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A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 626 - 636, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1453891

Öz

This paper presents a comprehensive review of literature focusing on the detrimental effects of fragrances on air quality. While previous studies traditionally attributed air pollution to sources like automobile emissions or industrial discharge, this study delves into the impact of consumer products, particularly fragrances, on both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Through a systematic review of existing research utilizing databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus, the study synthesizes findings regarding the composition of fragrances, regulatory practices related to ingredient labeling, and public awareness regarding the link between air pollution and fragrances. The findings indicate that the ingredients used in perfumes can contribute to air pollution and respiratory ailments, underscoring the need for stringent regulations. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive labeling requirements for perfume products worldwide, which may contribute to limited consumer awareness regarding the association between air quality and fragrances. Given the intimate relationship between air pollution and human well-being, this study underscores the importance of exercising caution in the use of household consumer products such as perfumes and air fresheners to mitigate their impact on air quality.

Kaynakça

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  • Grand View Research, “Perfume market size, share & trends analysis report by product, by end-user, by distribution channel, by region, and segment forecsts, 2023-2030,” 2022. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/perfume-market/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • Prime Target, “Fragrances and perfumes market - The future is scented,” 2022. https://primetarget.tech/fragrances-and-perfumes-market-the-future-is-scented/#/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • A. Steinemann, “Ten questions concerning fragrance-free policies and indoor environments,” Building and Environment, Vol. 159, Article 106054, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • B. C. McDonald, J. A. Gouw, J. B. Gilman, S. H. Jathar, A. Akherati, C. D. Cappa, ... and M. Trainer, “Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions,” Science, Vol. 359(6377), pp. 760-764, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • H.-L. Huang, T.-J. Tsai, N.-Y. Hsu, C.-C. Lee, P.-C. Wu, and H.-J. Su, “Effects of essential oils on the formation of formaldehyde and secondary organic aerosols in an aromatherapy environment,” Building and Environment, Vol. 57 pp. 120-125, 2012. [CrossRef]
  • N. Nematollahi, S. D. Kolev, and A. Steinemann, “Volatile chemical emissions from 134 common consumer products,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 12(11), pp. 1259-1265, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • N. Nematollahi, J. L. Weinberg, J. Flattery, N. Goodman, S. D. Kolev, and A. Steinemann, “Volatile chemical emissions from essential oils with therapeutic claims,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 14(3), pp. 365-369, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Butkuvienė, “Fragranced household and personal care products: Societal consuming habits and awareness about health effects,” Taikomieji Tyrimai Studijose Ir Praktikoje - Applied Research in Studies and Practice, Vol. 18 (1), pp. 81-88, 2022.
  • U. Klaschka, “Between attraction and avoidance: from perfume application to fragrance-free policies,” Environmental Sciences Europe, Vol. 32, Article 98, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • M. A. Bari, W. B. Kindzierski, A. J. Wheeler, M.-È. Héroux, and L. A. Wallace, “Source apportionment of indoor and outdoor volatile organic compounds at homes in Edmonton, Canada,” Building and Environment, Vol. 90, pp. 114-124, 2015. [CrossRef]
  • M. Cheng, I. E. Galbally, S. B. Molloy, P. W. Selleck, M. D. Keywood, S. J. Lawson, ... and E. Dunne, “Factors controlling volatile organic compounds in dwellings in Melbourne, Australia,” Indoor Air, Vol. 26(2), pp. 219-230, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • N. B. Goodman, A. Steinemann, A. J. Wheeler, P. J. Paevere, M. Cheng, and S. K. Brown, “Volatile organic compounds within indoor environments in Australia,” Building and Environment, Vol. 122 pp. 116-125, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators, “Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Lancet, Vol. 390(10100), pp. 1345-1422, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • W. W. Nazaroff, and C. J. Weschler, “Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38(18), pp. 2841-2865, 2004. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, “The fragranced products phenomenon: air quality and health, science and policy,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 14(2), pp. 235-243, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. B. Goodman, A. J. Wheeler, P. J. Paevere, G. Agosti, N. Nematollahi, and Steinemann, A. “Emissions from dryer vents during use of fragranced and fragrance-free laundry products,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 12(3), pp. 289-295, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, and N. Nematollahi, “Migraine headaches and fragranced consumer products: an international population-based study,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 13(4), pp. 387-390, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, “Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 11(10), pp. 1137-1142, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • R. E. Dales, and S. Cakmak, “Is residential ambient air limonene associated with asthma? Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 244, pp. 966-970, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • S. Angulo-Milhem, M. Verriele, M. Nicolas, and F. Thevenet, “Indoor use of essential oils: Emission rates, exposure time and impact on air quality,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 244, Article 117863, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • A. M. Api, D. Basketter, J. Bridges, P. Cadby, G. Ellis, N. Gilmour, ... and I. R. White, “Updating exposure assessment for skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment for fragrance materials,” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 118, Article 104805, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • P. A. Clausen, M. Frederiksen, C. S. Sejbæk, J. B. Sørli, K. S. Hougaard, K. B. Frydendall, ... and P. Wolkoff, “Chemicals inhaled from spray cleaning and disinfection products and their respiratory effects. A comprehensive review,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Vol. 229, Article 113592, 2020. [CrossRef]
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  • S. Zheng, and M. E. Kahn, “Understanding China's urban pollution dynamics,” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 51(3), pp. 731-772, 2013. [CrossRef]
  • H. Welsch, “Environment and happiness: Valuation of air pollution using life satisfaction data,” Ecological Economics, Vol. 58(4), pp. 801-813, 2006. [CrossRef]
  • A. Levinson, A. “Valuing public goods using happiness data: The case of air quality,” Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 96(9-10), pp. 869-880, 2012. [CrossRef]
  • B. Buchel, A. D. Marra, and F. Corman, “COVID-19 as a window of opportunity for cycling: Evidence from the first wave,” Transport Policy, Vol. 116, pp. 144-156, 2022. [CrossRef]
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  • T. Y. Chang, J. Graff Zivin, T. Gross, and M. Neidell, “The effect of pollution on worker productivity: evidence from call center workers in China,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 11(1), pp. 151-172, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • J. He, H. Liu, and A. Salvo, “Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Industrial Towns in China,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 11(1), pp. 173-201, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • S. Zheng, J. Wang, C. Sun, X. Zhang, and M. E. Kahn, “Air pollution lowers Chinese urbanites' expressed happiness on social media,” Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 3(3), pp. 237-243, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • IFRA, “Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards,” 2020. https://ifrafragrance.org/docs/default-source/ifra-code-of-practice-and-standards/49th-amendment/ifra-49th-amendment-(att-01)---guidance-for-the-use-of-ifra-standardsa7006c445f36499bbb0eb141e8c0d4be.pdf?sfvrsn=7fb244c8_2/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • A. Steinemann, “Ten questions concerning air fresheners and indoor built environments,” Building and Environment, Vol. 111 pp. 279-284, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • C. Jia, S. Batterman, and C. Godwin, “VOCs in industrial, urban and suburban neighborhoods, Part 1: Indoor and outdoor concentrations, variation, and risk drivers,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 42(9), pp. 2083-2100, 2008. [CrossRef]
  • C. M. Wang, B. Barratt, N. Carslaw, A. Doutsi, R. E. Dunmore, M. W. Ward, and A. C. Lewis, “Unexpectedly high concentrations of monoterpenes in a study of UK homes,” Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 19(4), pp. 528-537, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • J. C. Ditto, L. R. Crilley, M. Lao, T. C. VandenBoer, J. P. D. Abbatt, and A. W. H. Chan, “Indoor and outdoor air quality impacts of cooking and cleaning emissions from a commercial kitchen,” Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 25(5), pp. 964-979, 2023. [CrossRef]
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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 626 - 636, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1453891

