Optical View of a Merging Galaxy Cluster: Abell 2254

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 434 - 440, 31.12.2021

Ebru Aktekin Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1003968

Öz

We present here the optical observations of a merging galaxy cluster (z=0.178) Abell 2254 (A2254) observed by the TÜBİTAK- RTT150 Telescope in Antalya, Turkey. Its integrated CCD imaging results are reported. B, V, and R brightness values are revealed for each member of the cluster, for the first time. We present the Color Magnitude Diagram of A2254 for all galaxies. We found that the number of red galaxies is more than blue galaxies. We have obtained the galaxy luminosity function (GLF) using the B band data. Here, we aim to analyze the effects of major cluster mergers on galaxy properties for better understanding. We have seen that the GLF of Abell 2254 can be fitted with a single Schechter function in the B band. The best-fitting parameters of the Schechter function are the characteristic absolute magnitude in the B band M_B^*=〖19,67〗_(-0,96)^(+0,84) mag, and the slope at the faint end of the GLF α=〖-1,29〗_(-0,34)^(+0,23) for galaxies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 2254, galaxies: clusters. Galaxies:photometry, Luminosity function-galaxies-statistics., Galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 2254, galaxies: clusters. Galaxies:photometry, Luminosity function-galaxies-statistics.

Proje Numarası

15BRTT150-869

Teşekkür

We thank TUBİTAK-TUG for their support in using RTT150 (Russian-Turkish Telescope) for our observations performed through Project number 15BRTT150-869.

Birleşen Galaksi Kümesine Optik Bakış: Abell 2254

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Antalya, Türkiye'de TÜBİTAK-RTT150 Teleskopu tarafından gözlemlenen birleşen gökada kümesinin (z=0.178) Abell 2254 (A2254) optik gözlemlerini sunuyoruz. Birleştirilmiş CCD görüntü sonuçları rapor edilmiştir. İlk kez kümenin her bir üyesi için B, V ve R parlaklık değerlerini belirledik. Kümeye ait tüm galaksiler için Renk Parlaklık Şemasını sunuyoruz. Kırmızı galaksilerin sayısının mavi galaksilerden daha fazla olduğu sonucunu bulduk. B band verilerini kullanarak gökada parlaklık fonksiyonunu (GLF) elde ettik. Burada amacımız büyük küme birleşmesinin galaksi özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini daha iyi anlamak için analiz etmektir. Abell 2254'ün GLF'sinin B bandında bir Schechter fonksiyonu ile uyduğu görüldü. Schechter fonksiyonunun en uygun parametreleri, B bandındaki karakteristik mutlak büyüklük M_B^*=〖19,67〗_(-0,96)^(+0,84) mag ve sönük uçtaki eğim α=〖-1,29〗_(-0,34)^(+0,23) bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Galaksiler: kümeler: Özel: Abell 2254, Galaksiler: Kümeler: Fotometri, Işınım gücü fonksiyonu, Galaksiler: Kümeler: Fotometri,Işınım gücü fonksiyonu, galaksiler-istatistik.

