EFFECT OF EDUCATION, FAMILY, GENDER AND GENERATIONS ON THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION

Yıl 2024, , 131 - 141, 30.04.2024

Erkam Emin Ayvaz , Mesut Kurulgan

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1325182

Öz

Entrepreneurship is one of the critical factors in improving economic and social development. The need for the creation of employment and national wealth is driven mainly by entrepreneurship. Therefore, there is a need to create new ventures, which requires entrepreneurial intention. Factors such as gender, education, personal traits, and role models affect entrepreneurial intention. Most of the studies on entrepreneurial intention take one of those factors' roles on intention. This study aims to find the role of gender, education, family, and generations on entrepreneurial intention and its sub-factors to fill the current literature gap. In the study, a model was constructed and evaluated experimentally on a sample of 663 university students in Türkiye. The sub-factors of entrepreneurial intention were determined using factor analysis, and the association between gender, education, parental status, and generations, as well as entrepreneurial intention, was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Firstly, contrary to general literature results, our analysis shows no evidence that gender influences entrepreneurial intention in general, but there is a difference in a sub-factor (desire for success) in favour of females. Secondly, it is seen that there is a statistically significant difference in favour of those who receive entrepreneurship education in terms of general entrepreneur intention, but only innovativeness and tolerance for uncertainty on sub-factors. Thirdly, there is no statistically significant distinction between parental status, generation, and entrepreneurial intent. In terms of self-confidence, creativity, and drive for achievement, however, there is a statistically significant difference in favour of those who are parents based on the parental status of the participants. Finally, it has been determined that students in Türkiye have a high level of entrepreneurial intention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention, Gender, Entrepreneurial Education, Family, Generations

Eğitim, Aile, Cinsiyet ve Kuşakların Girişimcilik Eğilimi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Girişimcilik, ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınmanın geliştirilmesinde kritik faktörlerden biridir. İstihdam ve ulusal zenginlik yaratma ihtiyacı esas olarak girişimcilikten kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, girişimcilik niyeti gerektiren yeni girişimler yaratma ihtiyacı vardır. Cinsiyet, eğitim, kişisel özellikler ve rol modelleri gibi faktörler girişimcilik niyetini etkilemektedir. Girişimcilik niyeti üzerine yapılan çalışmaların çoğu bu faktörlerden birinin niyet üzerindeki rolünü ele almaktadır. Bu çalışma, mevcut literatür boşluğunu doldurmak için cinsiyet, eğitim, aile ve kuşakların girişimcilik niyeti ve alt faktörleri üzerindeki rolünü bulmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada bir model oluşturulmuş ve Türkiye'deki 663 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde deneysel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Girişimcilik niyetinin alt faktörleri faktör analizi kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve cinsiyet, eğitim, ebeveyn durumu ve kuşaklar ile girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişki Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak, genel literatür sonuçlarının aksine, analizimiz cinsiyetin genel olarak girişimcilik niyetini etkilediğine dair bir kanıt göstermemektedir, ancak bir alt faktörde (başarı arzusu) kadınlar lehine bir farklılık vardır. İkinci olarak, genel girişimcilik niyeti açısından girişimcilik eğitimi alanların lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu, ancak alt faktörlerde sadece yenilikçilik ve belirsizliğe tolerans olduğu görülmektedir. Üçüncü olarak, ebeveyn statüsü ve kuşak ile girişimcilik niyeti arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Bununla birlikte, özgüven, yaratıcılık ve başarı güdüsü açısından, katılımcıların ebeveyn statüsüne bağlı olarak ebeveyn olanlar lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardır. Son olarak, Türkiye'deki öğrencilerin yüksek düzeyde girişimcilik niyetine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik, Girişimcilik Niyeti, Cinsiyet, Girişimcilik Eğitimi, Aile, Kuşaklar

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