A Benchmark for Feature-injection Architectures in Image Captioning

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 461 - 468, 31.12.2021

Rumeysa Keskin , Özkan Çaylı , Özge Taylan Moral , Volkan Kılıç , Aytuğ Onan

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1013329

Cited By: 6

Öz

Describing an image with a grammatically and semantically correct sentence, known as image captioning, has been improved significantly with recent advances in computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) communities. The integration of these communities leads to the development of feature-injection architectures, which define how extracted features are used in captioning. In this paper, a benchmark of feature-injection architectures that utilize CV and NLP techniques is reported for encoder-decoder based captioning. Benchmark evaluations include Inception-v3 convolutional neural network to extract image features in the encoder while the feature-injection architectures such as init-inject, pre-inject, par-inject and merge are applied with a multi-layer gated recurrent unit (GRU) to generate captions in the decoder. Architectures have been evaluated extensively on the MSCOCO dataset across eight performance metrics. It has been concluded that the init-inject architecture with 3-layer GRU outperforms the other architectures in terms of captioning accuracy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Convolutional Neural Network, Feature-injection Architectures, Gated Recurrent Unit

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

120N995

Teşekkür

This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)-British Council (The Newton-Katip Celebi Fund Institutional Links, Turkey-UK project: 120N995).

Görüntü Altyazılamada Öznitelik Enjeksiyon Mimarileri için Bir Kıyaslama

Öz

Görüntü altyazılama olarak bilinen, bir görüntüyü dilbilgisel ve anlamsal olarak doğru bir cümle olarak tanımlama, bilgisayarlı görme ve doğal dil işleme alanlarındaki son gelişmelerle birlikte önemli ölçüde ilerlemiştir. Bu iki alanın birleştirilmesi, çıkarılan özniteliklerin altyazı oluşturmada nasıl kullanılacağını tanımlayan öznitelik enjeksiyon mimarisinin geliştirilmesine öncülük etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bilgisayarlı görme ve doğal dil işleme tekniklerini kodlayıcı-kod çözücü tabanlı görüntü altyazılamada kullanan öznitelik enjeksiyon mimarilerinin bir karşılaştırılması raporlanmaktadır. Kıyaslama değerlendirmelerinde, Inception-v3 evrişimsel sinir ağı, kodlayıcıda görüntü özniteliklerini çıkarmak için kullanılırken; init-inject, pre-inject, par-inject ve merge gibi öznitelik enjeksiyon mimarileri altyazı üretmek için çok katmanlı kapılı tekrarlayan birim ile kod çözücüde uygulanmaktadır. Mimariler sekiz performans metriği ile MSCOCO veri kümesi üzerinde kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. 3 katmanlı GRU ile init-inject mimarisinin altyazı doğruluğu açısından diğer mimarilerden daha iyi performans gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları, Öznitelik Enjeksiyon Mimarileri, Kapılı Tekrarlayan Birim

Proje Numarası

120N995

Kaynakça

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