Afidofag coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) 'nin kannibalistik davranışları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3, 175 - 184, 31.05.2018

Muhammad Hamayoon Khan , Zeynep Yoldaş

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.397666

Cited By: 3

Öz

Afidofag coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata(Goeze, 1777), Türkiye’nin farklı agroekosistemlerinde yaygın olarak bulunmaktadır. Aynı türün bireylerinin birbirlerine besledikleri kannibalizm, intraspesifik avcılık, H. variegatada dahil olmak üzere birçok afidofag coccinellidlerde yaygın olan bir davranıştır. Bu çalışmada laboratuvar koşullarında Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776 varlığında ve yokluğunda H. variegata'nın ergin ve ergin öncesi dönemlerine ait kannibalizm davranışları araştırılmıştır. Erginler tarafından yumurta ve larva kannibalizmi üzerine yapılan denemelerde, yumurta ve genç larvanın kannibalizme karşı daha savunmasız olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İlginç şekilde, erginler tarafından yumurta kannibalizmi, avın bolluğunda dahi belirgin şekilde daha yüksek bulunurken, larva kannibalizmi önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Larvaların yumurta kannibalizmi ve larva içerisindeki kannibalizm sonuçları, olgun larvaların yaprak biti yokluğunda daha fazla sayıda yumurta ve daha genç yaşta larva tükettiklerini ve avın olmamasının kannibalizme neden olan başlıca etken olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, tüm larva dönemlerinde, özellikle 3. ve 4. larva dönemlerinde, yaprak biti varlığında bile önemli miktarda yumurta tükettikleri saptanmıştır. Aynı yaştaki larvalar arasındaki kannibalizmde, larva dönemleri ile kannibalizm arasında gençlerden yaşlılara doğru olmak üzere doğru orantılı bir korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalarımız, avın azlığının H. variegata' da kannibalizmeneden olduğunu ancak yumurta kannibalizminin avın yüksek yoğunluklarında bile gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acyrthosiphon pisum, kannibalizm, yumurta, Hippodamia variegata, larva dönemleri

Cannibalistic behavior of aphidophagous coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Öz

The variegated lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata(Goeze, 1777) is widely distributed in different agroecosystems of Turkey. Cannibalism, intraspecific predation, where individuals of the same species feed upon each other, is a common phenomenon in most aphidophagous coccinellids including H. variegata.We investigated the cannibalistic behavior of various growth stages of H. variegata in the presence and absence of Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris, 1776 under laboratory conditions. The results for cannibalism of eggs and larvae by adults revealed that eggs and younger larvae were more vulnerable to cannibalism. Notably, egg cannibalism by adults was found to be higher even at high prey abundance. Whereas, larval cannibalism was found significantly lower. Cannibalism of eggs by larvae and within the larvae showed that older larvae consumed significantly higher number of eggs and younger larvae in the absence of A. pisumindicating that cannibalism was mainly influenced by scarcity of prey. However, all the larval instars, especially 4^thand 3^rdinstars, also consumed a substantial number of eggs even in the presence of prey. Cannibalism within the same stage/age larvae showed a successive increase with the successive larval stage showing minimum cannibalism by 1^stinstar larvae and maximum by 4^thinstar larvae. The study found that scarcity of prey leads to cannibalism in H. variegata and that egg cannibalism occurs even at high prey densities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acyrthosiphon pisum, cannibalism, eggs, Hippodamia variegata, larval instars