Öz

Kaynakça

  • A. Steinemann, “Fragranced consumer products and undisclosed ingredients,” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 29(1), pp. 32-38, 2009. [CrossRef]
  • Grand View Research, “Perfume market size, share & trends analysis report by product, by end-user, by distribution channel, by region, and segment forecsts, 2023-2030,” 2022. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/perfume-market/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • Prime Target, “Fragrances and perfumes market - The future is scented,” 2022. https://primetarget.tech/fragrances-and-perfumes-market-the-future-is-scented/#/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • A. Steinemann, “Ten questions concerning fragrance-free policies and indoor environments,” Building and Environment, Vol. 159, Article 106054, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • B. C. McDonald, J. A. Gouw, J. B. Gilman, S. H. Jathar, A. Akherati, C. D. Cappa, ... and M. Trainer, “Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions,” Science, Vol. 359(6377), pp. 760-764, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • H.-L. Huang, T.-J. Tsai, N.-Y. Hsu, C.-C. Lee, P.-C. Wu, and H.-J. Su, “Effects of essential oils on the formation of formaldehyde and secondary organic aerosols in an aromatherapy environment,” Building and Environment, Vol. 57 pp. 120-125, 2012. [CrossRef]
  • N. Nematollahi, S. D. Kolev, and A. Steinemann, “Volatile chemical emissions from 134 common consumer products,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 12(11), pp. 1259-1265, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • N. Nematollahi, J. L. Weinberg, J. Flattery, N. Goodman, S. D. Kolev, and A. Steinemann, “Volatile chemical emissions from essential oils with therapeutic claims,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 14(3), pp. 365-369, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Butkuvienė, “Fragranced household and personal care products: Societal consuming habits and awareness about health effects,” Taikomieji Tyrimai Studijose Ir Praktikoje - Applied Research in Studies and Practice, Vol. 18 (1), pp. 81-88, 2022.
  • U. Klaschka, “Between attraction and avoidance: from perfume application to fragrance-free policies,” Environmental Sciences Europe, Vol. 32, Article 98, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • M. A. Bari, W. B. Kindzierski, A. J. Wheeler, M.-È. Héroux, and L. A. Wallace, “Source apportionment of indoor and outdoor volatile organic compounds at homes in Edmonton, Canada,” Building and Environment, Vol. 90, pp. 114-124, 2015. [CrossRef]
  • M. Cheng, I. E. Galbally, S. B. Molloy, P. W. Selleck, M. D. Keywood, S. J. Lawson, ... and E. Dunne, “Factors controlling volatile organic compounds in dwellings in Melbourne, Australia,” Indoor Air, Vol. 26(2), pp. 219-230, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • N. B. Goodman, A. Steinemann, A. J. Wheeler, P. J. Paevere, M. Cheng, and S. K. Brown, “Volatile organic compounds within indoor environments in Australia,” Building and Environment, Vol. 122 pp. 116-125, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators, “Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Lancet, Vol. 390(10100), pp. 1345-1422, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • W. W. Nazaroff, and C. J. Weschler, “Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38(18), pp. 2841-2865, 2004. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, “The fragranced products phenomenon: air quality and health, science and policy,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 14(2), pp. 235-243, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. B. Goodman, A. J. Wheeler, P. J. Paevere, G. Agosti, N. Nematollahi, and Steinemann, A. “Emissions from dryer vents during use of fragranced and fragrance-free laundry products,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 12(3), pp. 289-295, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, and N. Nematollahi, “Migraine headaches and fragranced consumer products: an international population-based study,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 13(4), pp. 387-390, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, “Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 11(10), pp. 1137-1142, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • R. E. Dales, and S. Cakmak, “Is residential ambient air limonene associated with asthma? Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 244, pp. 966-970, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • S. Angulo-Milhem, M. Verriele, M. Nicolas, and F. Thevenet, “Indoor use of essential oils: Emission rates, exposure time and impact on air quality,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 244, Article 117863, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • A. M. Api, D. Basketter, J. Bridges, P. Cadby, G. Ellis, N. Gilmour, ... and I. R. White, “Updating exposure assessment for skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment for fragrance materials,” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 118, Article 104805, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • P. A. Clausen, M. Frederiksen, C. S. Sejbæk, J. B. Sørli, K. S. Hougaard, K. B. Frydendall, ... and P. Wolkoff, “Chemicals inhaled from spray cleaning and disinfection products and their respiratory effects. A comprehensive review,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Vol. 229, Article 113592, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • G. Rádis-Baptista, “Do Synthetic Fragrances in Personal Care and Household Products Impact Indoor Air Quality and Pose Health Risks?,” Journal of Xenobiotics, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 121-131, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • S. Zheng, and M. E. Kahn, “Understanding China's urban pollution dynamics,” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 51(3), pp. 731-772, 2013. [CrossRef]
