Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Kırsala Olan Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri ve Sosyal Kabulü

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 223 - 231, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.958695

Öz

Rüzgâr enerjisi insanların gözünde kayda değer bir desteğe sahip olmakla birlikte rüzgâr enerjisi santrallerinin (RES) aynı desteği gördüğünü söylemek mümkün değildir. Devlet ve girişimciler yenilenebilir enerji ile ilgili yatırımlarda bölgesel tepkiler ile karşılaşabilmektedirler. Bu araştırmada Aydın’ın Koçarlı ilçesinde bulunan Bağarası Rüzgâr Enerji Santrali’ne yönelik olarak yerel halkın düşüncelerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2019 yılında yüz yüze anket ve görüşmeler ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve verilen hesaplanmasında SPSS22 programından faydalanılmıştır. Bulgular yöre halkının RES’lerden kalan alanda tarım ve hayvancılığa devam edebildiklerini, RES’lerin gayrimenkul değerlerini etkilemediğini ancak RES’lerin bölgede kayda değer bir ekonomik hareketlenme yaratmadığını, özellikle bölgenin istihdam yaratma suretiyle işsizlik sorununa çözüm bulmadığını göstermiştir. Dolayısı ile yerel halk bölgede daha fazla rüzgâr türbinlerinin kurulmasını desteklememektedir. RES’lerle ilgili ortaya çıkabilecek çatışmalara çözüm getirebilmek için yer seçimi ve tasarım sürecinde yerel çevresel ve sosyo-ekonomik öncelikler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. RES yatırımları ile yerel peyzajın korunması arasındaki denge sağlanmalı ve denetlenmelidir. RES yatırımları için yerel toplumum bakış açısını dikkate alan katılımcı planlama ve karar verme süreçleri oluşturulmalıdır. RES'lerin olası çevresel etkileri yanında sosyo-ekonomik etkileri de Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi (ÇED) yönetmeliklerine dâhil edilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Bell, D., Gray, T. & Haggett, C. (2005). The ‘social gap’ in wind farm siting decisions: explanations and policy responses. Environmental Politics, 14 (4): 460–477.
  • Bolinger, M. & Wiser, R., (2009). Wind power price trends in the United States: struggling to remain competitive in the face of strong growth. Energy Policy, 37 (3): 1061–1071.
  • Brannstrom, C., Jepson, W. & Persons, N. (2011). Social perspectives on wind-power development in west Texas. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101 (4): 839–851.
  • Brown, J.P.,Pender, J., Wiser, R., Lantz, E. & Hoen, B. (2012). Ex post analysis of economic impacts from wind power development in U.S. counties. Energy Economics, 34: 1743–1754.
  • Burningham, K. Barnett, J. & Thrush, D. (2007). The limitations of the NIMBY concept for understanding public engagement with renewable energy technologies: a literature review. Manchester: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, M.R. (2010). A Clean Energy Economy for North Dakota: Analysis of the Rural Economic Development Potential of Renewable Resources. Natural Resources Defense Council.
  • Ekşi, A., Kantarlı, İ.C., Yalçın, F.A. & Kirazlı, G., (2019). Enerji yatırımlarında sosyal kabulü etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Strategic Public Management Journal, 5 (10): 63-77
  • Enerji Atlası, (2021). Aydın Elektrik Santralleri. https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/ruzgar/bagarasi-res.html Eren, Z., Budak, D.B., (2012). Kırsal alanda yaşayan bireylerin rüzgâr enerji santralleri hakkındaki düşünceleri: Hatay İli örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28 (1): 91-100.
  • Fıçıcı, F. (2008). Rüzgâr enerji sistemlerinin çevresel yönden incelenmesi. Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 3: 49-55.
  • George, D. Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston.
  • Guo, Y., Ru, P., Su, J. & Anadon, L.D. (2015). Not in my backyard, but not far away from me: Local acceptance of wind power in China, Energy, 82: 722–733.
  • Hattam, C., Hooper, T. & Beaumont, N. (2015). Public perceptions of offshore wind farms. The Crown Estate, ISBN: 978-1-906410-66-7
  • Hoen, B. (2006). Impacts of windmill visibility on property values in Madison County, New York, Bard College-Bard Center for Environmental Policy, New York, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmamış).
  • Jobert, A. Laborgne, P. & Mimler, S, (2007). Local acceptance of wind energy: factors of success identified in French and German case studies. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2751-2760.
  • Johansson, M., & Laike, T. (2007). Intention to respond to local wind turbines: the role of attitudes and visual perception. Wind Energy, 10: 435-451.