Proje Numarası

15BRTT150-869

Kaynakça

• Abell G. O., Corwin R. P., and Olowin, R. P. (1989) A Catalog of Rich Clusters of Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement,70, 1–138. https://doi.org/10.1086/191333
• Adami, C., Durret, F., Mazure, A., Pello, R., Picat, J. P., West, M., and Meneux, B., (2007) Spatial variations of the optical galaxy luminosity functions and red sequences in the Coma cluster: clues to its assembly history, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 462, 411-427, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065848
• Andreon, S., (2001), Deep Near‐Infrared Luminosity Function of a Cluster of Galaxies atz = 0.3, The Astrophysical Journal, 547, 623–634, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/318381
• Barkhouse W. A., Yee H. K. C., L´opez-Cruz O., (2007), The Red-Sequence Luminosity Function in Galaxy Clusters since z ~ 1, The Astrophysical Journal, 671, 1471. https://doi.org/10.1086/524398
• Baum, S. A. (1959) Population Inferences from Star Counts, Surface Brightness and Colors, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 71, 106-117, https://doi.org/10.1086/127346
• Bertin E., and Arnouts, S, (1996) SExtractor: Software for source extraction, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, 117, 393-404, https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996164
• Blanton, E. L, Sarazin, C. L., and Irwin, J. A. (2001) Diffuse Gas and Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Chandra Observation of the S0 Galaxy NGC 1553. Astrophysical Journal, 552, 1, 106-119. https://doi.org/10.1086/320461
• Boué, G., Adami, C., Durret, F., Mamon, G. A. , Cayatte, V., (2008) The galaxy luminosity function of the Abell 496 cluster and its spatial variations, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 479, 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20077723
• Caglar, T. & Hudaverdi, M. (2017), XMM–Newton view of X-ray overdensities from nearby galaxy clusters: the environmental dependencies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471, 4990–5007, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1811
• Canizares C. R., Fabbiano G., and Trinchieri G. (1987) Properties of the X-Ray Emitting Gas in Early-Type Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal,312. 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1086/164896
• Crawford, C. S., Edge, A. C., Fabian, A. C., Allen, S. W., Bohringer, H., Ebeling, H., McMahon, R. G., and Voges, W. (1995) Optical spectroscopy of the ROSAT X-ray brightest clusters – II, Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Society, 274, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/274.1.75
• De Propris, R., Colless, M., Driver, S. P., et al. (2003), The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the luminosity function of cluster galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 342, 3, 725–737, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06510.x
• Drory, N., Bender, R., Feulner, G., Hopp, U., Maraston, C., Snigula, J., and Hill, G. J. (2003) The Munich Near‐Infrared Cluster Survey. II. TheK‐Band Luminosity Function of Field Galaxies toz∼ 1.2, The Astrophysical Journal, 595, 698–711, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/377497
• Durret, F., Adami, C., Cappi,A., et al. (2011), Galaxy cluster searches based on photometric redshifts in the four CFHTLS Wide fields, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 535, 65-80, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116985
• Ebeling, H., Voges, W., Bohringer, H., Edge, A.C., Huchra J. P. and Briel U. G (1996) Properties of the X-ray-brightest Abell-type clusters of galaxies (XBACs) from ROSAT All-Sky Survey data - I. The sample., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 281, 799-829. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/281.3.799
• Ellis S. C., and O'Sullivan E. (2006) Correlations of near-infrared, optical and X-ray luminosity for early-type galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 367, 627–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09982.x
• Faber S. M., (1973), Variations in Spectral-Energy Distributions and Absorption-Line Strengths among Elliptical Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal, 179, 731-754, https://doi.org/10.1086/151912
• Fabian, A.C. (1988) Theory of Intracluster Gas Hot Thin Plasmas in Astrophysics. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at Cargese, Corsica, September 8-18, 1987, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988, edited by R. Pallavicini. NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Series C, 249, p.293.
• Feng, L., Peng-fei, Y., and Qi-rong Y., (2014) Luminosity Function of The Galaxy Cluster Abell 85, Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 38, Issue 3, p. 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2014.07.003
• Gallazzi, A., Charlot, S., Brinchmann J., and White, S. D. M., (2006), Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-σV relations, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 370, 1106-1124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10548.x
• Gilfanov M. (2004) Low-mass X-ray binaries as a stellar-mass indicator for the host galaxy, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,349.146–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07473.x
• Girardi M., Bardelli S., Barrena R., Boschin W., Gastaldello F., and Nonino M., (2011) Internal dynamics of Abell 2254: a merging galaxy cluster with a clumpy, diffuse radio emission. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 536, 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117332
• Girardi M. Barrena R. and Boschin W (2012) Merging clusters of the DARC sample: studying the formation of galaxy clusters. in “Growing-up at High Redshift: From Proto-clusters to Galaxy Clusters”. Posters from the Conference held in Sept (2012) Madrid-Spain. http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=CONF2011&page=CLUSTERS2012
• Kodama T., and Arimoto N., (1997), Origin of the colour-magnitude relation of elliptical galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 320, 41-53
• Kodama T., Bower R. G., and Bell E. F.,(1999), The colour±magnitude relation of early-type galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 306, 561-566, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02542.x
• Lehmer, B. D., Brandt, W. N., Alexander, D. M., Bell, E. F., Mc Intosh D. H., Bauer, F. E., Hasinger, G., Mainieri V., Miyaji, T., Schneider, D. P. and Steffen, A. T. (2007) The X-Ray Evolution of Early–Type Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field–South. The Astrophysical Journal, 657, 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1086/511297
• Mahdavi A. and Geller M. J. (2001) The LX-σ Relation for Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, 554. 129–132.https://doi.org/10.1086/321710
• Massarotti, M. Busarello, G., La Barbera, F., Merluzzi, P., (2003), UV-NIR restframe luminosity functions of the galaxy cluster EIS 0048 at z ~0.64, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 404, 75-81, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030473
• Monet, D., et al. (1998) VizieR Online Data Catalog: A catalogue of astrometric standards. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues, 1252, 0
• O’Sullivan E., Forbes D. A., and Ponman T. J. (2001) A catalogue and analysis of X-ray luminosities of early-type galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 328, 461–484. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04890.x
• Press W. H., and Schechter P.,(1974) Formation of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies by Self-Similar Gravitational Condensation Show affiliations, Astrophysical Journal, 187, 425-435, https://doi.org/10.1086/152650
• Randall, S. W., Sarazin, C. L., and Irwin, J. A. (2006) XMM-Newton Observation of Diffuse Gas and Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4649 (M60). Astrophysical Journal, 636, 1, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1086/497977
• Sarazin, C.L. (1986) X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies. Reviews of Modern Physics. 58, 1-116 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.58.1
• Sarazin, C.L. (1988) X-Ray Emissions from Clusters of Galaxies. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 252 pp.
• Sarazin, C.L. (1992) The Intracluster Medium ed. A. C. Fabian (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2482-9
• Schechter P.,(1976) An analytic expression for the luminosity function for galaxies., Astrophysical Journal, 203, 297-306 https://doi.org/10.1086/154079
• Schindler, S., and Müller, E. (1993) Simulations of the evolution of galaxy clusters. II. Dynamics of the intra-cluster gas. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 272, 137-152
• Smith, R. K. Brickhouse, N. S., Liedahl, D. A. and Raymond, J. C. (2001) Collisional Plasma Models with APEC/APED: emission-line Diagnostics of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like Ions, The Astrophysical Journal, 556, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1086/322992
• Struble, M. F., and Rood, H. J. (1987), A Compilation of Redshifts and Velocity Dispersions for Abell Clusters, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 63, 543-553, https://doi.org/10.1086/191173
• Worthey G., (1994), Comprehensive Stellar Population Models and the Disentanglement of Age and Metallicity Effects, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 95, 107 -149 https://doi.org/10.1086/192096