 Haziran 2014.
  • Grobe, Stefan, “Stoltenberg: NATO Massively Stepping up Military Presence in Europe”, Euro News, 25 Nisan 2015, http://www.euronews.com/2015/03/25/stoltenberg-nato-massively-stepping-up-military-presence-in-europe/, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.04.2016).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., “Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars”, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, December 2007, http://www.potomacinstitute.org/publications/Potomac_HybridWar_0108.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2016).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., “Hybrid Warfare and Challenges”, Joint Force Quarterly, Issue: 52, 2009.
  • Kaldor, Mary, New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era, 3. Baskı, Polity Press, Cambridge 2012.
  • Kober, Avi, “The Israeli Defence Forces in the Second Lebanon War: Why the Poor Performance”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Cilt: 31, Sayı: 1, 2008, s. 3-40.
  • Macfarquhar, Neil, “Putin Says He Weighed Nuclear Alert over Crimea”, The New York Times, 15 Mart 2015.
  • Mansoor, Peter R., “Introduction”, Peter R. Mansoor vd., eds, Hybrid Warfare: Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2012, s. 1-17.
  • McCulloh, Timothy - Richard Johnson, “Hybrid Warfare”, JSOU Report, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 4, Ağustos 2013, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA591803, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.05.2016).
  • Murray, Williamson-Peter R. Mansoor, Hybrid Warfare: Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2012.
  • National Security Strategy and Strategic Defense and Security Review 2015: A Secure and Prosperous UK, GOV.UK, 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-security-strategy-and-strategic-defence-and-security-review-2015, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2017).
  • Oğuz, Şafak, “Is Hybrid Warfare Really New?”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 72, Sayı: 3, 2017, s. 525-540.
  • Pawlak, Patryk, Countering Hybrid Threats: EU-NATO Cooperation, Mart 2017, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS,_BRI(2017)599315, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.10.2017).
  • Polityuk, Pavel, “Ukraine Sees Russian Hand in Cyber Attacks on Power Grid”, Reuters, 12 Şubat 2016.
  • Pukhov, Ruslan, “Nothing Hybrid About Russia’s War in Ukraine”, The Moscow Times, 27 Mayıs 2015.
  • Puyvelde, Damien Van, “Hybrid War – Does it Even Exist?”, NATO Review, 2015, http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2015/also-in-2015/hybrid-modern-future-warfare-russia-ukraine/en/index.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2017).
  • Renz, Bettina-Hanna Smith, “Russia and Hybrid Warfare: Going Beyond the Label”, Aleksantari Papers, 2016, https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/175291, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.2017).
  • Shuster, Simon, “Putin’s Man in Crimea is Ukraine’s Worst Nightmare”, TIME, 10 Mart 2014.
  • Vandiver, John, “Saceur: Allies must prepare for Russia ‘Hybrid War’”, Stars and Stripes, http://www.stripes.com/news/saceur-allies-must-prepare-for-russia-hybrid-war-1.301464, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.09.2014).
  • Walker, Robert G., “Spec Fi: The U.S. Marine Corps and Special Operations”, Naval Post-Graduate School, 1998, (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis).
  • Wijk, Rob de, “Hybrid Conflict and the Changing Nature of Actors”, Yves Boyer vd., The Oxford Handbook of War, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, s. 358-372.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 399 - 415, 27.12.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • “Closing Press Conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the Meetings of NATO Foreign Ministers in Antalya, Turkey”, 14 Mayıs 2015, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_119432.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2017).
  • “Die Russen Nutzen Alle Werkzeuge”, Die Zeit, 29 Ocak 2015.
  • “Germany’s Domestic Intelligence Chief Accuses Russia of Cyberwarfare”, Deutsche Welle, 13 Mayıs 2016.
  • “Hybrid Warfare: Briefing to the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities”, United States Government Accountability Office, http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/97053.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2016).
  • “Interview with President Putin”, President of Russia, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20366, (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2017).
  • “Irregular Warfare: Countering Irregular Threats Joint Operation Concept Second Version”, Defense Technical Information Center, 17 Mayıs 2010, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/concepts/joint_concepts/joc_iw_v2.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.08.2017).
  • “JP-1: Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States”, Defense Technical Information Center, 2013, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2017).
  • “Russia’s 2014 Military Doctrine”, Offiziere.ch, https://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads-001/2015/08/Russia-s-2014-Military-Doctrine.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2017).
  • “Russian Troops Ordered Home from Surprise Games”, Russia Today, 04 Mart 2014.
  • “Russia’s New Tactics of War Shouldn’t Fool Anyone”, The Washington Post, 27 Ağustos 2014.
  • “Unified Land Operations ADP. 3.0.”, US Army, Ekim 2011, https://www.army.mil/e2/rv5_downloads/info/references/ADP_30_ULO_Oct_2011_APD.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.08.2017).
