Araştırma Makalesi
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THE EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE ON AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT, JOB SATISFACTION, BURNOUT AND TURNOVER INTENTION: AN APPLICATION ON ACADEMICS

Yıl 2023, , 1427 - 1444, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1213198

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akkermans, J., de Lange, A.H., van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., Kooij, D.T.A.M., Jansen, P.G.W. ve Dikkers, J.S.E. (2016). What about time? Examining chronological and subjective age and their relation to work motivation. Career Development International, 21(4), 419–439. doi:10.1108/CDI-04-2016-0063.
  • Allen, N.J. ve Meyer, J.P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–18.
  • Bakoğlu, R., Taştan Boz, İ., Yiğit, İ. ve Yıldız, S. (2009). Tükenmişliği ölçmede alternatif bir araç Kopenhag tükenmişlik envanterinin Marmara Üniversitesi akademik personeli üzerine uyarlanması. İ.Ü. Yönetim Dergisi, 20(63), 77 - 98.
  • Bal, P. M., de Lange, A.H., Van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., Zacher, H., Oderkerk, F. ve Otten, S. (2015). Young at heart, old at work? Relations between age, (meta-)stereotypes, self-categorization, and retirement attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.09.002.
  • Barbieri, B., Zurru, M.L., Cossu, P. ve Farnese, M.L. (2015). Consequences of CIGS in flight attendants: when a dark future leads to stress and burnout. Organizational Studies, 2, 101-132.
  • Blegen, M. ve Mueller, C.W. (1987). Nurses job satisfaction. A longitudinal analysis. Research in Nursing and Health, 10. 227-237.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Data analysis handbook for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Couger, J. (1989). New Challenges in Motivating MIS Personnel. Information Systems Management, 6, 36-41.
  • Davis, K. ve Newstron, J.W. (2001). Human Behavior at Work. Mexico City: McGraw-Hill Publishers.
  • Dessler, G. (1999). How to earn your employees' commitment? The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), 13(2), 58-67.
  • Freudenberger, H.J. (1974). Staff burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 159–165.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a Ed.) Boston: Pearson, 400s.
  • George, J.M. ve Jones, G.R. (2005). Understanding and managing organizational behavior, Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. ve Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.
  • Henry, H. ve Desmette, D. (2018), Work-family enrichment and well-being: the role of occupational future time perspective. Career Development International, 23(6/7), 542-556.
  • Henry, H., Zacher, H. ve Desmette, D. (2017). Future time perspective in the work context: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 413. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00413.
  • Ho, H.C.Y. ve Yeung, D.Y. (2016). Effects of occupational future time perspective on managing stressful work situations. International Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 261–268. doi:10.1002/ijop.12144.
  • Judge, T. A., Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C. ve Kluger, A.N. (1998). Dispositional Effects on Job and Life satisfaction: The Role of Core Evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17.
  • Keser, A. ve Bilir, K.B.Ö. (2019). İş tatmini ölçeğinin türkçe güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(3), 229-239.
  • Korff, J., Biemann, T. ve Voelpel, S.C. (2016). Human resource management systems and work attitudes: the mediating role of future time perspective. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 38, 45–67. doi:10.1002/job.
  • Kozik, P., Hoppmann, C.A. ve Gerstorf, D. (2015). Future time perspective: opportunities and limitations are differentially associated with subjective well-being and hair cortisol concentration. Gerontology, 61(2), 166–174. doi:10.1159/ 000368716.
  • Kreitner, R. ve Kinicki, A. (2008). Organizational Behavior. New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
  • Kristensen, T.S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E. ve Christensen, K.B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207. doi:10.1080/02678370500297720.
  • Lang, F.R. ve Carstensen, L.L. (2002). Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 125–139. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.125.
  • Lewin, K. (1939). Field theory and experiment in social psychology: concepts and methods. Am. J. Sociol. 44, 868–896. doi:10.1086/218177.
  • Luthans, F. (2006). Organizational behavior. New York: McGraw-Hil.
  • Martin, T.N. (1979). A Contextual Model of Employee Turnover Intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 313-324.
