Yağmur Suyu Hasadının Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Kütüphane Binasında Uygulanabilirliğinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 52, 176 - 182, 15.12.2023

Arife Şimşek , Gökhan Demir

Öz

Sınırlı su temini ve iklim değişikliği ile birlikte artan su ihtiyacı, küresel olarak suya erişim zorluklarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Artan su talebi ile sınırlı su kaynakları arasındaki dengesizliği gidermek için sürdürülebilir su yönetim sistemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Yenilenebilir bir kaynak olarak yağmur suyu, bu amaca ulaşılması için büyük bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, önemli bir sürdürülebilir su yönetimi stratejisi olan yağmur suyu hasadı (YSH) na odaklanmaktadır ve YSH'nın üniversite ölçeğinde dış mekan sulama talebini karşılama kapasitesini değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu kapsamda 3017 m2 çatı alanı olan Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Merkez Kütüphanesi binasına uygulanacak YSH sisteminin sulama amaçlı kullanım kapasitesi hesaplanmıştır. Yıllık 1754 m3 yağmur suyunun kütüphane çatısından sağlanabileceği, yıllık 5186 m3 yıllık su ihtiyacının bu yağmur suyundan karşılanabileceği, bu hesaba göre Kütüphane binasının çevresinde bulunan ekilebilir alanlar ve seralar için gerekli olan yıllık su ihtiyacının %33,8 inin yağmur suyu hasadı ile sağlanabileceği bulunmuştur. Yapılan maliyet analizine göre toplam 362875 TL ekipman maliyeti sistemin çalışması durumunda 8,7 yıl içerisinde geri ödeme sağlamış olacaktır. Çalışma sonuçlarına paralel olarak Yağmur suyu hasadı kentsel su yönetimi, güvenli su arzı ve sürdürülebilir su planlaması için önemli derecede katkı sağlamaktadır; bu nedenle devlet kurumları ve yerel yönetimler tarafından gerekli desteğin sağlanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Su yönetimi, Sürdürülebilirlik, Yağmur suyu hasadı, Water management, Sustainability, Rainwater harvesting

Investigation of the Applicability of Rainwater Harvesting in Ondokuz Mayıs University Library Building

Öz

Limited water supply and increasing water demand with climate change bring along the challenges of accessing water globally. Sustainable water direction systems are required to address the imbalance between increasing water demand and restricted water resources. As a renewable resource, rainwater offers great potential to achieve this goal. This study focus on rainwater harvesting (RWH), an important sustainable water direction strategy, and aims to evaluate the capacity of RWH to meet outdoor irrigation demand at university scale. In this context, the irrigation capacity of the RWH system to be applied to the Ondokuz Mayıs University Central Library building, which has a roof area of 3017 m2, has been calculated. It has been found that 1754 m3 of rain water per year can be obtained from the roof of the library, that the annual water need of 5186 m3 can be met from this rainwater, and according to this calculation, 33.8% of the annual water need for the arable fields and greenhouses around the Library building can be met by rainwater harvesting. According to the cost analysis, a total equipment cost of 362875 TL will be paid back in 8.7 years if the system works. In parallel with the results of the study, rainwater harvesting makes a significant contribution to urban water management, safe water supply and sustainable water planning; for this reason, it is recommended to provide the necessary support by state institutions and local administrations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Water management, Sustainability, Rainwater harvesting

