GLOBAL SHIFT: MAPPING DIFFERENT APPROACHES

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 210 - 222, 31.03.2020

Can Bıyık

https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.641064

Abstract

This
paper aims to set out a number of future transport visions (in which the long
version of the scenario narratives is characteristically formed before the
generic images) for the year 2035 which bring about a step change in the level
of sustainable transport systems through hypothetical developing urban areas.
The Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) approaches have been generated by a process of
the worldwide transport planning review, previous sustainable design works, and
extensive discussions with the transport planners, experts, policymakers
through a worldwide comprehensive survey before computer-based software was
used to create images of a range of developing urban street scenes (or
archetypes) in 2020. Then, several
international policymakers were provided with samples of generic illustrations
in the context of A-S-I approaches. This paper provides a practical
recommendation of policy actions and strategies that can be presented in many
influential developing countries in the Latin America, Africa, Middle East,
Asia and the Pacific region, which would lead to the development of future
global sustainable transport systems. It finally points out that such visions
need a considerable degree of consensus and radical approaches to tackling
them.

Keywords

Sustainable transport, Emerging economies, Policy actions

References

• [1] Linnenluecke, M.K., Verreynne, M.L., de Villiers Scheepers, M.J. and Venter, C., 2017. A review of collaborative planning approaches for transformative change towards a sustainable future. Journal of cleaner production, 142, pp.3212-3224.
• [2] Nieuwenhuis P, Vergragt P, Wells P. The business of sustainable mobility: from vision to reality. Routledge; 2017 Sep 8.
• [3] Babalik-Sutcliffe E. Urban form and sustainable transport: Lessons from the Ankara case. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2013 Sep 1;7(5):416-30.
• [4] Soltani A, Hoseini SH. An analysis of the connection between built environment, physical activity and health: comparing three urban neighbourhoods from Shiraz, Iran. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 2014 Jan 2;18(1):19-30.
• [5] Stucki M. Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Urban Areas of Africa. Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2015.
• [6] Venter C, Jennings G, Hidalgo D, Valderrama Pineda AF. The equity impacts of bus rapid transit: A review of the evidence and implications for sustainable transport. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2018 Feb 7;12(2):140-52.
• [7] Pucher J, Korattyswaropam N, Mittal N, Ittyerah N. Urban transport crisis in India. Transport Policy. 2005 May 1;12(3):185-98.
• [8] Jain M, Korzhenevych A, Hecht R. Determinants of commuting patterns in a rural-urban megaregion of India. Transport Policy. 2018 Sep 30; 68:98-106.
• [9] Kenworthy J, Hu G. Transport and urban form in Chinese cities: an international comparative and policy perspective with implications for sustainable urban transport in China. disP-The Planning Review. 2002 Jan 1;38(151):4-14.
• [10] Dapice D, Gomez-Ibanez JA, Nguyen XT. Ho Chi Minh City: the challenges of growth. United Nations Development Programme in Vietnam; 2009.
• [11] Oh JJ, Sinha KC. Self-financing and distance-based highway pricing scheme: State highway system perspective. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 2010 Oct 9;17(3):95-106.
• [12] Bhattacharya S, Rathi S, Patro SA, Tepa N. Reconceptualising smart cities: a reference framework for India. CSTEP-Report-2015-03. 2015 Sep 2.
• [13] Venter C, Jennings G, Hidalgo D, Valderrama Pineda AF. The equity impacts of bus rapid transit: A review of the evidence and implications for sustainable transport. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2018 Feb 7;12(2):140-52.
• [14] Dewar D, Todeschini F. Rethinking urban transport after modernism: lessons from South Africa. Routledge; 2017 Jul 5.
• [15] Stead D, Pojani D. The urban transport crisis in emerging economies: A comparative overview. InThe Urban Transport Crisis in Emerging Economies 2017 (pp. 283-295). Springer, Cham.
• [16] Inayatullah S. City futures in transformation: Emerging issues and case studies. Futures. 2011 Sep 1;43(7):654-61.
• [17] Jarrett J, Woodcock J, Griffiths UK, Chalabi Z, Edwards P, Roberts I, Haines A. Effect of increasing active travel in urban England and Wales on costs to the National Health Service. The Lancet. 2012 Jun 9;379(9832):2198-205.
• [18] Iwaniec D, Wiek A. Advancing sustainability visioning practice in planning—The general plan update in Phoenix, Arizona. Planning Practice & Research. 2014 Oct 20;29(5):543-68.
• [19] Järvi T, Tuominen A, Tapio P, Varho V. A transport policy tool for reduction of CO2 emissions in Finland–Visions, scenarios and pathways using pluralistic backcasting method. Transportation Research Procedia. 2015 Jan 1; 11:185-98.
• [20] The World Bank. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision-Highlights. UN. 2018.
• [21] Vasconcellos EA. Urban development and traffic accidents in Brazil. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 1999 Jul 1;31(4):319-28.
• [22] Susilo YO, TJOEWONO TB, Santosa W, Parikesit D. A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta metropolitan area. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies. 2007; 7:299-314.
• [23] Connolly P. Mexico City: our common future? Environment and Urbanization. 1999 Apr;11(1):53-78.
• [24] Wright L, Fulton L. Climate change mitigation and transport in developing nations. Transport Reviews. 2005 Nov 1;25(6):691-717.
• [25] Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (giz) GmbH. (n.d.). Sustainable Urban Transport: Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I). From Bridging the gap: www.transport2020.org/file/sutporg-asi-factsheet.pdf. 2015