Bursa'daki Zehirlenme Vakalarına Genel Bakış

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 59 - 64, 31.12.2022

Salih Metin , Hüseyin Aygün

https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1189966

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız ilimizdeki zehirlenme sebeplerini en sık görülen etkenleri incelemek ülkemizdeki epidemiyolojik çalışmalara katkıda bulunup ülke kaynakların verimli kullanılmasını sağlamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız 01.02.2020 ile 31.08.2022 tarihleri arasında Bursa ili kamu ve özel hastanelerin acil servislerine zehirlenme nedeniyle başvuran ve Bursa İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü istatistik raporlama birimine bildirimi yapılan tüm hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı.
Bulgular: Zehirlenme nedenlerinin cinsiyetler arası farklarını değerlendirdiğimizde besin kaynaklı zehirlenmelerin erkeklerde daha sık olduğu (n:322-78), ilaç kaynaklı zehirlenmelerin kadınlarda daha sık olduğu (n:363-556) görülmüştür. Ayrıca yaptığımız Pearson Ki-kare analizinde zehirlenme nedenleri bakımından erkekler ile kadınlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (x2=217.06, p<0.01). Zehirlenme nedenlerinin yaş grupları arası farklarını değerlendirdiğimizde en düşük zehirlenme gelişen yaş grubunun %6.3 (n:111) ile <55 kişilerde olduğu görülmüştür. 0-13 yaş grubunda koroziv zehirlenmeleri tüm yaş gruplarının %72.7'sini (n:109) oluşturmaktadır. Methil alkol zehirlenmeleri en sık 36-55 yaş grubunda görülmektedir. Yapılan ki-kare analizinde zehirlenme nedenleri bakımından kategorize edilmiş yaş grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (x2=641.80, p<0.01). Çalışmaya alınan hastaların acil servisten taburculuk ve yatış dağılımlarına baktığımızda eksitus olan hastaların zehirlenme nedenleri; karbon monoksit (n:2), ilaçlar (n:1), etil alkol (n:1), metil alkol (n:1) ve diğer nedenler (n:1) şeklindedir. Ayrıca en sık yoğun bakım yatışı gereken zehirlenme nedeni ilaçlar (n:82) olmuştur. Zehirlenme nedenleri ile hastaların sonlanım durumları bakımından istatiksel anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (x2=238.42, p<0.01). Zehirlenme nedenlerinin mevsimsel farklarına baktığımızda ilaçlar ile olan zehirlenme vakaları her mevsim diğer faktörlerden fazla olarak görülürken, karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi kış aylarında, gıda zehirlenmesi yaz aylarında, mantarlar ise sonbaharda daha fazla görülmüştür. Zehirlenme nedenleri mevsimler bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Zehirlenmede bir bölgedeki yerel nedenlerin analizi çok önemlidir. Bu sayede o bölgeye özel önlemler alınabilir. Bu sayede antitoksin planlaması ve insan gücü planlaması daha etkin hale getirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zehirlenme sebepleri, yaş, cinsiyet, Bursa bölgesi, mortalite

Overview of Poisoning Cases in Bursa

Öz

Aim: In this study, our aim is to examine the most common causes of poisoning in our city, to contribute to the epidemiological studies in our country and to ensure the efficient use of the country's resources.
Material and methods: In our study, all patients who admitted to the emergency departments of public and private hospitals in Bursa between 01.02.2020 and 31.08.2022 due to poisoning and were reported to the statistical reporting unit of Bursa Provincial Health Directorate were retrospectively evaluated.
Results: The gender differences in the causes of poisoning was seen that food-related poisoning was more common in men (n:322-78), and drug-induced poisoning was more common in women (n:363-556) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (x2=217.06, p<0.01). When we evaluated the differences in the causes of poisoning between age groups, it was seen that the lowest intoxication age group was <55 years of age (6.3%, n:111). Corrosive poisonings in the 0-13 age group constitute 72.7% (n:109) of all age groups. Methyl alcohol poisonings are most common in the 36-55 age group. In the chi-square analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the age groups categorized in terms of the causes of poisoning (x2=641.80, p<0.01). When we look at the outcomes of the patients included in the study, the causes of poisoning in the patients who died were carbon monoxide poisoning (CO) (n:2), drugs (n:1), ethyl alcohol (n:1), were respectively. In addition, the most common cause of poisoning requiring ICU admission was drugs (n:82). When we look at the seasonal differences in the causes of poisoning, poisoning cases with drugs are seen more than other factors in every season, while CO is seen more in winter, food releated in summer and musrooms in autumn. The causes of poisoning show a statistically significant difference in terms of seasons (x2=565.35, p<0.01).
Conclusions: Analysis of local causes in a region is very important in poisoning. In this way, measures specific to that region can be taken. In this way, antitoxin planning and manpower planning can be made more effective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

region poisoning cause, age, gender, mortality, Bursa

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