  • “Vladimir Putin, Interview to the Italian Newspaper Il Corriere della Sera”, Corriere della Sera, http://www.corriere.it/english/15_giugno_07/vladimir-putin-interview-to-the-italian-newspaper-corriere-sera-44c5a66c-0d12-11e5-8612-1eda5b996824.shtml?refresh_ce-cp, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2016).
  • Ash, Lucy, “How Russia Outfoxes its Enemies”, BBC News, 29 Ocak 2015, htttp://www.bbc.com.news.magazine-31020283, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.06.2016).
  • Boot, Max, “The Evolution of Irregular War: Insurgents and Guerillas from Akkadia to Afghanistan”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt: 92, Sayı: 2, 2013, s. 100-114.
  • Coalson, Robert, “Top Russian General Lays Bare Putin's Plan for Ukraine”, Huffington Post, 9 Şubat 2014.
  • Johnson, David, Hard Fighting: Israel in Lebanon and Gaza, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica 2011.
  • Erol, Mehmet Seyfettin-Şafak Oğuz, “Hybrid Warfare Studies and Russia’s Example in Crimea”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 17, Kış 2015, s. 261-277.
  • Golts, Alexander, “Are Color Revolutions a New Form of War”, The Moscow Times, 02 Haziran 2014.
  • Grobe, Stefan, “Stoltenberg: NATO Massively Stepping up Military Presence in Europe”, Euro News, 25 Nisan 2015, http://www.euronews.com/2015/03/25/stoltenberg-nato-massively-stepping-up-military-presence-in-europe/, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.04.2016).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., “Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars”, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, December 2007, http://www.potomacinstitute.org/publications/Potomac_HybridWar_0108.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2016).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., “Hybrid Warfare and Challenges”, Joint Force Quarterly, Issue: 52, 2009.
  • Kaldor, Mary, New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era, 3. Baskı, Polity Press, Cambridge 2012.
  • Kober, Avi, “The Israeli Defence Forces in the Second Lebanon War: Why the Poor Performance”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Cilt: 31, Sayı: 1, 2008, s. 3-40.
  • Macfarquhar, Neil, “Putin Says He Weighed Nuclear Alert over Crimea”, The New York Times, 15 Mart 2015.
  • Mansoor, Peter R., “Introduction”, Peter R. Mansoor vd., eds, Hybrid Warfare: Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2012, s. 1-17.
  • McCulloh, Timothy - Richard Johnson, “Hybrid Warfare”, JSOU Report, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 4, Ağustos 2013, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA591803, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.05.2016).
  • Murray, Williamson-Peter R. Mansoor, Hybrid Warfare: Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2012.
  • National Security Strategy and Strategic Defense and Security Review 2015: A Secure and Prosperous UK, GOV.UK, 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-security-strategy-and-strategic-defence-and-security-review-2015, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2017).
  • Oğuz, Şafak, “Is Hybrid Warfare Really New?”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 72, Sayı: 3, 2017, s. 525-540.
  • Pawlak, Patryk, Countering Hybrid Threats: EU-NATO Cooperation, Mart 2017, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS,_BRI(2017)599315, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.10.2017).
  • Polityuk, Pavel, “Ukraine Sees Russian Hand in Cyber Attacks on Power Grid”, Reuters, 12 Şubat 2016.
  • Pukhov, Ruslan, “Nothing Hybrid About Russia’s War in Ukraine”, The Moscow Times, 27 Mayıs 2015.
  • Puyvelde, Damien Van, “Hybrid War – Does it Even Exist?”, NATO Review, 2015, http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2015/also-in-2015/hybrid-modern-future-warfare-russia-ukraine/en/index.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2017).
  • Renz, Bettina-Hanna Smith, “Russia and Hybrid Warfare: Going Beyond the Label”, Aleksantari Papers, 2016, https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/175291, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.2017).
  • Shuster, Simon, “Putin’s Man in Crimea is Ukraine’s Worst Nightmare”, TIME, 10 Mart 2014.
  • Vandiver, John, “Saceur: Allies must prepare for Russia ‘Hybrid War’”, Stars and Stripes, http://www.stripes.com/news/saceur-allies-must-prepare-for-russia-hybrid-war-1.301464, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.09.2014).
  • Walker, Robert G., “Spec Fi: The U.S. Marine Corps and Special Operations”, Naval Post-Graduate School, 1998, (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis).
  • Wijk, Rob de, “Hybrid Conflict and the Changing Nature of Actors”, Yves Boyer vd., The Oxford Handbook of War, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, s. 358-372.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Erol

Şafak Oğuz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erol, M., & Oğuz, Ş. (2018). Karma Savaş Teorisi ve Rusya-Ukrayna Krizi. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 18(2), 399-415. https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.362247

by-nc.png  Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.