Investigation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene rs731236 Polymorphism in Turkish Rugby Players

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 33 - 40, 16.06.2023

Başak Funda Eken , Zeyneb Nur Şahin , Kate Llewellyn-waters , Gökhan Tuna , Ajlan Saç , Şehkar Oktay , Korkut Ulucan

https://doi.org/10.29228/ERISS.28

Öz

Vitamin D is an important molecule responsible for the development, contraction and regeneration of muscles, and activates its biological functions by means of its receptors, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor group. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the rs731236 distribution in Turkish rugby players. A total of 22 male players and 30 sedentary individuals (as a control group) participated in the study. Following DNA isolation, rs731236 polymorphisms of VDR was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test. CC, CT and TT genotype and percentage distributions for rs731236 polymorphism in players were as 5 (23%), 10 (45%) and 7 (32%), respectively. Allelic distributions were found to be 20 (45%) for C allele, and 24 (55%) for T allele. For the control group; CC, CT and TT genotypes and percentages were as 4 (13%), 17 (57%) and 9 (30%), respectively. C allele was counted as 25 (42%) and 35 (58%) for controls. When we compare athletes and control groups in the terms of genotypes, we detected no statistically significant difference (p= 0.12). For the allele comparison, we detected no significant difference between groups (p= 0.76). Determination of gene combinations in athletes is of great importance for carrying out of the optimal training programs. Therefore, we aimed to determine the distribution of the alleles related with athletic performance on successful athletes. In our cohort, the CT genotype and T allele were more intensely determined in players.

Anahtar Kelimeler

VDR, polymorphism, athletes, rugby, athletic performance

Investigation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene rs731236 Polymorphism in Turkish Rugby Players

Öz

D vitamini kasların gelişmesinden, kasılmasından ve yenilenmesinden sorumlu önemli bir moleküldür ve nükleer reseptör grubunun bir üyesi olan vitamin D reseptörü (VDR) reseptörleri aracılığıyla biyolojik fonksiyonlarını aktive eder. Bu çalışmada, Türk rugby oyuncularında rs731236 dağılımını analiz etmeyi amaçladık. Çalışmaya toplam 22 erkek oyuncu ve 30 sedanter birey (kontrol grubu olarak) katıldı. DNA izolasyonunu takiben, VDR'nin rs731236 polimorfizmleri gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (Rt-PCR) ile belirlendi. İstatistiksel analiz ki-kare testi ile yapıldı. Sporcularda rs731236 polimorfizmi için CC, CT ve TT genotip ve yüzde dağılımları sırasıyla 5 (%23), 10 (%45) ve 7 (%32) olarak bulundu. Alel dağılımları C aleli için 20 (%45) ve T aleli için 24 (%55) olarak bulundu. Kontrol grubu için; CC, CT ve TT genotipleri ve yüzdeleri sırasıyla 4 (%13), 17 (%57) ve 9 (%30)’dur. C aleli kontrol grubu için 25 (%42) ve 35 (%58) olarak belirlendi. Sporcular ve kontrol grubunu genotip açısından karşılaştırdığımızda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmedi (p= 0,12). Alel karşılaştırması için gruplar arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilmemiştir (p= 0,76). Sporcularda gen kombinasyonlarının belirlenmesi optimal antrenman programlarının yürütülmesi için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle atletik performansla ilgili alellerin başarılı sporcular üzerindeki dağılımını belirlemeyi amaçladık. Bizim kohortumuzda CT genotipi ve T aleli oyuncularda daha yoğun olarak belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

