Effect of soil contamination with azadirachtin on dehydrogenase and catalase activity of soil

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 98 - 103, 01.06.2012

Rıdvan Kızılkaya , İzzet Akça , Tayfun Aşkın , Rezan Yılmaz , Vladimir Olekhov İraida Samofalova Natalya Mudrykh

Öz

Insecticides are used in modern agriculture in large quantities to control pests and increase crop yield. Their use, however, has resulted in the disruption of ecosystems because of the effects on non-target soil microorganisms, some environmental problems, and decreasing soil fertility. These negative effects of synthetic pesticides on the environment have led to the search for alternative means of pest control. One such alternative is use of natural plant products such as azadirachtin that have pesticidal activity.

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of soil contamination by azadirachtin (C₃₅H₄₄O₁₆) on dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase activity (CA) of soil under field conditions in Perm, Russia. The tests were conducted on loamy soil (pH_H2O 6.7, EC_H2O 0.213 dSm^-1, organic carbon 0.99%), to which the following quantities of azadirachtin were added: 0, 15, 30 and 60 mL da^-1 of soil. Experimental design was randomized plot design with three replications. The DHA and CA analyses were performed 7, 14 and 21 days after the field experiment was established.

The results of field experiment showed that azadirachtin had a positive influence on the DHA and CA at different soil sampling times. The increased doses of azadirachtin applied resulted in the higher level of DHA and CA in soil. The soil DHA and CA showed the highest activity on the 21th day after 60 mL azadirachtin da^-1 application doses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Azadirachtin, soil, enzyme, dehydrogenase, catalase

Kaynakça

• Accinelli, C., Screpanti, C., Dinelli, G., Vicari, A., 2002. Short-time effects of pure and formulated herbicides on soil microbial activity and biomass. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 82, 519-527.
• Beck, T.H., (1971). Die Messung derkKatalasen aktivität Von Böden. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 130, 68-81.
• Chapman, R.A., Haris, C.M., Tu, C. R., 1981. Persistence of five pyretroid insecticides in sterile and natural, mineral and organic soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 26, 513.
• Demoute, J.P., 1989. A brief review of the environmental fate and metabolism of pyrethroids. Pesticide Science 27, 375-385.
• Dick, R.P., 1997. Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In: Biological indicators of soil health. Pankhurst CE, Doube BM, Gupta VVSR (eds) CAB International, New York, pp 121–156
• Dinelli, G., Vicari, A., Accinelli, C., 1998. Degradation and side effects of three sulfonylurea herbicides in soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 27, 1459-1464
• FAO, 2006. World Reference Base For Soil Resources 2006. A framework for international classification, correlation and communication. World soil resources reports. No.103, Rome.
• Glinsky, J., Stepniewska, Z., Brzezinska, M., 1986. Characterization of the dehydrogenase and catalase activity of the soils of two natural sites with respect to the soil oxygenation status. Polish Journal of Soil Science 2, 47-52.
• Jones Jr, J.B., 2001. Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Test and Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Washington D.C., USA
• Kızılkaya, R., 1997. Pesticides adsorption in soils. Journal of Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University 12(1), 131-145
• Kızılkaya, R., 2008. Dehydrogenase activity in Lumbricus terrestris casts and surrounding soil affected by addition of different organic wastes and Zn. Bioresource Technology 99, 946–953.
• Kızılkaya,R., Aşkın, T., Bayraklı, B., Sağlam, M., 2004. Microbiological characteristics of soils contaminated with heavy metals. European Journal of Soil Biology 40, 95-102.
• Kızılkaya, R., Hepşen, Ş., 2007. Microbiological properties in earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. cast and surrounding soil amended with various organic wastes. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38, 2861-2876.
• Kumar, P.,Tarafdar, J.C., (2003). 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) as electron acceptor of culturable soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38, 186–189.
• Pedziwilk, Z., 1995. The numbers and the fungistatic activity of actinomycetes in different soils supplementta with pesticides and organic substances. Polish Journal of Soil Science, 28, 45-52
• Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P., Brendecke, J.W., 1995. Environmental Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press Inc. New York, USA.
• Quilchano, C., Maranon, T., 2002. Dehydrogenase activity in Mediterranean forest soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35, 102–107
• Radivojevic, Lj., Gasic, S., Santric, Lj. and Stankovic-Kalezic, R., 2008. The impact of atrazine on several biochemical properties of chernozem soil. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 73, 951-959.
• Rowell, D.L., 1996. Soil Science: Methods and Applications. Longman, UK.
• Skujins, J., 1973. Dehydrogenase: an indicator of biological activities in arid soils. Bulletin of Ecolological Research Communication 17, 235–241
• Skujins, J., 1976. Extracellular enzymes in soil. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 4, 383–421
• Tabatabai, M.A., 1982. Soil enzymes. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Page AL, Keeney DR (eds) Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wis., pp 903–948
• Wyszkowska, J., 2002. Effect of Soil Contamination with Treflan 480 EC on Biochemical Properties of Soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 11(1), 71-77