COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE GEBENİN, YENİDOĞANIN VE SAĞLIK PERSONELİNİN TRAVAYDA KORUNMASINA YÖNELİK EBELİK BAKIMI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 176 - 188, 31.12.2021

Melek Şen Aytekin , Zümrüt Yılar Erkek , Ayşenur Kahraman

Öz

Toplumda her bireyi derinden etkileyen COVID-19 pandemisi hiç kuşkusuz gebeleride etkilemektedir. Pandemi sürecinde anne adaylarının antenatal izlemleri kimi zaman ertelenmiştir ancak doğum eylemi için bu durum mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle doğum eyleminde gebenin, yenidoğanın ve sağlık personellerinin virüsten korunması önem kazanmıştır. Doğum eyleminde gebeyi, yenidoğanı ve sağlık personellerini korumak için yapılması gereken temel uygulamalarr; risk durumuna göre triyajın sağlanması, doğuma gelen gebeye test yapılması, gebenin mümkünse tek kişilik odalarda takibi, COVID-19 tanılı/şüpheli gebenin izolasyonu, gebenin risk durumuna uygun kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın hem gebe hemde sağlık personeli tarafından kullanılması, doğum eyleminde indüksiyon yöntemlerinin kulanılması, doğum eylemine uygun şartların sağlanabilmesi durumunda bir refakatçinin katılmasıdır. Ayrıca ebe ve diğer sağlık personellerinin pandemi konusunda eğitilmesi, gereksiz obstetrik müdahalelerden kaçınılması, travayda ve doğum sırasında odada bulunacak ebe ve sağlık personeli sayısı mininumda tutulması önerilmektedir. Doğum sonrası annenin COVID-19 tanısı yoksa ya da enfekte değilse yenidoğanla beraber kalabilmesi ve kişisel koruyucu önlemler alarak bebeğini emzirmesi önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede pandemi döneminde travayda gebenin, yenidoğanın ve sağlık personelinin korunmasına yönelik alınacak önlemler literatür bilgisi kapsamında derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anne, doğum eylemi, ebelik, gebe kadınlar, pandemik, travay, yenidoğan

Destekleyen Kurum

Hiçbir kurumdan destek alınmamıştır.

MIDWIFERY CARE FOR THE PROTECTION OF PREGNANT, NEWBORN AND HEALTH PERSONNEL IN LABOR IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic, which deeply affects every individual in society, undoubtedly affects pregnant women as well. Antenatal follow-ups of expectant mothers are sometimes delayed during the pandemic process, but this is not possible for labor. For this reason, it has gained importance to protect the pregnant, newborn and health personnel from the virus during labor. Basic practices that should be done to protect the pregnant, newborn and health personnel in labor; providing triage according to the risk status, testing the pregnant woman who comes to delivery, monitoring the pregnant in single rooms if possible, isolation of the pregnant/suspected pregnant woman with COVID-19, use of personal protective equipment suitable for the risk status of the pregnant by both the pregnant and health personnel, use of induction methods in labor, delivery It is the participation of an accompanying person if the appropriate conditions for the action can be met. In addition, it is recommended to train midwives and other health personnel about the pandemic, avoid unnecessary obstetric interventions, and keep the number of midwives and health personnel in the room during labor and delivery to a minimum. If the mother is not diagnosed with COVID-19 or is not infected, it is recommended that the mother can stay with the newborn and breastfeed her baby by taking personal protective measures. In this review, the precautions to be taken for the protection of pregnant women, newborns and health personnel in labor during the pandemic period have been compiled within the scope of literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

labor, midwifery, mother, newborn, pandemic, pregnant women

Kaynakça

• Allotey J et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2020;370: m3320.
• Ashokka B et al. Care of the Pregnant Woman with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Labor and Delivery: Anesthesia, Emergency Cesarean Delivery, Differential Diagnosis in the Acutely Ill Parturient, Care of the Newborn, and Protection of the Healthcare Personnel. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020; 223(1):66-74.e3.
• Aydın Doğan R. COVID-19 Pandemisinde; Gebelik, Doğum ve Doğum Sonu Dönemde Kadınların Sosyal Destek Gereksinimi ve Ebelik Yaklaşımları. Turkish Studies 2020;15(4):679-90.
• Aydin R ve Aktaş S. An investigation of women’s pregnancy experiences during the covid‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2021; e14418.
• Başgöl Ş ve Kızılkaya Beji N. Doğum Eyleminin Birinci Evresinde Sık Yapılan Uygulamalar ve Kanıta Dayalı Yaklaşım. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2015a;5(2):32–9.
• Başgöl Ş ve Kızılkaya Beji N. Doğum Eyleminin İkinci ve Üçüncü Evresinde Sık Yapılan Uygulamalar ve Kanıta Dayalı Yaklaşım. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2015b; 5(3):66-71.
• Boelig R et al. Obstetric protocols in the setting of a pandemic. Seminars in Perinatology 2020;44(6): 151-295.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Coronavirus Disease, (COVID-19): Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Caring for Newborns. 2020a; (Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2021) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/pregnancy-breastfeeding.html
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim İnfection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Ealthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. 2020b. (Erişim tarihi: 04.01.2020) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html
• Çağlar M ve Oskay ÜY. COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Gebelik ve Doğum Yönetimi Pregnancy and Birth Management in COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Health Sciences Journal of Nursing 2020;2(2):99-104.
• Cucinotta D and Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomedica 2020;91(1):157–60. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
• Dang D et al. Potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on fetuses and newborns are worthy of attention. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2020;46(10):1951–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14406
• Dashraath P et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020;222(6): 521–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021
• Delahoy MJ et al. Characteristics and Maternal and Birth Outcomes of Hospitalized Pregnant Women with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19-COVID-NET, 13 States. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2020;69(38): 1347–54.
• Derya YA ve ark. Pregnancy and birth planning during COVID-19: the effects of tele-education offered to pregnant women on prenatal distress and pregnancy-related anxiety. Midwifery 2021;92, 102877.
• Di Mascio D et al. Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM 2020;2(2):100-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107
• Dumitrascu M et al. Delivery and breastfeeding in pregnant patients with COVID‑19 (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2021;21(3): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9709
• Salvatore CM et al. Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2020;4(10): 721-7.
• Shahbazi Sighaldeh S and Ebrahimi Kalan M. Care of newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 infection; a review of existing evidence. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2020; 0(0): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1777969
• Sharma JB et al. Recommendations for prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care during COVID-19 pandemic in India. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2020; 84(5):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13336
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Solunum Si̇stemi̇ Hastalıklarının Yaygın Olduğu Dönemde Sağlık Kuruluşlarında Gebe Taki̇bi̇ 2020a. Ankara.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 Nedir? 2020b; https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66300/covid-19-nedir-.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.02.2021).
• WHO Director – General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020; https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. (Erişim tarihi: 27.02.2021).
• WHO. Coronavirus (COVID-19) events as they happen 2020; https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen (Erişim tarihi: 27/02/2021)
• Yang H et al. Novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020;55(4):435-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.22006
• Young BE et al. Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association 2020;323(15): 1488-94. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3204
• Zaigham M and Andersson O. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID-19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2020;99(7):823–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13867