Determination of personal carbon footprint in aviation and tourism axis: Cappadocia Airport case

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 60 - 67, 31.03.2023

Selçuk Gürçam

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1221724

Öz

Global average temperatures are increasing in direct proportion to the increase in carbon dioxide. A significant part of this increase comprises the aviation and tourism sectors. In particular, the rapid growth of the aviation industry and its relationship with tourism development constitutes an indispensable problem for the future in the fight against the climate crisis. In this study, it has been revealed that the aviation industry is not innocent at all regarding the climate crisis when combined with tourism. The study examined flights’ average personal carbon footprint to Cappadocia Airport between 2016 and 2019. The Cappadocia region stands out because it is an important tourism region of Turkey and is located right in the middle of Turkey. In the review, 2019 was the period with the highest emissions of 27,464.08 tons CO2. On the other hand, 2017 was the year that emitted the least, with 8121.29 tons CO2. The personal carbon footprint from total flights was 61,951 kg CO2. While the individual carbon footprint was the highest in 2016 with 70,617 kg CO2, 2019 was the year with the lowest personal carbon footprint with 56,419 kg CO2. As a result, while there is a direct proportion between the number of flights and the total increase in carbon dioxide, the personal carbon footprint has changed according to the number of passengers. Transportation preferences should be reviewed considering the location of the Cappadocia region and Turkey’s transportation policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate crisis, aviation, tourism, Cappadocia airport, carbon footprint, international agreements, Paris Agreement

Kaynakça

• Overton, J. (2022). The Growth in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Aviation. Environmental and Energy Study Institute. https://www.eesi.org/files/IssueBrief_Climate_Impacts_Aviation_2019rev2022.pdf
• ICCT. (2020). CO2 Emissions from Commercial Aviation: 2013, 2018, and 2019. https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CO2-commercial-aviation-oct2020.pdf
• ICAO. (2022a). Environmental Trends in Aviation to 2050. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Documents/EnvironmentalReports/2022/ENVReport2022_Art7.pdf
• Consumer Energy Alliance. (2022). Your Carbon Footprint When You Travel: It’s A Flying Shame. https://consumerenergyalliance.org/2022/05/your-carbon-footprint-when-you-travel-its-a-flying-shame/
• Dorta Antequera, P., Díaz Pacheco, J., López Díez, A., & Bethencourt Herrera, C. (2021). Tourism, Transport and Climate Change: The Carbon Footprint of International Air Traffic on Islands. Sustainability, 13(4), 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041795
• Gürçam, S., Konuralp, E., & Ekici, S. (2021). Determining the effect of air transportation on air pollution in the most polluted city in Turkey. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 93(2), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2020-0176
• Akyüz, A. Ö., Kumaş, K., İnan, O., & Güngör, A. (2019). Muğla Hava Trafiğinin Karbon Ayak İzi Açısından İncelenmesi. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(2), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.466338
• Unal, A., Hu, Y., Chang, M. E., Talat Odman, M., & Russell, A. G. (2005). Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: Application to the Atlanta International Airport. Atmospheric Environment, 39(32), 5787–5798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.051
• Grobler, C., Wolfe, P. J., Dasadhikari, K., Dedoussi, I. C., Allroggen, F., Speth, R. L., Eastham, S. D., Agarwal, A., Staples, M. D., Sabnis, J., & Barrett, S. R. H. (2019). Marginal climate and air quality costs of aviation emissions. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11), 114031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4942
• Youmatter. (2020). Carbon Footprint Definition. https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-carbon-footprint/
• The Nature Conservancy. (2022). What is a carbon footprint? https://www.nature.org/en-us/get-involved/how-to-help/carbon-footprint-calculator/
• Iberdrola. (2022). What is the carbon footprint and why will reducing it help to combat climate change? https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/carbon-footprint
• Mulvaney, K. (2022). What is a carbon footprint—and how to measure yours. National Geographic Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/what-is-a-carbon-footprint-how-to-measure-yours
• Wang, S., & Ge, M. (2019). Everything You Need to Know About the Fastest-Growing Source of Global Emissions: Transport. World Resources Institute. https://www.wri.org/insights/everything-you-need-know-about-fastest-growing-source-global-emissions-transport
• [15]. Ritchie, H. (2020b). Which form of transport has the smallest carbon footprint? Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/travel-carbon-footprint
• EEA. (2019). CO2 emissions from passenger transport. https://www.eea.europa.eu/media/infographics/co2-emissions-from-passenger-transport/view
• Sustainable Travel International. (2022). Carbon Footprint of Tourism. https://sustainabletravel.org/issues/carbon-footprint-tourism/
• Demirkol, R. S. (2021). Tarihi Çevre Koruma Bağlamında Kapadokya. Journal of Art and Design, 1(1), 43–63.
• Erol, G. (2020). Kapadokya Bölgesine Gelen Yerli ve Yabancı Turistler Üzerine Dönemsel Bir İnceleme. 3. Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 55(3), 1412–1431. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.06.1381
• Cnnturk. (2020). Kapadokya’da turist sayısında rekor kırıldı. https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/kapadokyada-turist-sayisinda-rekor-kirildi
• DHMİ. (2022). Şehir Tarihçesi. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Havalimani/Kapadokya/SehirTarihcesi.aspx
• Hepfly. (2022). Nevşehir Kapadokya Havaalanı. https://www.hepfly.com/nevsehir-kapadokya-havaalani
• Türkoğlu, F. (2014). Nevşehir Havalimanı Çevresel Etkilerinin “Yeşil Havaalanı Projesi” Kapsamında İncelenmesi. Kırıkkale Üniverstesi.
• Google. (2023). Nevşehir Kapadokya Havalimanı (NAV). https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nevşehir+Kapadokya+Havalimanı+(NAV)/@38.8594906,34.5424931,9.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xc24176cac8c928e9!8m2!3d38.7719688!4d34.5245521
• IPCC. (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/12/19R_V0_01_Overview.pdf
• Civelekoğlu, G., & Bıyık, Y. (2020). Isparta İlinde Karayolu Kaynaklı Karbon Ayak İzinin Hesaplanması. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 4(2), 78–87.
• Şöhret, Y. (2019). Multi-objective evaluation of aviation-induced GHG emissions: UK domestic flight pattern. Energy & Environment, 30(6), 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X18802778
• ICAO. (2022b). ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Carbonoffset/Pages/default.aspx
• Oncarbon. (2022). Methodology: flight emissions. https://oncarbon.app/methodology/flight-emissions
• IATA. (2021). Air Traffic Movement Outlook – Europe. https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-traffic-movement-outlook---europe---august-2021/
• Ritchie, H. (2020a). Where in the world do people have the highest CO2 emissions from flying? Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/carbon-footprint-flying