  • H. Welsch, “Environment and happiness: Valuation of air pollution using life satisfaction data,” Ecological Economics, Vol. 58(4), pp. 801-813, 2006. [CrossRef]
  • A. Levinson, A. “Valuing public goods using happiness data: The case of air quality,” Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 96(9-10), pp. 869-880, 2012. [CrossRef]
  • B. Buchel, A. D. Marra, and F. Corman, “COVID-19 as a window of opportunity for cycling: Evidence from the first wave,” Transport Policy, Vol. 116, pp. 144-156, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • J. Chu, H. Liu, and A. Salvo, “Air pollution as a determinant of food delivery and related plastic waste,” Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 5(2), pp. 212-220, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • T. Chang, J. Graff Zivin, T. Gross, and M. Neidell, “Particulate pollution and the productivity of pear packers,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, Vol. 8(3), pp. 141-169, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • T. Y. Chang, J. Graff Zivin, T. Gross, and M. Neidell, “The effect of pollution on worker productivity: evidence from call center workers in China,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 11(1), pp. 151-172, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • J. He, H. Liu, and A. Salvo, “Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Industrial Towns in China,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 11(1), pp. 173-201, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • S. Zheng, J. Wang, C. Sun, X. Zhang, and M. E. Kahn, “Air pollution lowers Chinese urbanites' expressed happiness on social media,” Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 3(3), pp. 237-243, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • IFRA, “Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards,” 2020. https://ifrafragrance.org/docs/default-source/ifra-code-of-practice-and-standards/49th-amendment/ifra-49th-amendment-(att-01)---guidance-for-the-use-of-ifra-standardsa7006c445f36499bbb0eb141e8c0d4be.pdf?sfvrsn=7fb244c8_2/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • A. Steinemann, “Ten questions concerning air fresheners and indoor built environments,” Building and Environment, Vol. 111 pp. 279-284, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • C. Jia, S. Batterman, and C. Godwin, “VOCs in industrial, urban and suburban neighborhoods, Part 1: Indoor and outdoor concentrations, variation, and risk drivers,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 42(9), pp. 2083-2100, 2008. [CrossRef]
  • C. M. Wang, B. Barratt, N. Carslaw, A. Doutsi, R. E. Dunmore, M. W. Ward, and A. C. Lewis, “Unexpectedly high concentrations of monoterpenes in a study of UK homes,” Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 19(4), pp. 528-537, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • J. C. Ditto, L. R. Crilley, M. Lao, T. C. VandenBoer, J. P. D. Abbatt, and A. W. H. Chan, “Indoor and outdoor air quality impacts of cooking and cleaning emissions from a commercial kitchen,” Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 25(5), pp. 964-979, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • M. I. Mitova, C. Cluse, C. G. Goujon-Ginglinger, S. Kleinhans, M. Rotach, and M. Tharin, “Human chemical signature: Investigation on the influence of human presence and selected activities on concentrations of airborne constituents,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 257, Article113518, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • S. Svetlana, “Too many smelly candles? here’s how scents impact the air quality in your home," 2023. https://theconversation.com/too-many-smelly-candles-heres-how-scents-impact-the-air-quality-in-your-home-190913/ Accessed on Oct 25, 2024.
  • A. Oluyemi, and A. Ogbogu-Nzoiwu, “Green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as regards solid waste in selected areas in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria,” Environmental Research and Technology, Vol. 6(3), pp. 266-278, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • A. Fidanoğlu, and B. Değirmenci, “The effect of sustainable product design on corporate sustainability: The example of manufacturing enterprises in Türkiye,” Environmental Research and Technology, Vol. 5(3), pp. 202-212, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • K. J. Zink, “Designing sustainable work systems: the need for a systems approach,” Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 45(1), pp. 126-132, 2014. [CrossRef]