  • Maslach, C. ve Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7(1), 63-74.
  • Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113.
  • Maslach, C., ve Schaufeli, W.B. (1993). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach ve T. Marek (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research, (ss. 1–16). Washington, DC: Taylor ve Francis.
  • Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. ve Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of vocational behavior, 61(1), 20-52.
  • Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O. ve Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408–414.
  • Morris, T., Lydka, H. ve O’Creavy, F. (1993). Can commitment be managed? A longitudinal analysis of employee commitment and human resource policies. Human Resource Management Journal, 3(3), 21-42.
  • O’Reilly, C. ve Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (3), 492–499.
  • Örücü, E. ve Özafşarlıoğlu, S. (2013). Örgütsel adaletin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Güney Afrika cumhuriyetinde bir uygulama. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(23), 335-358. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkusbed/issue/19550/208187.
  • Park, I.J. ve Jung, H. (2015). Relationships among future time perspective, career and organizational commitment, occupational self-efficacy, and turnover intention. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(9), 1547–1562. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.9.1547.
  • Pines, A. ve Aronson, E. (1988). Career burnout: Causes and cures. Free Press.
  • Porter, L.W. ve Steers, R.M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80(2), 151- 176.
  • Profili, S., Sammarra, A. ve Innocenti, L. (2017). Exploring organisational citizenship behaviour through the lens of age. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(1), 22–32. doi:10.5430/ijba.v8n1p22.
  • Rakowski, W. (1979). Future time perspective in later adulthood: Review and research directions. Experimental Aging Research, 5(1), 43–88. doi:10.1080/03610737908257187.
  • Robbins, S.P. (1996). Organizational behavior: concepts, controversies and applications, 7th Edition, Englewood Cliffs (N.J.): Prentice-Hall.
  • Rudolph, C.W., Kooij, D., Rauvola, R.S. ve Zacher, H. (2018). Occupational future time perspective: A meta-analysis of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(2), 229-248. doi:10.1002/job.2264.
  • Ruokolainen, M. (2011). Do Organizational and Job-related factors relate to organizational commitment? A mixed methodology study of the associations. university of jyväskylä. jyväskylä studies in education, Psychology and Social Research. Academic dissertation.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Müller, H. ve Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Somers, M. ve Birnbaum, D. (2000). Exploring the relationship between commitment profiles and work attitudes, employee withdrawal and job performance. Public Personnel Management, 29(3), 353-365.
  • Susskind, A.M., Borchgrevink, C.P., Kacmar, K.M. ve Brymer, R.A. (2000). Customer service employees’ behavioral intentions and attitudes: An examination of construct validity and a path model. The International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19(1), 53–77.
  • Topa, G. ve Zacher, H. (2018). Occupational future time perspective: Psychometric properties of a Spanish scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02237.
  • Tuncer, M. (2011). Yükseköğretim gençliğinin gelecek beklentileri üzerine bir araştırma. Electronic Turkish Studies, 6(2), 935-948.
  • Tweed, R.G. ve Conway, L.G. (2006). Coping Strategies and Culturally Influenced Beliefs about the World. In: Wong P.T.P. and Wong L.C.J. (Eds.). Handbook of Multicultural Perspectives on Stress and Coping. International and Cultural Psychology. Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Wasti, A.S. (1999). Organizational Commitment in a Collectivist Culture: The Case of Turkey. (Doktora Tezi), Urban-Illinois: University of Illionis.
  • Weikamp, J.G. ve Göritz, A.S. (2016). Organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction: The impact of occupational future time perspective. Human Relations, 69(11), 2091–2115. doi:10.1177/0018726716633512.
  • Zacher, H. ve Frese, M. (2009). Remaining time and opportunities at work: Relationships between age, work characteristics, and occupational future time perspective. Psychology and Aging, 24(2), 487–493. doi:10.1037/a0015425.
  • Zacher, H. ve Yang, J. (2016). Organizational climate for successful aging. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1007. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01007.