  • Jones, C.R., & Eiser, J.R. (2010). Understanding ‘local’ opposition to wind development in the UK: how big is a backyard? Energy Policy, 38 (6): 3106-3117.
  • Kalaycı Önaç, A., Aktaş, E., Balık, G. & Birişçi, T., (2017). Rüzgâr enerji santralleri hakkında yerel halkın görüşleri üzerine bir araştırma, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5 (60): 306-320.
  • Kontogianni, A., Tourkolias, C., Skourtos, M. & Damigos, D., (2014). Planning globally, protesting locally: Patterns in community perceptions towards the installation of wind farms. Renewable Energy, 66: 170-176.
  • Leistritz, F.L., & Coon, R.C. (2009). Socioeconomic Impacts of Developing Wind Energy in the Great Plains. Great Plains Research, 19(1): 3-12.
  • Moula, M.M.E., Maula, J., Hamdy, M., Fang, T., Jung, N., Lahdelma, R., (2013). Researching social acceptability of renewable energy technologies in Finland,. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2 (1), 89-98.
  • Mulvaney, K.K., Woodson, P., Prokopy, L.S., (2013). A tale of three counties: Understanding wind development in the rural Midwestern United States. Energy Policy, 56: 322 - 330. Munday, M., Bristow, G., & Cowell, R., (2011). Wind farms in rural areas: How far do community benefits from wind farms represent a local economic development opportunity? Journal of Rural Studies, 27 (1): 1-12.
  • Palabıyık, H., Kara M, (2015). Rüzgar enerji santralleri ve halkın kabulü: Çanakkale-Erenköy örneği. 1. Uluslararası Avrasya Enerji Sorunları Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Yayın No: 3, pp. 293-309.
  • Pedersen, E. & Persson Waye, K. (2007). Wind turbine noise, annoyance and self-reported health and well-being in different living environments. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 64(7):480-486.
  • Slattery, M.C., Johnson, B.L., Swofford, J.A. & Pasqualetti, M.J, (2012). The predominance of economic development in the support for large-scale wind farms in the U.S. Great Plains. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16 (6): 3690–3701.
  • Sunak Y, Madlener R, 2016. The impact of wind farm visibility on property values: A spatial difference-in-differences analysis, Energy Economics, 55: 79-91.
  • Swofford J, Slattery M, 2010. Public attitudes of wind energy in Texas: local communities in close proximity to wind farms and their effect on decision-making. Energy Policy, 38 (5): 2508–2519.
  • Taşkın, E., Yılmaz, M., & Kılıç, Ç. (2020). Rüzgâr Enerji Santrallerinin Ekonomik Etkileri ve Sosyal Kabul: Mucur Örneği. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 18 (2): 296 – 319.
  • van der Horst, D., (2007). NIMBY or not? Exploring the relevance of location and the politics of voiced opinions in renewable energy siting controversies. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2705–2714.
  • Warren, C., & Birnie, R., (2009). Re-powering Scotland: wind farms and the ‘energy or environment?’ Debate. Scottish Geographical Journal, 125 (2): 97–126.
  • Warren, C.R., Lumsden, C., O’Dowd, S. & Birnie, R.V., (2005). Green on green: public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 48 (6): 853–875.
  • Warren, C.R., & McFadyen, M., (2010). 'Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland', Land Use Policy, 27 (2), 204-213.
  • Wolsink, M., (2007a). Planning of renewables schemes. Deliberative and fair decisionmaking on landscape issues instead of reproachful accusations of non-cooperation. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2692-2704.
  • Wolsink, M., (2007b). Wind power implementation: the nature of public attitudes: equity and fairness instead of ‘backyard motives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 11 (6): 1188–1207.
  • Wüstenhage, R., Wolsink, M., Bürer, M., (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: an introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2683-2691.
  • Yiğit, M.E. & Akpınar M.E. (2021). Rüzgar Türbin Kulesi Alternatiflerinin Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Değerlendirilmesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (23), 386-393.
  • Yang WY, (1964). Zirai İşletmecilikte Tetkik ve Araştırma Metotları, E. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Matbaası (Çeviren: Metin Talim), İzmir.
  • Yuan, X., Zuo, J., Huisingh, D., (2015). Social acceptance of wind power: a case study of Shandong Province, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 92: 168-178.
  • Zerrahn, A., (2017). Wind power and externalities. Ecological Economics, 141: 245–260.

