“Tuzağa Düşmüş Bir Kuş Gibi”: Amarna Çağı’nda Bölgesel Çatışmalar, Paralı Askerler ve Vekâlet Savaşları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 537 - 566, 30.12.2019

Sevgi Dönmez

https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661593

Öz

M.Ö. 14. yüzyılda Suriye ve Filistin, döneme özgü askeri, siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel dinamikler üzerinden şekillenmiştir. Amarna Çağı olarak adlandırılan dönemde, bölgedeki önemli ticaret merkezleri ve küçük politik yapılar arasındaki çıkar çatışmaları, büyük politik güçlerin bu bölgedeki hâkimiyet alanlarının genişlemesi veya daralmasında önemli ölçüde etkili olmuştur. Suriye ve Filistin Bölgesi’nde yer alan kentlerin askeri anlamda yetersizliği, bölgede bulunan göçebe ve yağmacı grupların hareket alanlarını genişletmiştir. Göçebe ve yağmacı grupların ormanlık ve dağlık alanlarda, coğrafyanın da sunduğu imkânlarla gerçekleştirdikleri küçük gruplar halindeki saldırılar karşısında, bu güçlere karşı etkili bir mücadele verilememiştir. Yağmacı ve göçebe gruplar, bölgede yer alan ve askeri savunma anlamında yetersiz küçük politik merkezler ile bölgede ekonomik ve askeri çıkarları bulunan büyük politik güçler, Mitanni, Hitit ve Mısır tarafından kendi aralarındaki mücadelelerde paralı asker olarak kullanılmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, Amarna Çağı’nda, doğası gereği çok çabuk siyasi kamp değiştiren göçebe ve yağmacı grupların politik anlamda yükselişinde etkili olan vekâlet savaşları, bölgesel çatışmalar ve çıkar ilişkileri tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paralı Askerler, Vekâlet Savaşları, Bölgesel Çatışmalar, Amarna Çağı, Suriye ve Filistin

“Like a Bird in a Trap”: Regional Conflicts, Mercenaries and Proxy Wars in the Amarna Age

Öz

14th century BC Syria and Palestine was shaped by particular military, political, economic, social and cultural dynamics. This era, also called the Amarna Age, the conflicts of interest between important trade centres in the region and small political structures were significant factors explaining the changes in great power zones of control and influence. Cities in Syria and Palestine had limited military capabilities, resulting in the expansion of mobility and activity on the part of nomads and marauders in the region. They lacked effective measures against the offensives of small nomad and marauder groups who used the advantages of geography, especially forests and mountainous terrain. Nomads and marauders were also utilized as mercenaries by lesser polities lacking in military defence as well as by great powers with military interests, that is Mitanni, Hittite and Egypt, during periods of conflict. Proxy wars, regional conflicts and relationships based on mutual interests of the quickly turning nomad and vagabond groups which facilitated their rise in political power in regards to nature of the zone in Amarna Age will be discussed in this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mercenaries, Proxy Wars, Regional Conflicts, Amarna Age, Syria and Palestine

Kaynakça

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