Kaynakça

• Abu-Zreig, M., Hazaymeh, A., & Shatanawi, M. (2013). Evaluation of residential rainfall harvesting systems in Jordan. Urban Water Journal, 10, 105–111. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1573062X.2012.709255
• Ahammed, F., Hewa, G.A. Argue, J.R. (2014). Variability of annual daily maximum rainfall of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Atmos. Res. 137 (2014) 176–182.
• Ali, S., Zhang, S., & Yue, T. (2020). Environmental and economic assessment of rainwater harvesting systems under five climatic conditions of Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 259, 120–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120829
• Alim, M. A., Ashraf, A. A., Rahman, A., Tao, Z., Roy, R., Khan, M. M. & Shirin, S. (2021). Experimental investigation of an integrated rainwaterharvesting unit for drinking water production at the household level. J. Water Process Eng. 44, 102318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102318
• Bashar, M.Z.I., Karim, M.R., Imteaz, M.A. (2018). Reliability and economic analysis of urban rainwater harvesting: a comparative study within six major cities of Bangladesh. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 133, 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. resconrec.2018.01.025.
• Chiu, Y. R., Liaw, C. H., & Chen, L. C. (2009). Optimizing rainwater harvesting systems as an innovative approach to saving energy in hilly communities. Renew Energy, 34(3), 492–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.06.016
• Custodio, D.A., Ghisi, E., (2019). Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City, vol. 11. Water, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102074
• Custódio, D.A. and Ghisi, E. (2023) Impact of Residential Rainwater Harvesting on Stormwater Runoff. Journal of Environmental Management 326 116814.http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4198801
• Dadhich, G., & Mathur, P. (2016). A GIS based Analysis for Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting. International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology, 7(4), 129-143.
• Eren B., Aygün A., Likos S. ve Damar A.İ. (2016). Yağmur Suyu Hasadı: Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüs Örneği. International Symposium on İnnovative Technologies in Engineering and Science (ISITES), 3-5 November, Antalya.
• Falkenmark, M., Widstrand, C. (1992). Population and Water Resources: A Delicate Balance. Population Bulletin, Population Reference Bureau.
• Fewkes, A. (1999) The use of rainwater for wc flushing: the field testing of a collection system, Build. Environ. 34 (6) 765–772, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360- 1323(98)00063-8.
• Ghenai, C., Kabakebji, D. Douba, I, Yassin, A. (2021) Performance analysis and optimization of hybrid multi-effect distillation adsorption desalination system powered with solar thermal energy for high salinity seawater, Energy 215, 119212.
• Ghisi, E., Bressan, DL., & Martini, M. (2007). Rainwater tank capacity and potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of southeastern Brazil. Journal Building and Environment, 42, 1654–1666.
• Guizani, M. (2016). Storm Water harvesting in Saudi Arabia: a multipurpose water management alternative. Water Resources Management, 30, 1819–1833. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11269-016-1255-4
• Imteaz, M. A., Ahsan, A., & Shanableh, A. (2013). Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks using daily water balance model: Variations within a large city. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 77, 37–43.
• IPCC (2019). Summary for Policymakers — Special Report on Climate Change and Land [WWW Document]. URL. https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/summary-for-poli cymakers/. Erişim tarihi: 10.12.22
• Islam, M., Akber, M., Rahman, M., Kabir, M. (2019) Evaluation of harvested rainwater quality at primary schools of southwest coastal Bangladesh, Environ. Monit. Assess. 191 (2) 1–12.
• Jamal A.H.M.S.I.M., Tarek Y.A., Siddique M.A.B., Shaikh M.A.A., Debnath S.C., Uddin M.R., Ahmed S., Akbor M.A., Al-Mansur M.A., Islam A.R.M.T, Khan R., Moniruzzaman M., Sultana S. (2023) Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon. 18;9(1):e13027. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13027
• Jing, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2017). Assessing efficiency and economic viability of rainwater harvesting systems for meeting non-potable water demands in four climatic zones of China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 126, 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.027
• Kalıpcı, E., Başer, V. Genç, N. (2021). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Kullanarak Yağmur Suyu Hasadının Değerlendirilmesi: Giresun Üniversitesi Kampüs Örneği. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 10 (1), 49-58 .
• Karim, M.R., Bashar, M. Z. I., & Imteaz, M. A. (2015). Reliability and economic analysis of urban rainwater harvesting in a megacity in Bangladesh. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 104, 61–67.
• Leong, J.Y.C., Balan, P., Chong, M.N., Poh, P.E. (2019). Life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis of decentralised rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling and hybrid rainwater-greywater systems. J. Clean. Prod. 229, 1211–1224. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.046
• Malassa, H., Al-Rimawi, F., Al-Khatib, M., Al-Qutob, M. (2014) Determination of trace heavy metals in harvested rainwater used for drinking in Hebron (South West Bank, Palestine) by ICP-MS, Environ. Monit. Assess. 186 (10) 6985–6992.
• Meteoroloji Genel Müdürülüğü (MGM), (2022). Resmi istatistikler: İllerimize ait genel istatistik verileri. T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=SAMSUN
• Millero, F.J. Feistel, R. Wright, D.G., McDougall, T.J. (2008) The composition of standard seawater and the definition of the reference-composition salinity scale, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 55 (1) (2008) 50–72.
• Moazeni, F., & Khazaei, J. (2020). Dynamic economic dispatch of islanded water-energy microgrids with smart building thermal energy management system. Applied Energy, 276, Article 115422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115422
• Okafor, N. (2011) Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems, in: Springer Science & Business Media, Valsami-Jones (Eds.), Chapter 1
• Ortiz, S., Barreto, PB, Castier, M. (2022) Rainwater harvesting for domestic applications: The case of Asunci´on, Paraguay, Results in Engineering 16, 100638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100638
• Sarış, F. (2021). Türkiye'de Evsel Su Tedarik ve Tüketim İstatistiklerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi/ Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 19(1), 195-216, doi: 10.33688/aucbd.883794
• Schuetze, T. (2013) Rainwater harvesting and management–policy and regulations in Germany, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 13 (2) 376–385.
• Shahbaz A., Yan-Fang S. (2023) Implementing rainwater harvesting systems as a novel approach for saving water and energy in flat urban areas, Sustainable Cities and Society, 89,1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104304.
• Singh, V.P., Pratap Singh, P., Haritashya, U.K. (Eds.).(2011) Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. ISBN : 978-90-481-2641-5
• Snir, O., Friedler, E., Ostfeld, A. (2022). Optimizing the control of decentralized rainwater harvesting systems for reducing urban drainage flows. Water 14. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w14040571.
• Sutema, (2015). Geleceğin suyu. https://sutema.org/resources/Document/FileName/2015-12-01_22-11-14-692%20GeleceginSuyu.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.12.2022).
• Taşçı H. (2021). Economic Analysis of Water Storage by Rainwater Harvesting Technique at Izmir Katip Celebi, M.Sc. Thesis, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Turkey.
• UN-Water (2019), World Water Development Report. https://www.unwater.org/publications/un-world-water-development-report-2019 (Erişim Tarihi: 09.12.2022). URL-1: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/190672/mod_resource/content/0/Su%20Hasad%C4%B1_11hf.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2023)
• WHO/UNICEF (2017), Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines, World Health Organization.
• Yalılı Kılıç M., Abuş M.N. (2018) Bahçeli Bir Konut ÖrneğindeYağmur Suyu Hasadı. International Journal ofAgriculture and Wildlife Science 4(2): 209 - 215.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/593455
• Zhang, S., Jing, X., Yue, T., & Wang, J. (2020). Performance assessment of rainwater harvesting systems: influence of operating algorithm, length and temporal scale of rainfall time series. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, Article 120044. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120044