The Effect of Different Doses of Fluopyram on the Kidney Tissues of Mice

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 970 - 978, 18.12.2021

Meltem Özgöçmen , Vehbi Atahan Toğay

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.969104

Öz

Fluopyram is a widely used new generation broad spectrum fungicide and its toxic effects are mostly unknown. In this study, it was aimed to observe the effect of fluopyram administration at different doses on mouse kidney tissues. 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg Fluopyram were administered to mice, their kidneys were taken and evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and also immunostaining with caspase-3, TNF-α, NF-Kb antibodies was performed. When the control group and fluopyram administered groups were compared, significant differences were found (p<0.05). While the kidney tissue of the control group was in normal histological structure, histopathological findings were observed in the experimental groups. When fluopyram administration groups were compared among themselves, it was observed that toxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). No positive staining was observed with caspase-3, TNF-α, NF-kB in the tissues of the control group, however, a dose-dependent increase in positive staining was observed for all three stainings in the all fluopyram-treated groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, fluopyram appears to cause dose-dependent increased toxicity in mouse kidney tissues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Caspase-3, Fluopyram;, Histopathology, NF-kB, TNF-α

Kaynakça

• Referans1 Ahmad, A., Kumari, P., & Ahmad, M. (2019). Apigenin attenuates edifenphos-induced toxicity by modulating ROS-mediated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase signal pathway in rat liver and kidney. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 159, 163-172
• Referans2 Anastassiadou, M., Bernasconi, G., Brancato, A., Carrasco Cabrera, L., Greco, L., Jarrah, S., . . . Verani, A. (2019). Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fluopyram in herbal infusions from leaves, herbs and flowers. EFSA J, 17(12), e05942. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5942
• Referans3 Authority, E. F. S. (2013). Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance fluopyram. EFSA Journal, 11(4), 3052. doi:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3052
• Referans4 Colnot, T., & Dekant, W. (2017). Approaches for grouping of pesticides into cumulative assessment groups for risk assessment of pesticide residues in food. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 83, 89-99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.004
• Referans5 Çelik, A., Güler, G., Aktaş, C., & Yalin, S. (2019). Genotoxic action of Luna Experience-SC 400 fungicide on rat bone marrow. Biomarkers, 24(7), 720-725
• Referans6 Dong, B., & Hu, J. (2016). Photodegradation of the novel fungicide fluopyram in aqueous solution: kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity evolvement. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(19), 19096-19106
• Referans7 Faske, T. R., & Hurd, K. (2015). Sensitivity of Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis to Fluopyram. J Nematol, 47(4), 316-321
• Referans8 Guvenc, D., Kabak, Y., Atmaca, E., Aksoy, A., & Guvenc, T. (2013). Examination of caspase-dependent apoptotic and necrotic changes in rat kidney exposed to different doses of permethrin. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 88(2), 76-85
• Referans9 Klich, D., Łopucki, R., Stachniuk, A., Sporek, M., Fornal, E., Wojciechowska, M., & Olech, W. (2020). Pesticides and conservation of large ungulates: Health risk to European bison from plant protection products as a result of crop depredation. PLoS One, 15(1), e0228243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228243
• Referans10 Li, C., Yuan, S., Jiang, F., Xie, Y., Guo, Y., Yu, H., . . . Yao, W. (2020). Degradation of fluopyram in water under ozone enhanced microbubbles: Kinetics, degradation products, reaction mechanism, and toxicity evaluation. Chemosphere, 258, 127216
• Referans11 Li, J., Wang, C., Bangash, S. H., Lin, H., Zeng, D., & Tang, W. (2020). Efficacy of fluopyram applied by chemigation on controlling eggplant root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and its effects on soil properties. PLoS One, 15(7), e0235423. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235423
• Referans12 Mekonnen, T. F., Panne, U., & Koch, M. (2019). Glucosylation and glutathione conjugation of chlorpyrifos and fluopyram metabolites using electrochemistry/mass spectrometry. Molecules, 24(5), 898
• Referans13 Moxon, M., Strupp, C., Aggarwal, M., Odum, J., Lewis, R., Zedet, S., & Mehta, J. (2020). An analysis of the setting of the acute reference dose (ARfD) for pesticides in Europe. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 113, 104638
• Referans14 Owumi, S. E., & Dim, U. J. (2019). Manganese suppresses oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3 activation in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos. Toxicology Reports, 6, 202-209
• Referans15 Ozmen, O., & Mor, F. (2015). Effects of vitamin C on pathology and caspase-3 activity of kidneys with subacute endosulfan toxicity. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 90(1), 25-30
• Referans16 Refaiy, A., Muhammad, E., & ElGanainy, E. (2011). Semiquantitative smoothelin expression in detection of muscle invasion in transurethral resection and cystectomy specimens in cases of urinary bladder carcinoma. African Journal of Urology, 17(1) Referans17 Rouquié, D., Tinwell, H., Blanck, O., Schorsch, F., Geter, D., Wason, S., & Bars, R. (2014). Thyroid tumor formation in the male mouse induced by fluopyram is mediated by activation of hepatic CAR/PXR nuclear receptors. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 70(3), 673-680
• Referans18 Storelli, A., Keiser, A., Eder, R., Jenni, S., & Kiewnick, S. (2020). Evaluation of fluopyram for the control of Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet. J Nematol, 52, 1-10. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2020-071
• Referans19 Tinwell, H., Rouquié, D., Schorsch, F., Geter, D., Wason, S., & Bars, R. (2014). Liver tumor formation in female rat induced by fluopyram is mediated by CAR/PXR nuclear receptor activation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 70(3), 648-658. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.011
• Referans20 Tzatzarakis, M., Kokkinakis, M., Renieri, E., Goumenou, M., Kavvalakis, M., Vakonaki, E., . . . Rizos, A. (2020). Multiresidue analysis of insecticides and fungicides in apples from the Greek market. Applying an alternative approach for risk assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 140, 111262
• Referans21 Wang, T., Ma, M., Chen, C., Yang, X., & Qian, Y. (2021). Three widely used pesticides and their mixtures induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through the ROS-related caspase pathway in HepG2 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 152, 112162
• Referans22 Wei, P., Liu, Y., Li, W., Qian, Y., Nie, Y., Kim, D., & Wang, M. (2016). Metabolic and Dynamic Profiling for Risk Assessment of Fluopyram, a Typical Phenylamide Fungicide Widely Applied in Vegetable Ecosystem. Sci Rep, 6, 33898. doi:10.1038/srep33898