Araştırma Makalesi
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TERRORISM: WHAT DO WE EXPERIENCE? HOW DO WE COPE?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 75, 1534 - 1545, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.653489

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ben-Zur, H., Gil, S., & Shamshins, Y. (2012). The relationship between exposure to terror through the media, coping strategies and resources, and distress and secondary traumatization. International Journal of Stress Management, 19, 132–150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027864
  • Bleich, A., Gelkopf, M., & Solomon, Z. (2003). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. Jama, 290(5), 612-620. doi:10.1001/jama.290.5.612
  • Busso, D. S., McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2014). Media exposure and sympathetic nervous system reactivity predict PTSD symptoms after the Boston marathon bombings. Depression and anxiety, 31(7), 551-558. doi: 10.1002/da.22282
  • Demirli, A. (2011). Terörizm, psikososyal etkileri ve müdahale modelleri. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 66–78.
  • Garfin, D. R., Poulin, M. J., Blum, S., & Silver, R. C. (2018). Aftermath of terror: A nationwide longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress and worry across the decade following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31(1), 146–156. doi:10.1002/jts.22262
  • Hall, B. J., Murray, S. M., Galea, S., Canetti, D., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2014). Loss of social resources predicts incident posttraumatic stress disorder during ongoing political violence within the Palestinian Authority. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(4), 561–568. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0984-z
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied psychology, 50(3), 337-421. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Canetti-Nisim, D., & Johnson, R. J. (2006). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(2), 207–218. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.2.207
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Palmieri, P. A., Johnson, R. J., Canetti-Nisim, D., Hall, B. J., & Galea, S. (2009). Trajectories of resilience, resistance, and distress during ongoing terrorism: The case of Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(1), 138–148. doi:10.1037/a0014360
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Stevens, N. R., & Zalta, A. K. (2015). Expanding the science of resilience: Conserving resources in the aid of adaptation. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 174-180. doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.1002377
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. doi: 10.1177/0022022105275959
  • Monfort, E., & Afzali, M. H. (2017). Traumatic stress symptoms after the November 13th 2015 terrorist attacks among young adults: The relation to media and emotion regulation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 75, 68–74. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.015
  • Neria, Y., & Sullivan, G. M. (2011). Understanding the mental health effects of indirect exposure to mass trauma through the media. Jama, 306(12), 1374-1375.
  • Ozgun, S. (2010). The predictors of the traumatic effect of extramarital infidelity on married women: coping strategies, resources, and forgiveness. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Paz García-Vera, M., Sanz, J., & Gutiérrez, S. (2016). A systematic review of the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of terrorist attacks. Psychological reports, 119(1), 328-359. doi: 10.1177/0033294116658243
  • Poulin, M. J., Silver, R. C., Gil-Rivas, V., Holman, E. A., & McIntosh, D. N. (2009). Finding social benefits after a collective trauma: Perceiving societal changes and well-being following 9/11. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(2), 81–90. doi:10.1002/jts.20391
  • Rimé, B., Páez, D., Basabe, N., & Martínez, F. (2009). Social sharing of emotion, post-traumatic growth, and emotional climate: Follow-up of Spanish citizen’s response to the collective trauma of March 11th terrorist attacks in Madrid. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(6), 1029–1045. doi:10.1002/ejsp.700
  • Saylor, C. F., Cowart, B. L., Lipovsky, J. A., Jackson, C., & Finch, A. J. (2003). Media exposure to September 11: Elementary school students’ experiences and posttraumatic symptoms. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 1622–1642. doi:10.1177/0002764203254619
  • Somer, E., Ruvio, A., Soref, E., & Sever, I. (2005). Terrorism, distress and coping: High versus low impact regions and direct versus indirect civilian exposure. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 18(3), 165–182. doi:10.1080/10615800500205918
  • Stein, N. R., Schorr, Y., Krantz, L., Dickstein, B. D., Solomon, Z., Horesh, D., & Litz, B. T. (2013). The differential impact of terrorism on two Israeli communities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(4), 528–535. doi:10.1111/ajop.12044
  • Walsh, F. (2016). Family resilience: a developmental systems framework. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3), 313-324. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1154035

TERÖR: NE YAŞIYORUZ? NASIL BAŞ EDİYORUZ?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 75, 1534 - 1545, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.653489