Kaynakça

• Agarwala, B. K. & A. F. G. Dixon, 1992. Laboratory study of cannibalism and interspecific predation in ladybirds. Ecological Entomology,17: 303-309.
• Agarwala, B. K., 1991. Why do ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) cannibalize? Journal of Biological Sciences, 16: 103-109.
• Agarwala, B. K., S. Bhattacharya & P. Bardhanroy, 1998. Who eats whose eggs? Intra- versus inter-specific interactions in starving ladybird beetles predaceous on aphids. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 10: 361-368.
• Aleosfoor, M., N. Mortazavi & M. Poorkashkooli, 2014. Comparison cannibalistic behavior between two ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata L. and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) under laboratory experiments. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 9 (2): 645-650.
• Banks, C. J., 1954. The searching behaviour of coccinellid larvae. British Journal of Animal Behaviour, 2: 37-38.
• Burgio, G., F. Santi & S. Maini, 2002. On intra-guild predation and cannibalism in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Control, 24: 110-116.
• Cottrell, T. E., 2005. Predation and cannibalism of lady beetle eggs by adult lady beetles. Biological Control, 34: 159-164.
• Dimetry, N. Z., 1974. The consequences of egg cannibalism in A. bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomophaga, 19: 445-451.
• Dixon, A. F. G., 1959. An experimental study of the searching behaviour of the predatory coccinellid beetle Adalia decempunctata (L.). Journal of Animal Ecology, 2: 259-281.   Dixon, A. F. G., 2000. Insect Predator-Prey Dynamics; Ladybird Beetles and Biological Control. Cambridge University Press, 268 pp.
• Felix, S. & A. O. Soares, 2004. Intraguild predation between the aphidophagous ladybird beetles Harmonia axyridis and Coccinella undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): The role of body weight. European Journal of Entomology, 101 (2): 237-242.
• Fox, L. R., 1975. Cannibalism in natural populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 6: 87-106.
• Franzman, B. A., 2002. Hippodamia variegata a predacious ladybird new in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41 (4): 375-377.
• Hemptinne, J. L., G. Lognay, C. Gauthier & A. F. G. Dixon, 2000. Role of surface chemical signals in egg cannibalism and intraguild predation in ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Chemoecology, 10: 123-128.
• Hindayana, D., R. Meyhöfer, D. Scholz & H. M. Poehling, 2001. Intraguild predation among the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus de Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae) and other aphidophagous predators. Biological Control, 20: 236-246.
• Hodek, I. & A. Honek, 1996. Ecology of Coccinellidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 464 pp.
• Hodek, I., 1996. “Food Relationships, 143-238”. In: Ecology of Coccinellidae. (Eds. I. Hodek & A. Honek) Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 464 pp.
• Jafari, R., 2013. Cannibalism in Hippodamia variegata Goese (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Biological and Chemical Research, 30: 152-157.
• Kajita, Y., J. J. Obrycki, J. J. Sloggett & K. F. Haynes, 2010. Intraspecific alkaloid variation in ladybird eggs and its effects on con- and hetero-specific intraguild predators. Oecologia, 163: 313-322.
• Kawai, A., 1976. Analysis of the aggregation behavior in the larvae of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to prey colony. Research on Population Ecology, 18: 123-134.
• Khan, A. A., F. A. Zaki, Z. H. Khan & R. A. Mir, 2009. Biodiversity of predacious ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Kashmir. Journal of Biological Control, 23: 43-47.
• Khan, R. M., M. R. Khan & M. Y. Hussein, 2003. Cannibalism and inter-specific predation in ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in laboratory. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6: 2013-2016.
• Kontodimas, D. C. & G. J. Stathas, 2005. Phenology, fecundity and life table parameters of the predator Hippodamia variegata reared on Dysaphis crataegi. Biocontrol, 50 (2): 223-233.
• Lucas, E., D. Coderre & J. Brodeur, 1998. Intraguild predation among aphid predators: characterization and influence of extraguild prey density. Ecology, 79: 1084-1092.
• Lucas, E., 2012. “Intraguild Interactions, 343–374”. In: Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae) (Eds. I. Hodek, H. F. van Emden & A. Honek) John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Chichester, UK, 600 pp.
• Michaud, J. P. & A. K. Grant, 2004. Adaptive significance of sibling egg cannibalism in Coccinellidae: comparative evidence from three species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97: 710-719.