MESLEKİ GELECEK ZAMAN BEKLENTİSİNİN DUYGUSAL BAĞLILIK, İŞ TATMİNİ, TÜKENMİŞLİK VE İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: AKADEMİSYENLER ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2023, , 1427 - 1444, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1213198

Öz

Mesleki gelecek zaman beklentisi, bireyin gelecek beklentisini mesleki bağlamda algılamasıdır. Mesleki gelecek zaman beklentisinin yüksek olması örgütsel bağlılık, örgütsel özdeşleşme, iş tatmini ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı gibi istenen davranışları artırırken; olumsuz bir mesleki gelecek zaman algısı sinik çalışanlara, tükenmişliğe, yüksek personel devir hızına ve çalışanlarda işten ayrılma niyeti gibi istenmeyen davranışlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mesleki gelecek zaman beklentisi ile akademisyenlerin duygusal bağlılık, iş tatmini, tükenmişlik ve işten ayrılma niyetleri arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda hazırlanan veri toplama aracı ile Fırat Üniversitesinde farklı unvanlarda görev yapmakta olan 449 akademisyenden veri elde edilmiştir. Toplanan verilerin güvenirlik ve geçerliliğini tespit edebilmek için içsel tutarlılık ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesi aşamasında ise yapısal eşitlik modeli yol analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda mesleki gelecek zaman beklentisinin iş tatmini ve duygusal bağlılık üzerinde pozitif; tükenmişlik ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde ise negatif etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akkermans, J., de Lange, A.H., van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., Kooij, D.T.A.M., Jansen, P.G.W. ve Dikkers, J.S.E. (2016). What about time? Examining chronological and subjective age and their relation to work motivation. Career Development International, 21(4), 419–439. doi:10.1108/CDI-04-2016-0063.
  • Allen, N.J. ve Meyer, J.P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–18.
  • Bakoğlu, R., Taştan Boz, İ., Yiğit, İ. ve Yıldız, S. (2009). Tükenmişliği ölçmede alternatif bir araç Kopenhag tükenmişlik envanterinin Marmara Üniversitesi akademik personeli üzerine uyarlanması. İ.Ü. Yönetim Dergisi, 20(63), 77 - 98.
  • Bal, P. M., de Lange, A.H., Van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., Zacher, H., Oderkerk, F. ve Otten, S. (2015). Young at heart, old at work? Relations between age, (meta-)stereotypes, self-categorization, and retirement attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.09.002.
  • Barbieri, B., Zurru, M.L., Cossu, P. ve Farnese, M.L. (2015). Consequences of CIGS in flight attendants: when a dark future leads to stress and burnout. Organizational Studies, 2, 101-132.
  • Blegen, M. ve Mueller, C.W. (1987). Nurses job satisfaction. A longitudinal analysis. Research in Nursing and Health, 10. 227-237.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Data analysis handbook for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Couger, J. (1989). New Challenges in Motivating MIS Personnel. Information Systems Management, 6, 36-41.
  • Davis, K. ve Newstron, J.W. (2001). Human Behavior at Work. Mexico City: McGraw-Hill Publishers.
  • Dessler, G. (1999). How to earn your employees' commitment? The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), 13(2), 58-67.
  • Freudenberger, H.J. (1974). Staff burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 159–165.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a Ed.) Boston: Pearson, 400s.
  • George, J.M. ve Jones, G.R. (2005). Understanding and managing organizational behavior, Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. ve Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.
  • Henry, H. ve Desmette, D. (2018), Work-family enrichment and well-being: the role of occupational future time perspective. Career Development International, 23(6/7), 542-556.
  • Henry, H., Zacher, H. ve Desmette, D. (2017). Future time perspective in the work context: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 413. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00413.
  • Ho, H.C.Y. ve Yeung, D.Y. (2016). Effects of occupational future time perspective on managing stressful work situations. International Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 261–268. doi:10.1002/ijop.12144.
  • Judge, T. A., Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C. ve Kluger, A.N. (1998). Dispositional Effects on Job and Life satisfaction: The Role of Core Evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17.
  • Keser, A. ve Bilir, K.B.Ö. (2019). İş tatmini ölçeğinin türkçe güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(3), 229-239.
  • Korff, J., Biemann, T. ve Voelpel, S.C. (2016). Human resource management systems and work attitudes: the mediating role of future time perspective. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 38, 45–67. doi:10.1002/job.
  • Kozik, P., Hoppmann, C.A. ve Gerstorf, D. (2015). Future time perspective: opportunities and limitations are differentially associated with subjective well-being and hair cortisol concentration. Gerontology, 61(2), 166–174. doi:10.1159/ 000368716.
  • Kreitner, R. ve Kinicki, A. (2008). Organizational Behavior. New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
  • Kristensen, T.S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E. ve Christensen, K.B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207. doi:10.1080/02678370500297720.
  • Lang, F.R. ve Carstensen, L.L. (2002). Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 125–139. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.125.