  • T. L. Chen, H. Kim, S. Y. Pan, P. C. Tseng, Y. P. Lin, and P. C. Chiang, “Implementation of green chemistry principles in circular economy system towards sustainable development goals: Challenges and perspectives,” Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 716, Article 136998, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • M. Mariana, M. Castelo-Branco, A. M. Soares, and E. Cairrao, “Phthalates' exposure leads to an increasing concern on cardiovascular health,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 457, Article 131680, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • R. Kline, N. Seltzer, E. Lukinova, and A. Bynum, “Differentiated responsibilities and prosocial behaviour in climate change mitigation,” Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 2(9), pp. 653-661, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • J. Broome, “The ethics of climate change,” Scientific American, Vol. 298, pp. 96-102, 2008. [CrossRef]
  • A. Steinemann, “Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions,” Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 9(8), pp. 861-866, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • B. Lee, M. Choi, I. Shin, J. Kim, Z. Choi, K. Kim, ... and S. Kwon, “Risk communication for labeling all ingredients in consumer products,” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, Vol. 83(13-14), pp. 509-524, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • European Commission, “Legislation,” https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/legislation_en Accessed on May 18, 2024.
  • U.S. Food & Drug Administration, “FDA Authority over Cosmetics: How Cosmetics Are Not FDA-Approved, but Are FDA-Regulated,” https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/fda-authority-over-cosmetics-how-cosmetics-are-not-fda-approved-are-fda-regulated Accessed on May 18, 2024.
  • Government of Canada, “Regulatory Information for Cosmetics,” https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/cosmetics/regulatory-information.html Accessed on May 18, 2024.
  • The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa), “Personal Hygiene Products, Cosmetics and Fragrances,” https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/english/regulation-of-products/personal-hygiene-products-cosmetics-and-fragrances Accessed on May 18, 2024.
  • M. Ferreira, A. Matos, A. Couras, J. Marto, and H. Ribeiro, “Overview of cosmetic regulatory frameworks around the world," Cosmetics, Vol. 9(4), Article 72, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • N. Amberg, and C. Fogarassy, “Green consumer behavior in the cosmetics market,” Resources, Vol. 8(3), Article 137, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • E. Ghazali, P. C. Soon, D. S. Mutum, and B. Nguyen, “Health and cosmetics: Investigating consumers’ values for buying organic personal care products,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 39 pp. 154-163, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • N. Sreen, A. Dhir, S. Talwar, T. M. Tan, F. and Alharbi, “Behavioral reasoning perspectives to brand love toward natural products: Moderating role of environmental concern and household size,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 61 Article 102549, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • L. Zollo, R. Carranza, M. Faraoni, E. Díaz, and D. Martín-Consuegra, “What influences consumers’ intention to purchase organic personal care products? The role of social reassurance,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 60, Article 102432, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • T. Suphasomboon, and S. Vassanadumrongdee, “Toward sustainable consumption of green cosmetics and personal care products: The role of perceived value and ethical concern,” Sustainable Production and Consumption, Vol. 33, pp. 230-243, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • S. Kumar, S. Talwar, S. Krishnan, P. Kaur, and A. Dhir, “Purchasing natural personal care products in the era of fake news? The moderation effect of brand trust,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 63, Article 102668, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • Statista, “Global market value for natural and organic cosmetics and personal care from 2020 to 2031,” 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/673641/global-market-value-for-natural-cosmetics/ Accessed on May 18, 2024.
  • R. Newman, and I. Noy, “The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change,” Nature Communications, Vol. 14(1), Article 6103, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • S. Pahl, K. J. Wyles, and R. C. Thompson, “Channelling passion for the ocean towards plastic pollution,” Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 1(10), pp. 697-699, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • S. Pahl, S. Sheppard, C. Boomsma, and C. Groves, “Perceptions of time in relation to climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, Vol. 5(3), pp. 375-388, 2014. [CrossRef]
  • A. Pino-Delgado, D. Vado, D. McLeese, and S. Hsieh, “Volatile organic compounds emitted from air Fresheners,” Journal of Student Research, Vol. 10(2), Article 1236, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • J. Thøgersen, “Consumer behavior and climate change: consumers need considerable assistance,” Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 42 pp. 9-14, 2021. [CrossRef]
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İklim Değişikliğinin ve İnsan Adaptasyonunun Beşeri Etkileri, Kirlilik ve Kontaminasyon (Diğer)
Bölüm Review
Yazarlar