• Michaud, J. P., 2002. Invasion of the Florida citrus ecosystem by Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and asymmetric competition with a native species. Cycloneda sanguinea, Environmental Entomology, 31: 827-835.
• Mills, N. J., 1982. Voracity, cannibalism and coccinellid predation. Annals of Applied Biology, 101: 144-148.
• Nakamura, K., K. Miura, P. De Jong & H. Ueno, 2006. Comparison of the incidence of sibling cannibalism between male-killing Spiroplasma infected and uninfected clutches of a predatory ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 103: 323-326.
• Omkar, A., A. Pervez & A. K. Gupta, 2004. Role of surface chemicals in egg cannibalism and intraguild predation by neonates of two aphidophagous ladybirds, Propylea dissecta and Coccinella transversalis, JEN 128(9/10): 691-695.
• Omkar, A., A. Pervez & A. K. Gupta, 2006. Why do neonates of aphidophagous ladybird beetles preferentially consume conspecific eggs in presence of aphids? Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16:233–243.
• Omkar, A., A. Pervez & A. K. Gupta, 2007. Sibling cannibalism in aphidophagous ladybirds: its impact on sex-dependent development and body weight. Journal of Applied Entomology, 131 (2): 81-84.   Osawa, N., 1989. Sibling and non-sibling cannibalism by larvae of ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis in the field. Research on Population Ecology, 31:153-160. Osawa, N., 1992. Sibling cannibalism in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis: Fitness consequences for mother and offspring. Research on Population Ecology, 34: 45-55.
• Pell, J. K., J. Baverstock, H. E. Roy, R. L. Ware & M. E. N. Majerus, 2008. Intraguild predation involving Harmonia axyridis: A review of current knowledge and future perspectives. BioControl, 53, 147-168.
• Polis, G. A., 1981. The evolution and dynamics of intraspecific predation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 12: 225-251. Rondoni, G., I. Fulvio, R. Carlo & C. Eric, 2014. Intraguild Predation Responses in Two Aphidophagous coccinellids identify differences among juvenile stages and aphid densities. Insects, 5: 974-983.
• Rondoni, G., O. Andrea & R. Carlo, 2012. Laboratory studies on intraguild predation and cannibalism among coccinellid larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Euroean Journal of Entomology, 109: 353-362.
• Rosenheim, J. A., H. K. Kaya, L. E. Ehler, J. J. Marois & B. A. Jaffee, 1995. Intraguild predation among biological-control agents: theory and evidence. Biological Control, 5: 303-335.
• Roy, H. E., H. Rudge, L. Goldrick & D. Hawkins, 2007. Eat or be eaten: Prevalence and impact of egg cannibalism on two-spot ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 125: 33-38.
• Sato, S., A. F. G. Dixon, H. Yasuda, 2011. Effect of emigration on cannibalism and intraguild predation in aphidophagous ladybirds. Ecological Entomology, 28: 628-633.
• Shah, M. A. & A. A. Khan, 2014. Qualitative and quantitative prey requirements of two aphidophagous coccinellids, Adalia tetraspilota and Hippodamia variegata. Journal of Insect Science, 14:72.
• Silva, R. B., J. C. Zanuncio, J. E. Serrão, E. R. Lima, M. L. C. Figueiredo & I. Cruz, 2009. Suitability of different artificial diets for development and survival of stages of predaceous ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Phytoparasitica, 37: 115-123.
• Takahashi, K., 1987. Cannibalism by larvae of Coccinella septempunctata bruckii Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in mass-rearing experiments. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 31: 201-205.
• Takahashi, K., 1989. Intra- and inter-specific predations of lady beetles in spring alfalfa fields. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 57: 199-203.
• Ware, R. & M. E. N. Majerus, 2008. Intraguild predation of immature stages of British and Japanese coccinellids by the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis. Biological Control, 53:169-188.
• William, F. L., 2002. Lady Beetles. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, Horticulture and Crop Science. Division of Wildlife, 2021 Coffey Rd. Columbus, Ohio, 857 pp.
• Wratten, S. D., 1976. Searching by Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and escape behavior of its aphid and cicadellid prey on lime (Tilia x vulgaris Hayne). Ecological Entomology, 1: 139-142.
• Yasuda, H., T. Kikuchi, P. Kindlmann & S. Sato, 2001. Relationships between attack and escape rates, cannibalism, and intraguild predation in larvae of two predatory ladybirds. Journal of Insect Behavior, 14: 373-384.