SOLUTIONS OF SOLID TIMBER AND GLULAM BRIDGE EXAMPLE WITH DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN TURKEY
Yıl 2021,
, 13 - 18, 01.06.2021
Gökhan Şakar
,
Hüseyin Kürşat Çelik
Öz
In this paper, the properties of solid timber and glulam materials are investigated. An existing steel bridge in Turkey is resized and reanalyzed with the SAP2000 analysis programme using solid timber and glulam. In this way, the potential of timber as an alternative to steel is examined. Solid timber and glulam solutions are realized with EN5 norms used in Europe and NDS norms used in America. Structural analysis results and quantities take-off are compared. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that internal forces and quantities take-off in EN5 solutions were higher than NDS. It is expressed that the reason for this is the resistance factors in EN5 are different and the solution parameters are more general expressions.
Kaynakça
- [1] Örs, Y., Togay, A., Production, Price and Employment in Turkish Wood Construction Industries, Journal of Polytechnic, 7 (2004), 1, pp.53-61
- [2] Doğangün, A. et .al., “Earthquake Performances of Traditional Timber Structures, Proceedings, Deprem Sempozyumu, Kocaeli, Turkey, 2005, pp.797-799
- [3] Rainer, J.H., Karacabeyli, E., Ensuring Good Seismic Performance with Platform-Frame Wood Housing, National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Research in Canada, Construction Technology Update No.45, (200) https://doi.org/10.4224/20327963
- [4] Buchanan, A.H., Can Timber Buildings Help Reduce Global CO2 Emissions, Proceedings, 9th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Portland, USA, 2006, 1, pp. 2204-2211
- [5] O’Born R., Life Cycle Assessment of Large Scale Timber Bridges: A Case Study from the World’s Largest Timber Bridge Design In Norway, Transportation Research Part D, 59 (2018), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.trd.2018.01.018
- [6] Borgström E., Design of Timber Structures-Volume 1: Structural Aspects of Timber Construction, Swedish Forest Industries Federation, Swedish Wood, Stockholm, Sweden, 2016
- [7] Moody R.C., Hernandez R., Engineered Wood Products-A Guide For Specifiers, Designers And Users, PFS Research Foundation, Madison-Wisconsin, USA, 1997
- [8] Crocetti, R., Timber Bridges: General Issues, with Particular Emphasis on Swedish Typologies, Proceedings, 20. Internationales Holzbau-Forum IHF, Garmish, Germany, 2014
- [9] Fragiacomo, M. et. al.., Timber-concrete Composite Bridges: Three Case Studies, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 5 (2018), 6, 429-438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.09.001
- [10] Behr R.A. et. al., Cost Comparison of Timber, Steel and Prestressed Concrete Bridges, Journal of Structural Engineering, 116 (1990), 12, pp.3448-3457
- [11] Tazarv M., et. al., Glulam Timber Bridges for Local Roads, Engineering Structures, 118 (2019) , 11-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.012
- [12] Ricketts J.T., Merrit S.F., Building Design and Construction Handbook, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, USA, 2001
- [13] Ross R.J., Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Wisconsin, USA, 2010
- [14] Ramage, M.H., et. al., The Wood From The Trees:The Use Of Timber In Construction, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68 (2017), 333-359 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.107
- [15] Duggal S.K., Building Materials, New Delhi, India, 2008
- [16] Dinwoodie J.M., Timber: Its Nature and Behaviour, second edition, London, United Kingdom, 2000
- [17] TS 647-Building Codes for Timber Structures, Turkish Standards Institution, 1979
- [18] TSC-18, Turkish Seismic Design Code, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara, 2018
- [19] Eurocode 5, EN 1995, Design of Timber Structures, European Committee for Standardization, 2004
- [20] NDS, National design specification for wood construction, American National Standards Institute/America, 2018
- [21] TSDC-17, Turkish Steel Design Code, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara, 2017.
- [22] Wacker J.P, Groenier J.S., Comparative Analysis of Design Codes for Timber Bridges in Canada, the United States, and Europe, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2200 (2010), pp.163-168 https://doi.org/10.3141/2202-19.
- [23] Showalter J., Manbeck H.B., Pollock D., LRFD versus ASD for Wood Design, Proceeding, ASAE Annual International Meeting, Paper No.984006, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1998
- [24] SAP2000, Structural Analysis Program-Integrated Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures. Analysis Reference, Berkeley, California, 2019.