Socio-Economic Effects and Social Acceptance of Wind Power Plants in The Rural Settlements

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 223 - 231, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.958695

Öz

Wind energy has been recognized as one of the most environmentally harmless sources of electricity generation. Although wind energy has significantly supported people, it is not possible to claim that wind power development (WPD) receives the same support. Government and entrepreneurs may encounter regional oppositions in investments related to renewable energy. This study aimed to determine the local people's opposition to the Bağarası Wind Power Plant located in Koçarlı District of Aydın. The research was carried out with face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire in 2019. the SPSS22 program was used for the calculation of the data. The findings indicate that local people can continue agriculture and animal husbandry in the area left from WPDs, WPDs do not affect their real estate value. However, the results also showed that WPDs did not create a significant economic activity in the region. They did not create employment and did not solve the region's unemployment problem. Therefore, the local people do not support the installation of further wind turbines in their local area. Local environmental and socioeconomic priorities should be taken into account in the site selection and design process to resolve conflicts that may arise regarding WPDs. The balance between WPD investments and the protection of the local landscape should be ensured and monitored. Participatory planning and decision-making processes that take into account the local community perspective should also be established. The socioeconomic impacts of WPDs, besides their potential environmental impacts, should be included in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations.

Kaynakça

  • Bell, D., Gray, T. & Haggett, C. (2005). The ‘social gap’ in wind farm siting decisions: explanations and policy responses. Environmental Politics, 14 (4): 460–477.
  • Bolinger, M. & Wiser, R., (2009). Wind power price trends in the United States: struggling to remain competitive in the face of strong growth. Energy Policy, 37 (3): 1061–1071.
  • Brannstrom, C., Jepson, W. & Persons, N. (2011). Social perspectives on wind-power development in west Texas. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101 (4): 839–851.
  • Brown, J.P.,Pender, J., Wiser, R., Lantz, E. & Hoen, B. (2012). Ex post analysis of economic impacts from wind power development in U.S. counties. Energy Economics, 34: 1743–1754.
  • Burningham, K. Barnett, J. & Thrush, D. (2007). The limitations of the NIMBY concept for understanding public engagement with renewable energy technologies: a literature review. Manchester: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, M.R. (2010). A Clean Energy Economy for North Dakota: Analysis of the Rural Economic Development Potential of Renewable Resources. Natural Resources Defense Council.
  • Ekşi, A., Kantarlı, İ.C., Yalçın, F.A. & Kirazlı, G., (2019). Enerji yatırımlarında sosyal kabulü etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Strategic Public Management Journal, 5 (10): 63-77
  • Enerji Atlası, (2021). Aydın Elektrik Santralleri. https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/ruzgar/bagarasi-res.html Eren, Z., Budak, D.B., (2012). Kırsal alanda yaşayan bireylerin rüzgâr enerji santralleri hakkındaki düşünceleri: Hatay İli örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28 (1): 91-100.
  • Fıçıcı, F. (2008). Rüzgâr enerji sistemlerinin çevresel yönden incelenmesi. Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 3: 49-55.
  • George, D. Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston.
  • Guo, Y., Ru, P., Su, J. & Anadon, L.D. (2015). Not in my backyard, but not far away from me: Local acceptance of wind power in China, Energy, 82: 722–733.
  • Hattam, C., Hooper, T. & Beaumont, N. (2015). Public perceptions of offshore wind farms. The Crown Estate, ISBN: 978-1-906410-66-7
  • Hoen, B. (2006). Impacts of windmill visibility on property values in Madison County, New York, Bard College-Bard Center for Environmental Policy, New York, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmamış).
  • Jobert, A. Laborgne, P. & Mimler, S, (2007). Local acceptance of wind energy: factors of success identified in French and German case studies. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2751-2760.
  • Johansson, M., & Laike, T. (2007). Intention to respond to local wind turbines: the role of attitudes and visual perception. Wind Energy, 10: 435-451.
  • Jones, C.R., & Eiser, J.R. (2010). Understanding ‘local’ opposition to wind development in the UK: how big is a backyard? Energy Policy, 38 (6): 3106-3117.
