Condylar Hyperplasia: Case Report and Literature Review

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 70 - 76, 22.09.2023

Elif Esra Özmen , Doğan Dolanmaz

Öz

Introduction
The condition characterized through excessive growth of the mandible on the condyle and neck is called condylar hyperplasia
(CH).It is considered as an uncommon malformation. Although the reason of this condition is not known exactly, some etiological
factors have been suggested.These factors are; endocrinal disorders, trauma and local circulatory disorders. When CH is evaluated
clinically, some symptoms such as facial asymmetry, prognathism, crossbite and open bite appear. While the acceleration of
growth in one of the two developing condyles in adolescence period may cause this condition, another reason is enlargement of
the condyle after stopping of skeletal growth. CH should be differentiated from structures such as osteochondroma and osteoma.
During this distinction, the method such as scintigraphy is used in addition to histopathological and radiographic evaluations.
Materials and Methods
An observational study was used to create this report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International Journal of Oral
and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery publications that were available through to the PubMed
database were included in the study.
Results
CH consists of a comprehensive examination and diagnostic methods for correct treatment. Patients often apply for treatment
because of facial asymmetry and related aesthetic problems. Additional research is needed to compose a more standardized
approach to diagnose CH activity

Anahtar Kelimeler

Condylar hyperplasia, Facial asymmetry, Condylectomy

Kaynakça

• 1. Güreser G, Temporomandıbular joınt dısorders. The Eur J of Med. 2003;6(2):37–45.
• 2. Giray B, Aktaş A. Yetişkin hastada kondiler hiperplazi. J Hacettepe Faculty of Dent. 2008;32 (3):45-50.
• 3. Hernáandez-Alfaro F, Escuder Ò. Joint formation between an osteochondroma of the coronoid process and the zygomatic arch (Jacob disease): report of case and review of literature.J of oral maxillofacial surg.2000;58(2):227-32.
• 4. Costa YM, Porporatti AL, Stuginski-Barbosa J. Coronoid process hyperplasia: an unusual cause of mandibular hypomobility. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(3):252–5.
• 5. McLoughlin P, Hopper C. Hyperplasia of the mandibular coronoid process: an analysis of 31 cases and a review of the literature.J of oral and maxillofacial surg.1995;53(3):250-5.
• 6. Kim S, Lee J, Kim H. Mouth opening limitation caused by coronoid hyperplasia: a report of four cases. J of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surg 2014; 40(6): 301-7.
• 7. Raijmakers PG, Karssemakers LHE, Tuinzing DB. Female predominance and effect of gender on unilateral condylar hyperplasia: A review and meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(1).
• 8. Shetty S.Case Report: unilateral condylar hyperplasia. F1000Research 2021;10:46.
• 9. Nitzan D, Katsnelson A, Bermanis I. The clinical characteristics of condylar hyperplasia: experience with 61 patients.Joms.2007;66(2):312-8.
• 10. Almeida L, Zacharias J, Pierce S. Condylar hyperplasia: An updated review of the literature. Korean J of Orthodontics 2015; 45(6): 333-40.
• 11. Wolford L, Movahed R. A classification system for conditions causing condylar hyperplasia. J of oral and maxillofacial surg.2014;72(3):567-95.
• 12. Obwegeser H, Makek M. Hemimandibular hyperplasiahemimandibular elongation.J of maxillofacial surg.1986;14:183-208.
• 13. Bruce R, Hayward J. Condylar hyperplasia and mandibular asymmetry: a review.J Oral Surg.1968;24(4):281-90.
• 14. Larry M.Wolford, PushkarMehra. Efficacy of high condylectomy for management of condylar hyperplasia. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2002;121(2):136–51.
• 15. Slootweg P, Müller H. Condylar hyperplasia. A clinicopathological analysis of 22 cases. J maxillofacial surg.1986;14:209-214.
• 16. Muñoz MF, Monje F, Goizueta C, Rodríguez-Campo F. Active condylar hyperplasia treated by high condylectomy: Report of case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57(12):1455–9.
• 17. Gray R, Sloan P, Quayle A. Histopathological and scintigraphic features of condylar hyperplasia. Int j oral and maxillofacial surg.1990;19(2):65-71.
• 18. Tatlı D, Keles B.Unilateral kondiler hiperplazinin konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi ile değerlendirilmesi:iki olgu sunumu ve literatür derlemesi. J Dent Fac Ataturk Univ. Page 76 2010;3:198-204
• 19. Hansson T, Öberg T, Carlsson GE, Kopp S. Thickness of the soft tissue layers and the articular disk in the temporomandibular joint. Acta Odontol Scand. 1977;35(1):77–83.
• 20. Chen Y, Ke J, Long X, Meng Q. Insulin-like growth factor-1 boosts the developing process of condylar hyperplasia by stimulating chondrocytes proliferation.Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2012;20(4):279-87.
• 21. Saridin CP, Raijmakers PGHM, Kloet RW, Tuinzing DB, Becking AG, Lammertsma AA. No Signs of Metabolic Hyperactivity in Patients With Unilateral Condylar Hyperactivity: An In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67(3):576–81.
• 22. Li QF, Rabie ABM. A new approach to control condylar growth by regulating angiogenesis. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52(11):1009–17.