VDR, polimorfizm, sporcu, ragbi, atletik performans

Kaynakça

• Arica, S., Solgun, HA, Dengi, A.S., Bakmaz, E., Akçay, T., Kapici, S., Sercan, C., Ulucan, K. (2018).−174 G/C polymorphism of interleukin 6 gene is not significantly different in Turkish professional short and long distance runners. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64 (11),85-87
• Bahat, G., Saka, B., Erten, N,, Ozbek, U., Coskunpinar, E., Yildiz, S., Sahinkaya, T.,& Karan M.A. (2010).BsmI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with leg extensor muscle strength in elderly men. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(3), 198-205. doi: 10.1007/BF03324797.
• Bıyık B, Kapıcı S, Sercan C, Kulaksız H, Yüksel İ, & Ulucan K. (2018).Angiontensin Converting Enzyme Insertion / Deletion Polymorphism Profile Of Turkish Professional Hip-Hop And Latin Dancers. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 20 9(3), 49-54. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/psbd/issue/39562/335969
• Dawson-Hughes, B. (2017). Vitamin D and muscle function.The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 173, 313-316. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.018.
• Deeb, K.K., Trump, D.L., & Johnson, C.S. (2017). Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics. Nature Reviews Cancer, 7(9), 684-700. doi: 10.1038/nrc2196.
• Eken, B.F., Gezmiş, H., Sercan, C., Kapıcı, S., Chousein, Ö.M., Kıraç, D., & Ulucan K. (2018). Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Fok1 (rs2228570) and Bsm1 (rs1544410) Polymorphism in Turkish Athletes. IGUSABDER, 6, 561-572. DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.453412
• Eken, B. F., Savci, A. A., Polat, T, Yılmaz, Ö. Ö., Şılar, Ç., Tacal Aslan, B., Oktay, Ş. & Ulucan, K. (2021). Preliminary Findings of the Distribution of Alpha-2-Adrenergic Receptor (ADRA2A) rs1800544 Polymorphisms in Kickboxing Players. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 11 (4) , 742-745 . DOI: 10.33808/ clinexphealthsci.863591
• Häusler, D., &Weber MS. (2019). Vitamin D Supplementation in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease-Enough Is Enough. International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 20(1), 218. doi: 10.3390/ ijms20010218
• Heffernan, S.M, Kilduff, L.P., Day, S.H., Pitsiladis, Y.P., & Williams, A.G. (2015) Genomics in rugby union: A review and future prospects. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(6), 460-468. doi: 10.1080/17461.391.2015.1023222.
• Kim, D. (2017). The role of vitamin D in thyroid diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(9),1949. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091949
• Lazary, A., Bozsodi, A., Somhegyi, A., &Varga, PP. (2013).Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Are Associated with Muscle Performance. The Spine Journal, 9,22-23. doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.085
• Micheli, M.L., Gulisano, M., Morucci, G., Punzi, T., Ruggiero, M., Castellini, E, & Pacini S. (2011). Angiotensinconverting enzyme vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting athletic performances of Italian young soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(8), 2084-2091. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31820238aa
• Murdaca, G., Tonacci, A., Negrini, S., Greco, M., Borro, M., Puppo F, &Gangemi S. (2019).Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: An update on evidence and therapeutic implications. Autoimmunity Reviews, 18(9), doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102350.
• Norman, A.W. (2006). Vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor. Endocrinology, 147, 5542-5548. doi: 10.1210/en.2006-0946.
• Orr, W.J., Holt, L.E., Wilkins, L., & Boone, FH. (1923). The calcium and phosphorus metabolism in rickets, with special reference to ultraviolet ray therapy. The American Journal of Diseases of Children, 26 (4), 362-372.
• Rabon-Stith, K.M., Hagberg, J.M., Phares, D.A., Kostek, M.C., Delmonico, M.J, Roth, S.M., Ferrell, R.E, Conway, J.M., Ryan, A.S., &Hurley B.F. (2005). Vitamin D receptor FokI genotype influences bone mineraldensity response to strength training, but not aerobic training. Experimental Physiology, 90(4), 653-661. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.030197.
• Ulucan, K. (2016). Literature review of Turkish sportsmen in terms of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. Clinical and Experimental Health Science, 6, 44-47. doi: 10.5152/clinexphealthsci.2016.059
• Ulucan, K., Akyüz, S., Özbay, G., Pekiner, F.N., &Güney, A.İ. (2012). Evaluation of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms (FokI, TaqI and ApaI) in a Family with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta. Cytology and Genetics, 47(5), 282 – 286
• Ulucan, K., Göle, S., Altindas, N., & Güney, AI. (2013).Preliminary findings of alpha-actinin-3 gene distribution in Turkish elite wind surfers. Balkan Journal Medical Genetics, 16 (1), 69 – 72. doi: 10.2478/bjmg-2013- 0020.
• Varley, I., Hughes, D.C., Greeves. J.P, Stellingwerff, T., Ranson, C., Fraser, W.D., & Sale C. (2018).The association of novel polymorphisms with stress fracture injury in Elite Athletes: Further insights from the SFEA cohort., Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,21(6), 564-568. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.038.
• Wang, L., Manson, J.E., Song, Y., & Sesso, HD. (2010). Systematic review: vitamin D and calcium supplementation in prevention of cardiovascular events. Annals Of Internal Medicine, 152(5),315-323. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-5-201003.020.00010.
• Wang, T., Heianza, Y., Sun, D., Huang, T., Ma, W., Rimm, E.B., & Qi L. (2018). Improving adherence to healthy dietary patterns, genetic risk, and long term weight gain: gene-diet interaction analysis in two prospective cohort studies. British Medical journal, 360, 5644. doi: 10.113 6/bmj.j5644.
• Wang, P., Ma, L.H., Wang, H.Y., Zhang, W., Tian, Q., Cao, D.N., Zheng, G.X., &Sun Y.L . (2006). Association between polymorhisms of vitamin D receptor gene ApaI, BsmI and TaqI and muscular strength in young Chinese women. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(3), 182-186. doi: 10.1055/s-2005- 865626.
• Yanovich, R., Friedman, E., Milgrom, R., Oberman, B., Freedman, L., & Moran, Ds. (2012).Candidate gene analysis in Israeli soldiers within stress fractures. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11, 147-155.