  • Kalaycı Önaç, A., Aktaş, E., Balık, G. & Birişçi, T., (2017). Rüzgâr enerji santralleri hakkında yerel halkın görüşleri üzerine bir araştırma, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5 (60): 306-320.
  • Kontogianni, A., Tourkolias, C., Skourtos, M. & Damigos, D., (2014). Planning globally, protesting locally: Patterns in community perceptions towards the installation of wind farms. Renewable Energy, 66: 170-176.
  • Leistritz, F.L., & Coon, R.C. (2009). Socioeconomic Impacts of Developing Wind Energy in the Great Plains. Great Plains Research, 19(1): 3-12.
  • Moula, M.M.E., Maula, J., Hamdy, M., Fang, T., Jung, N., Lahdelma, R., (2013). Researching social acceptability of renewable energy technologies in Finland,. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2 (1), 89-98.
  • Mulvaney, K.K., Woodson, P., Prokopy, L.S., (2013). A tale of three counties: Understanding wind development in the rural Midwestern United States. Energy Policy, 56: 322 - 330. Munday, M., Bristow, G., & Cowell, R., (2011). Wind farms in rural areas: How far do community benefits from wind farms represent a local economic development opportunity? Journal of Rural Studies, 27 (1): 1-12.
  • Palabıyık, H., Kara M, (2015). Rüzgar enerji santralleri ve halkın kabulü: Çanakkale-Erenköy örneği. 1. Uluslararası Avrasya Enerji Sorunları Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Yayın No: 3, pp. 293-309.
  • Pedersen, E. & Persson Waye, K. (2007). Wind turbine noise, annoyance and self-reported health and well-being in different living environments. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 64(7):480-486.
  • Slattery, M.C., Johnson, B.L., Swofford, J.A. & Pasqualetti, M.J, (2012). The predominance of economic development in the support for large-scale wind farms in the U.S. Great Plains. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16 (6): 3690–3701.
  • Sunak Y, Madlener R, 2016. The impact of wind farm visibility on property values: A spatial difference-in-differences analysis, Energy Economics, 55: 79-91.
  • Swofford J, Slattery M, 2010. Public attitudes of wind energy in Texas: local communities in close proximity to wind farms and their effect on decision-making. Energy Policy, 38 (5): 2508–2519.
  • Taşkın, E., Yılmaz, M., & Kılıç, Ç. (2020). Rüzgâr Enerji Santrallerinin Ekonomik Etkileri ve Sosyal Kabul: Mucur Örneği. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 18 (2): 296 – 319.
  • van der Horst, D., (2007). NIMBY or not? Exploring the relevance of location and the politics of voiced opinions in renewable energy siting controversies. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2705–2714.
  • Warren, C., & Birnie, R., (2009). Re-powering Scotland: wind farms and the ‘energy or environment?’ Debate. Scottish Geographical Journal, 125 (2): 97–126.
  • Warren, C.R., Lumsden, C., O’Dowd, S. & Birnie, R.V., (2005). Green on green: public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 48 (6): 853–875.
  • Warren, C.R., & McFadyen, M., (2010). 'Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland', Land Use Policy, 27 (2), 204-213.
  • Wolsink, M., (2007a). Planning of renewables schemes. Deliberative and fair decisionmaking on landscape issues instead of reproachful accusations of non-cooperation. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2692-2704.
  • Wolsink, M., (2007b). Wind power implementation: the nature of public attitudes: equity and fairness instead of ‘backyard motives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 11 (6): 1188–1207.
  • Wüstenhage, R., Wolsink, M., Bürer, M., (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: an introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35 (5): 2683-2691.
  • Yiğit, M.E. & Akpınar M.E. (2021). Rüzgar Türbin Kulesi Alternatiflerinin Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Değerlendirilmesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (23), 386-393.
  • Yang WY, (1964). Zirai İşletmecilikte Tetkik ve Araştırma Metotları, E. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Matbaası (Çeviren: Metin Talim), İzmir.
  • Yuan, X., Zuo, J., Huisingh, D., (2015). Social acceptance of wind power: a case study of Shandong Province, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 92: 168-178.
  • Zerrahn, A., (2017). Wind power and externalities. Ecological Economics, 141: 245–260.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İsmail Bülent Gürbüz 0000-0001-5340-3725

Gülay Özkan 0000-0001-6878-1673

Şeniz Korkmaz 0000-0001-5779-9499

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürbüz, İ. B., Özkan, G., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2021). Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Kırsala Olan Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri ve Sosyal Kabulü. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(31), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.958695