• 23. Talwar RM, Wong BS, Svoboda K, Harper RP. Effects of Estrogen on Chondrocyte Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis in Skeletally Mature Articular Cartilage. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(4):600–9.
• 24. Yu S, Xing X, Liang S, Ma Z, Li F, Wang M, et al. Locally synthesized estrogen plays an important role in the development of TMD. Med Hypotheses. 2009;72(6):720–2.
• 25. Hodder SC, Rees JIS, Oliver TB. SPECT bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of mandibular condylar hyperplasia. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;38(2):87–93.
• 26. Lopez B, Corral S. Condylar hyperplasıa: characterıstıcs, manıfestatıons, dıagnosıs and treatment. a topıc revıew. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioquia. 2015;26(2):425–46.
• 27. Trıpathı T, Srıvastava D. Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Condylar Hyperplasia. J Clin Orthod. 2019.
• 28. Valente L, Tieghi R, Mandrioli S, Galiè M. Mandibular Condyle Osteoma. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2019;9(2):434.
• 29. Ito FA, De Andrade CR, Vargas PA, Jorge J, Lopes MA. Primary tuberculosis of the oral cavity. Oral Dis. 2005;11(1):50–3.
• 30. Pripatnanont P, Vittayakittipong P, Markmanee U. The use of SPECT to evaluate growth cessation of the mandible in unilateral condylar hyperplasia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(4):364–8.
• 31. Bilgili E. Investigation of Unilateral Mandibular Coronoid Hyperplasia Cases Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Van Med J. 2017.
• 32. Kubota Y, Takenoshita Y, Takamori K. Levandoski panographic analysis in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the coronoid process. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;37(5):409–11.
• 33. Tavassol F, Spalthoff S, Essig H.Elongated coronoid process: CT-based quantitative analysis of the coronoid process and review of literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(3):331–8.
• 34. Kaban LB, Cisneros GJ, Heyman S. Assessment of mandibular growth by skeletal scintigraphy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1982;40(1):18–22.
• 35. Alyamani A, Abuzinada S. Management of patients with condylar hyperplasia: A diverse experience with 18 patients. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2012;2(1):17.
• 36. Yang Z, Reed T, Longino BH. Bone Scintigraphy SPECT/ CT Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia. J Nucl Med Technol. 2016;44(1):49–51.
• 37. Sreeramaneni SK, Chakravarthi PS, Krishna Prasad L. Jacob’s disease: report of a rare case and literature review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(7):753–7.
• 38. S Sembronio, A Tel, F Costa MR. An updated protocol for the treatment of condylar hyperplasia: computer-guided proportional condylectomy. J Oral Maxillofac. 2019 . 39. B.Naini F, A.Donaldson AN. Assessing the influence of asymmeftry affecting the mandible and chin point on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, clinician, and layperson. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(1):192–206.
• 40. Motamedi MHK. Treatment of condylar hyperplasia of the mandible using unilateral ramus osteotomies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;54(10):1161–9.
• 41. Lippold C, Kruse-Losler B, Danesh G. Treatment of hemimandibular hyperplasia: The biological basis of condylectomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;45(5):353– 60.
• 42. Villanueva-Alcojol L, Monje F, González-García R. Hyperplasia of the Mandibular Condyle: Clinical, Histopathologic, and Treatment Considerations in a Series of 36 Patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(2):447–55.
• 43. Yamashita Y, Nakamura Y, Shimada T. Asymmetry of the lips of orthognathic surgery patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;136(4):559–63.
• 44. Gc R, Muralidoss H, Ramaiah S. Conservative management of unilateral condylar hyperplasia. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;16:201-5.
• 45. Xavier SP, de Santana Santos T, Silva ER. Two-Stage Treatment of Facial Asymmetry Caused by Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):257–60.
• 46. Marchetti C, Cocchi R, Gentile L. Hemimandibular hyperplasia: treatment strategies. J Craniofac Surg. 2000;11(1):46–53.
• 47. Deleurant Y, Zimmermann A,Peltomäki T. Hemimandibular elongation: treatment and long-term follow-up. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research.2008;11(3):172-9.
• 48. Matteson SR, Proffit WR, Terry BC. Bone scanning with99mtechnetium phosphate to assess condylar hyperplasia: Report of two cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985;60(4):356–67.
• 49. Sugawara Y, Hirabayashi S-I, Susami T. The Treatment of Hemimandibular Hyperplasia Preserving Enlarged Condylar Head. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial J. 2002;39(6):646– 54.
• 50. Olate S, Netto HD, Rodriguez-Chessa J. Mandible condylar hyperplasia: a review of diagnosis and treatment protocol. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013.
• 51. Cervelli V, Bottini DJ, Arpino A. Hypercondylia: Problems in diagnosis and therapeutic indications. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19(2):406–10.