  • Lewin, K. (1939). Field theory and experiment in social psychology: concepts and methods. Am. J. Sociol. 44, 868–896. doi:10.1086/218177.
  • Luthans, F. (2006). Organizational behavior. New York: McGraw-Hil.
  • Martin, T.N. (1979). A Contextual Model of Employee Turnover Intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 313-324.
  • Maslach, C. ve Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7(1), 63-74.
  • Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113.
  • Maslach, C., ve Schaufeli, W.B. (1993). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach ve T. Marek (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research, (ss. 1–16). Washington, DC: Taylor ve Francis.
  • Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. ve Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of vocational behavior, 61(1), 20-52.
  • Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O. ve Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408–414.
  • Morris, T., Lydka, H. ve O’Creavy, F. (1993). Can commitment be managed? A longitudinal analysis of employee commitment and human resource policies. Human Resource Management Journal, 3(3), 21-42.
  • O’Reilly, C. ve Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (3), 492–499.
  • Örücü, E. ve Özafşarlıoğlu, S. (2013). Örgütsel adaletin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Güney Afrika cumhuriyetinde bir uygulama. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(23), 335-358. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkusbed/issue/19550/208187.
  • Park, I.J. ve Jung, H. (2015). Relationships among future time perspective, career and organizational commitment, occupational self-efficacy, and turnover intention. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(9), 1547–1562. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.9.1547.
  • Pines, A. ve Aronson, E. (1988). Career burnout: Causes and cures. Free Press.
  • Porter, L.W. ve Steers, R.M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80(2), 151- 176.
  • Profili, S., Sammarra, A. ve Innocenti, L. (2017). Exploring organisational citizenship behaviour through the lens of age. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(1), 22–32. doi:10.5430/ijba.v8n1p22.
  • Rakowski, W. (1979). Future time perspective in later adulthood: Review and research directions. Experimental Aging Research, 5(1), 43–88. doi:10.1080/03610737908257187.
  • Robbins, S.P. (1996). Organizational behavior: concepts, controversies and applications, 7th Edition, Englewood Cliffs (N.J.): Prentice-Hall.
  • Rudolph, C.W., Kooij, D., Rauvola, R.S. ve Zacher, H. (2018). Occupational future time perspective: A meta-analysis of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(2), 229-248. doi:10.1002/job.2264.
  • Ruokolainen, M. (2011). Do Organizational and Job-related factors relate to organizational commitment? A mixed methodology study of the associations. university of jyväskylä. jyväskylä studies in education, Psychology and Social Research. Academic dissertation.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Müller, H. ve Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Somers, M. ve Birnbaum, D. (2000). Exploring the relationship between commitment profiles and work attitudes, employee withdrawal and job performance. Public Personnel Management, 29(3), 353-365.
  • Susskind, A.M., Borchgrevink, C.P., Kacmar, K.M. ve Brymer, R.A. (2000). Customer service employees’ behavioral intentions and attitudes: An examination of construct validity and a path model. The International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19(1), 53–77.
  • Topa, G. ve Zacher, H. (2018). Occupational future time perspective: Psychometric properties of a Spanish scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02237.
  • Tuncer, M. (2011). Yükseköğretim gençliğinin gelecek beklentileri üzerine bir araştırma. Electronic Turkish Studies, 6(2), 935-948.
  • Tweed, R.G. ve Conway, L.G. (2006). Coping Strategies and Culturally Influenced Beliefs about the World. In: Wong P.T.P. and Wong L.C.J. (Eds.). Handbook of Multicultural Perspectives on Stress and Coping. International and Cultural Psychology. Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Wasti, A.S. (1999). Organizational Commitment in a Collectivist Culture: The Case of Turkey. (Doktora Tezi), Urban-Illinois: University of Illionis.
  • Weikamp, J.G. ve Göritz, A.S. (2016). Organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction: The impact of occupational future time perspective. Human Relations, 69(11), 2091–2115. doi:10.1177/0018726716633512.
  • Zacher, H. ve Frese, M. (2009). Remaining time and opportunities at work: Relationships between age, work characteristics, and occupational future time perspective. Psychology and Aging, 24(2), 487–493. doi:10.1037/a0015425.
  • Zacher, H. ve Yang, J. (2016). Organizational climate for successful aging. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1007. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01007.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Coşkun Akça 0000-0003-3020-6694

İrfan Çağlar 0000-0002-3920-8533

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Akça, C., & Çağlar, İ. (2023). MESLEKİ GELECEK ZAMAN BEKLENTİSİNİN DUYGUSAL BAĞLILIK, İŞ TATMİNİ, TÜKENMİŞLİK VE İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: AKADEMİSYENLER ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(88), 1427-1444. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1213198

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Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

ESBD Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından tescil edilmiştir. Marka No:2011/119849.