Problem-Solving Training: Effects on the Problem-Solving Skills and Self-Efficacy of Nursing Students

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 64, 0 - 0, 15.01.2016

Gulsum Ancel

Öz

Problem Statement: Problem-Solving (PS) skills have been determined to be an internationally useful strategy for better nursing. That is why PS skills underlie all nursing practice, teamwork, and health care management, and are a main topic in undergraduate nursing education. Thus, there is a need to develop effective methods to teach problem-solving skills. The present study, as a first study in Turkey, may provide valuable insight for nurse academicians employed at üniversities. Purpose of the Study: This study aims to determine the effect of problemsolving training, through a management course, on nursing students’ perceived problem-solving skills and self-efficacy beliefs. Method: Study data, based on pretest–posttest application and a semiexperimental design, were collected using a socio-demographic data form, Problem-Solving Inventory, and Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 using definitive statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test, and the Spearman correlation test for inter-scale relations. Findings: After training, the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) and SelfEfficacy Scale scores showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Regarding PSI subdimensions, it was determined that students receiving training perceived themselves as more competent in the Reflective Approach, the Evaluative Quick Approach, and the Planned Approach (p<0.05), but there was no difference in the Quick Approach, Abstention Approach, And Self-Reliable Approach. A positive, medium-level but statistically insignificant relation between perceived problem-solving and self-efficacy has been found Conclusions and Recommendations: This study shows that training for problem-solving through a structured management course improves confidence in problem-solving skills and self-efficacy beliefs. In light of this, nursing students should be trained in more creative ways than just traditional methods, and PS strategies related to management should be integrated into the nursing process. In this regard, academicians should be aware of the importance of the teaching method used and the content of the course. It is also considered that examining multidimensionally to what extent the nursing process improves PS skills would be useful. Further study is needed to clarify the relation between training programs and perceived problem-solving in different samples. Keywords: Nursing process, nursing, education, management course.

Kaynakça

• Altun, I.(2003). The perceived problem solving ability and values of student nurses
• and midwives. Nurse Education Today, 23, 575–584.
• Ancel, G., Erkal, S.,& Gencturk. Z.B. (2015). An analysis of the relationship between
• self- efficacy beliefs and perceived problem solving ability among nursing
• and midwifery students. Turkiye Klinikleri Hemsirelik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1),20-
• Bandura, A.(1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and
• Company.
• Bayindir, C.A., & Olgun, N.(2015). Do problem-solving skills affect success in
• nursing process applications? An application among Turkish nursing
• student. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 26(2), 90-5.
• Burns, HK., O'Donnell, J., & Artman, J. (2010). High-fidelity simulation in teaching
• problem solving to 1st-year nursing students.A novel use of the nursing
• process. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 6(3),87-95.
• Cholowski, K.M., & Chan, L.K. (2004). Cognitive factors in student nurses' clinical
• problem solving. Jounal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice,10 (1),85-95.
• Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D.(2013). Educational psychology: Windows on classrooms (9th
• ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education.
• Gloudemans, H., Schalk, R, & Reynaert, W.(2013). The relationship between critical
• thinking skills and self-efficacy beliefs in mental health nurses. Nurse
• Education Today, 33, 275.280.
• Gore, P. (2006). Academic self-efficacy as a predictor of college outcomes: Two
• incremental validity studies. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), 92-115.
• Gozum, S., & Aksayan, S.(1999). Oz-Yeterlik-Etkilik Olçeginin Türkce formunun
• guvenirlik ve gecerliligi.[The reliability and validity of Turkish form of the
• Self-Efficacy Scale ]. Ataturk Universitesi HYO Dergisi, 2, 21-34.
• Heppner, P.P., & Krauskopf CJ. (1987). An information processing approach to
• personel problem solving. The Counseling Psychologist, 15(3), 371-447.
• Heppner, PP., & Peterson, C.H.(1982). The development and implications of a
• Personel Problem Solving Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 66-
• Hermanowicz, H.J.(1961). Problem solving as teaching method. Educational
• Leadership, Feb., 299-306. Retrieved March, 19, 2015, from
• http://www.ascd.org/ascd/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_196102_Hermanowi
• cz.Pdf.
• Hoyt, P. (2007). An international approach to problem solving for better health
• nursing (PSBHN). International Nursing Review, 54,100–106.
• Kanbay, Y., Aslan, O., Isik, E., & Kilic, N.(2013). Hemsirelik lisans ogrencilerinin
• problem cozme ve elestirel dusunme becerileri [Problem solving and critical
• thinking skills of nursing students]. Yuksekogretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 3(3), 244-
• Kelleci, M., Golbasi, Z., Dogan, S., & Tugut, N. (2011). Entegre egitim programinda
• ögrenim goren hemsirelik ogrencilerinin problem cozme becerileri: Bir
• izlem calismasi [Problem-solving abilities of the nursing students studying
• in integrated education:A follow-up study]. Istanbul Universitesi Florance
• Nightingale Hemsirelik Dergisi, 19( 1), 23-28.
• Le, M.B., & Brysiewicz, P. (2009). Enhancing problem solving and nursing diagnosis
• in year 3 bachelor of nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 29 (4), 389-397.
• Mayer, R.E. (1998). Cognitive, metacognitive and motivational aspects of problem
• solving. Instructional Science, 26 (1-2),49–63.
• Olgun, N., Onturk, Z.K., Karabacak, U., Aslan, F.E., & Serbest, S. (2010). Hemsirelik
• ogrencilerinin problem cozme becerileri: Bir yillik izlem sonuclari. [Problem
• solving skills of the nursing students: Results of the 1-year observation
• problem solving skills of the students]. Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri
• Dergisi, 1(4),188-194.
• Robb, M. (2012). Self-efficacy with application to nursing education: A concept
• analysis. Nursing Forum,47(3), 166-172.
• Seyedfatemi, N., Moshir, Z., Abadi, L.,& Borimnejad, H.(2011). Problem solving skill
• and Iranian nursing students. European Psychiatry, 26(1), 477. Retrieved
• March, 18, 2015, from
• www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924933811721848.
• Sherer, M., & Madduks, J.E. (1982). The Self-Efficacy Scale construction and
• validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663-71.
• Taylan, S. (1990). Heppner’in Problem Cozme Envanterinin uyarlama, guvenirlik ve
• gecerlik calismalari [The studies on reliability and validity of Perceived Problem
• Solving Inventory by Heppner ]. Unpublished master's thesis, Ankara
• Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu, Ankara.
• Taylor, C.(2000). Clinical problem solving in nursing: Insights from the literature.
• Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(4), 842-849.
• Ulupinar, S.(1997). Hemsirelik egitiminin ogrencilerin sorun cozme becerilerine etkisi [The
• effect of nursing education on problem solving skills of students]. Unpublished
• doctorate thesis, Istanbul Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu Hemsirelik
• Anabilim Dali, Istanbul.
• van Dinther, M., Dochy, F., & Segers, M.(2011). Factors effecting self-efficacy in
• higher students. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 95-108.
• Wang, J.J., Lo, Chi-Hui, K., Ya, Lie, K.(2004). Problem solving strategies integrated
• into nursing process to promote clinical problem solving abilities of RNBSN
• students. Nurse Education Today, 24 (8), 589-95.
• Zajacova, A., Lynch, S., & Espenshade, T. (2005). Self-efficacy, stress, and academic
• success in college. Research in Higher Education, 46(6), 677-70.
• Zulkosky, K. (2009). Self-efficacy: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 44 (2), 93-102.
• Zimmerman, B.J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motivation to learn. Contemporary
• Educational Psychology, 25, 82-91.