- [25] Çekiç, A., Çelik, H.K., Öztürk, B., Hüseyinoğlu, İ., Dumlu, M., Demirel M., Properties of Timber and Glulam Beams, Usage and Design of Structures and Strengthening of Glulam Beams with FRP, Graduation Project, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey, 2019.
Yıl 2021,
, 13 - 18, 01.06.2021
Gökhan Şakar
,
Hüseyin Kürşat Çelik
Kaynakça
- [1] Örs, Y., Togay, A., Production, Price and Employment in Turkish Wood Construction Industries, Journal of Polytechnic, 7 (2004), 1, pp.53-61
- [2] Doğangün, A. et .al., “Earthquake Performances of Traditional Timber Structures, Proceedings, Deprem Sempozyumu, Kocaeli, Turkey, 2005, pp.797-799
- [3] Rainer, J.H., Karacabeyli, E., Ensuring Good Seismic Performance with Platform-Frame Wood Housing, National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Research in Canada, Construction Technology Update No.45, (200) https://doi.org/10.4224/20327963
- [4] Buchanan, A.H., Can Timber Buildings Help Reduce Global CO2 Emissions, Proceedings, 9th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Portland, USA, 2006, 1, pp. 2204-2211
- [5] O’Born R., Life Cycle Assessment of Large Scale Timber Bridges: A Case Study from the World’s Largest Timber Bridge Design In Norway, Transportation Research Part D, 59 (2018), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.trd.2018.01.018
- [6] Borgström E., Design of Timber Structures-Volume 1: Structural Aspects of Timber Construction, Swedish Forest Industries Federation, Swedish Wood, Stockholm, Sweden, 2016
- [7] Moody R.C., Hernandez R., Engineered Wood Products-A Guide For Specifiers, Designers And Users, PFS Research Foundation, Madison-Wisconsin, USA, 1997
- [8] Crocetti, R., Timber Bridges: General Issues, with Particular Emphasis on Swedish Typologies, Proceedings, 20. Internationales Holzbau-Forum IHF, Garmish, Germany, 2014
- [9] Fragiacomo, M. et. al.., Timber-concrete Composite Bridges: Three Case Studies, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 5 (2018), 6, 429-438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.09.001
- [10] Behr R.A. et. al., Cost Comparison of Timber, Steel and Prestressed Concrete Bridges, Journal of Structural Engineering, 116 (1990), 12, pp.3448-3457
- [11] Tazarv M., et. al., Glulam Timber Bridges for Local Roads, Engineering Structures, 118 (2019) , 11-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.012
- [12] Ricketts J.T., Merrit S.F., Building Design and Construction Handbook, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, USA, 2001
- [13] Ross R.J., Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Wisconsin, USA, 2010
- [14] Ramage, M.H., et. al., The Wood From The Trees:The Use Of Timber In Construction, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68 (2017), 333-359 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.107
- [15] Duggal S.K., Building Materials, New Delhi, India, 2008
- [16] Dinwoodie J.M., Timber: Its Nature and Behaviour, second edition, London, United Kingdom, 2000
- [17] TS 647-Building Codes for Timber Structures, Turkish Standards Institution, 1979
- [18] TSC-18, Turkish Seismic Design Code, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara, 2018
- [19] Eurocode 5, EN 1995, Design of Timber Structures, European Committee for Standardization, 2004
- [20] NDS, National design specification for wood construction, American National Standards Institute/America, 2018
- [21] TSDC-17, Turkish Steel Design Code, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara, 2017.
- [22] Wacker J.P, Groenier J.S., Comparative Analysis of Design Codes for Timber Bridges in Canada, the United States, and Europe, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2200 (2010), pp.163-168 https://doi.org/10.3141/2202-19.
- [23] Showalter J., Manbeck H.B., Pollock D., LRFD versus ASD for Wood Design, Proceeding, ASAE Annual International Meeting, Paper No.984006, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1998
- [24] SAP2000, Structural Analysis Program-Integrated Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures. Analysis Reference, Berkeley, California, 2019.
- [25] Çekiç, A., Çelik, H.K., Öztürk, B., Hüseyinoğlu, İ., Dumlu, M., Demirel M., Properties of Timber and Glulam Beams, Usage and Design of Structures and Strengthening of Glulam Beams with FRP, Graduation Project, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey, 2019.