Öz

Türkiye’de yaşayan insanlar, 2015 – 2016 yılları arasında, 2015’in Temmuz ayında Suruç patlaması ile başlayan ve 31 Aralık 2016’da Reina patlaması ile son bulan bir dizi terör saldırısına maruz kalmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, terör saldırılarını medya (görsel/yazılı ve/veya sosyal medya) kanalıyla öğrenen bireylerin kendilerini güvende hissetme düzeylerini, olaylardan etkilenme düzeylerini ile Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) semptom düzeylerini yordayan baş etme kaynakları incelenmiştir. Katılımcıların güvenlik duyguları ve farklı olaylardan etkilenme düzeyleri 2 farklı Likert tipi soru ile ölçülmüştür. TSSB semptomları, DSM-5 için Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Kontrol Listesi ile, başa çıkma yolları ise Kaynakların Korunumu Ölçeği’nden (Conservation of Resources Scale) alınmış 5 madde ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, olayların katılımcıların üzerindeki etkilerinin oldukça yüksek olduğunu ve kendilerini güvende hissetmediklerini göstermektedir. Buna karşın örneklemin sadece 9.2%’sinin DSM-V’de belirtilen TSSB tanı kriterlerini karşılayacak düzeyde semptom rapor ettiğini göstermiştir. Bulgular, sosyo-ekomonomik düzeyin üç modelde de anlamlı bir yordayıcı olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşın, ilişkiyi kaynak olarak kullanmanın hem olaylardan etkilenme düzeyini hem de katılımcıların kendilerini ne denli güvende hissettiklerini yordamaktadır. Son olarak, cinsiyetin olaylardan etkilenme düzeyini yordamada anlamlı olduğu görülürken, ibadet etmenin güvende hissetmeyi yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bulgular, literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ben-Zur, H., Gil, S., & Shamshins, Y. (2012). The relationship between exposure to terror through the media, coping strategies and resources, and distress and secondary traumatization. International Journal of Stress Management, 19, 132–150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027864
  • Bleich, A., Gelkopf, M., & Solomon, Z. (2003). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. Jama, 290(5), 612-620. doi:10.1001/jama.290.5.612
  • Busso, D. S., McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2014). Media exposure and sympathetic nervous system reactivity predict PTSD symptoms after the Boston marathon bombings. Depression and anxiety, 31(7), 551-558. doi: 10.1002/da.22282
  • Demirli, A. (2011). Terörizm, psikososyal etkileri ve müdahale modelleri. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 66–78.
  • Garfin, D. R., Poulin, M. J., Blum, S., & Silver, R. C. (2018). Aftermath of terror: A nationwide longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress and worry across the decade following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31(1), 146–156. doi:10.1002/jts.22262
  • Hall, B. J., Murray, S. M., Galea, S., Canetti, D., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2014). Loss of social resources predicts incident posttraumatic stress disorder during ongoing political violence within the Palestinian Authority. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(4), 561–568. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0984-z
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied psychology, 50(3), 337-421. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Canetti-Nisim, D., & Johnson, R. J. (2006). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(2), 207–218. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.2.207
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Palmieri, P. A., Johnson, R. J., Canetti-Nisim, D., Hall, B. J., & Galea, S. (2009). Trajectories of resilience, resistance, and distress during ongoing terrorism: The case of Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(1), 138–148. doi:10.1037/a0014360
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Stevens, N. R., & Zalta, A. K. (2015). Expanding the science of resilience: Conserving resources in the aid of adaptation. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 174-180. doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.1002377
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. doi: 10.1177/0022022105275959
  • Monfort, E., & Afzali, M. H. (2017). Traumatic stress symptoms after the November 13th 2015 terrorist attacks among young adults: The relation to media and emotion regulation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 75, 68–74. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.015
  • Neria, Y., & Sullivan, G. M. (2011). Understanding the mental health effects of indirect exposure to mass trauma through the media. Jama, 306(12), 1374-1375.
  • Ozgun, S. (2010). The predictors of the traumatic effect of extramarital infidelity on married women: coping strategies, resources, and forgiveness. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Paz García-Vera, M., Sanz, J., & Gutiérrez, S. (2016). A systematic review of the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of terrorist attacks. Psychological reports, 119(1), 328-359. doi: 10.1177/0033294116658243
  • Poulin, M. J., Silver, R. C., Gil-Rivas, V., Holman, E. A., & McIntosh, D. N. (2009). Finding social benefits after a collective trauma: Perceiving societal changes and well-being following 9/11. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(2), 81–90. doi:10.1002/jts.20391
  • Rimé, B., Páez, D., Basabe, N., & Martínez, F. (2009). Social sharing of emotion, post-traumatic growth, and emotional climate: Follow-up of Spanish citizen’s response to the collective trauma of March 11th terrorist attacks in Madrid. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(6), 1029–1045. doi:10.1002/ejsp.700
  • Saylor, C. F., Cowart, B. L., Lipovsky, J. A., Jackson, C., & Finch, A. J. (2003). Media exposure to September 11: Elementary school students’ experiences and posttraumatic symptoms. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 1622–1642. doi:10.1177/0002764203254619
  • Somer, E., Ruvio, A., Soref, E., & Sever, I. (2005). Terrorism, distress and coping: High versus low impact regions and direct versus indirect civilian exposure. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 18(3), 165–182. doi:10.1080/10615800500205918
  • Stein, N. R., Schorr, Y., Krantz, L., Dickstein, B. D., Solomon, Z., Horesh, D., & Litz, B. T. (2013). The differential impact of terrorism on two Israeli communities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(4), 528–535. doi:10.1111/ajop.12044
  • Walsh, F. (2016). Family resilience: a developmental systems framework. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3), 313-324. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1154035
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Senem Zeytınoglu-saydam 0000-0003-1279-2271

Çiğdem Yumbul 0000-0003-2001-4453

Celal Yumbul 0000-0002-2788-8746

Gamze Akarca 0000-0002-1258-6059

Serkan Özgün 0000-0002-7004-8726

Sine Egeci 0000-0002-3931-7959

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 75

Kaynak Göster

APA Zeytınoglu-saydam, S., Yumbul, Ç., Yumbul, C., Akarca, G., vd. (2020). TERÖR: NE YAŞIYORUZ? NASIL BAŞ EDİYORUZ?. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(75), 1534-1545. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.653489

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ESBD Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından tescil edilmiştir. Marka No:2011/119849.