Eunhye Son 0000-0003-1660-8806

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Son, E. (2024). A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances. Environmental Research and Technology, 7(4), 626-636. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1453891
AMA Son E. A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances. ERT. Aralık 2024;7(4):626-636. doi:10.35208/ert.1453891
Chicago Son, Eunhye. “A Review of Air Pollution and Ethical Consumption Behavior Due to Fragrances”. Environmental Research and Technology 7, sy. 4 (Aralık 2024): 626-36. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1453891.
EndNote Son E (01 Aralık 2024) A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances. Environmental Research and Technology 7 4 626–636.
IEEE E. Son, “A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances”, ERT, c. 7, sy. 4, ss. 626–636, 2024, doi: 10.35208/ert.1453891.
ISNAD Son, Eunhye. “A Review of Air Pollution and Ethical Consumption Behavior Due to Fragrances”. Environmental Research and Technology 7/4 (Aralık 2024), 626-636. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1453891.
JAMA Son E. A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances. ERT. 2024;7:626–636.
MLA Son, Eunhye. “A Review of Air Pollution and Ethical Consumption Behavior Due to Fragrances”. Environmental Research and Technology, c. 7, sy. 4, 2024, ss. 626-3, doi:10.35208/ert.1453891.
Vancouver Son E. A review of air pollution and ethical consumption behavior due to fragrances. ERT. 2024;7(4):626-3.