EVALUATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS

Yıl 2022, , 423 - 426, 26.12.2022

Mukaddes Demir Acar , Selda Yüzer Alsaç

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1003360

Öz

It is aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of its effect on violence against children. School and work place closures and movement restrictions have radically changed how and where adults and children spend their time, and it has been reported that this can affect children'sex posture to domestic violence. A decrease in certain forms of violence against children is also reported. However, in the same literature, researcher sex plain this situation as educators and health Professional sare generally the ones who make and report abuse referrals, meaning that the number of the people who only witness the effects of violence decreases. For this reason, it was emphasized that the measures to stay at home will not mean a decrease in violence, and that the pandemic created a mask effect by keeping the violence secret. The seauthor surge teachers, social workers, doctors, and nurses to be vigilant against domestic violence, evenif only through online learning or telehealth format. It is suggested that all professionals who work closely with children and families should be careful in terms of awareness, and research addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children be conducted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child, Pandemic, Violence, COVID-19

COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE ÇOCUKLARA YÖNELİK UYGULANAN ŞİDDETİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin çocuklara yönelik şiddete etkisi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Okulların ve işyerlerinin kapanması ve hareket kısıtlamaları, yetişkinlerin ve çocukların zamanlarını nasıl ve nerede geçirdiklerini kökten değiştirmiş ve bu durumda çocukların evde şiddete maruz kalabileceği bildirilmiştir. Çocuklara yönelik şiddetin belirli biçimlerinde bir azalma olduğu da bildirilmektedir. Fakat aynı literatürde araştırmacılar bu durumu eğitimciler ve sağlık profesyonellerinin genellikle istismar yönlendirmeleri yapan, bildiren kişiler olduğunu, sadece şiddetin etkilerine tanık olan kişilerin azalması anlamına geldiği şeklinde açıklamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle evde kalma önlemlerinin şiddetin azalması anlamına gelmeyeceği, pandeminin şiddeti gizli tutarak adeta maske etkisi oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu yazarlar, öğretmenleri, sosyal hizmet uzmanlarını, doktorları ve hemşireleri, yalnızca çevrimiçi öğrenme veya tele sağlık formatı aracılığıyla bile olsa aile içi şiddete yönelik uyanık olmaya çağırmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisinin çocuklara yönelik şiddet üzerine etkisini içeren araştırmaların yapılması ve bildirim konusunda çocuk ve ailelerle yakından çalışan tüm profesyonellerin farkındalık açısından dikkatli olması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Pandemi, Şiddet, Çocuk, Child, Pandemic, Violence

Kaynakça

• Ramaswamy S, Seshadri S. Children on thebrink: Risks for child protection, sexualabuse, and related mental health problems in the COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 62(Suppl 3): S404-S413.
• Yang F. Coping strategies, cyber bullying behaviors, and depression among Chinese netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based nation wide survey. Journal of Affective Disorders 2021; 281: 138-144.
• Salt E, Wiggins AT, Cooper GL, et al. A comparison of child abuse and neglecten counters before and after school closings due to SARS-Cov-2. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 118: 105132.
• Cappa C, Jijon I. COVID-19 and violence against children: A review of early studies. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116 (2): 105053.
• Hillis SD, Mercy JA, Saul JR. The enduring impact of violence against children. Psychology, Health&Medicine 2017; 22 (4): 393-405.
• Capaldi DM, Knoble NB, Shortt JW, Kim HK. A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse 2012; 3: 231-280.
• Tharp AT, De Gue S, Valle LA, Brookmeyer KA, Massetti GM, Matjasko JL. A systematic qualitative review of risk and protective factors for sexual violence perpetration. Trauma, Violence&Abuse 2013; 14 (2):133-167.
• UNDP, United Nations Development Programme (2017). Ebola recovery in Sierra Leone: tack lingtherise in sexual and gender-based violence and teen age pregnancy during the Ebola crisis. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/crisis-prevention-and-recovery/recovering-from-the-ebola-crisis---full-report.html; Erişim tarihi: 10.08.2021.
• The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Emergencies. The guidan cenote on the protection of children during infectious disease out break. https://alliancecpha.org/en/child-protection-online-library/guidance-note-protection-children-during-infectious-disease; Erişim tarihi: 22.08.2021.
• Akoğlu G, Karaaslan BT. COVID-19 ve İzolasyon sürecinin çocuklar üzerindeki olası psikososyal etkileri, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2020; 5(2): 99-103.
• Zeyrek İ, İşeri E. COVID-19 pandemisi ve çocuk ruh sağlığı. In: Coşar B (ed), Psikiyatri ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı. Türkiye Klinikleri,Ankara 2020;ss72-79.
• Çalışkan Y. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve karantina sürecinde çocuk ruh sağlığı. Medical Research Reports 2020; 3(1):149-154.
• Pars H. COVID-19 Pandemisinde çocuklar ve pediatri hemşiresinin rolleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 2020;7(Özel Sayı): 66-75.
• Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Peña S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse&Neglect 2020; 110 (2): 104699.
• Lee SJ, Ward KP, Lee JY. Rodriguez C M. Parental socialisolation and child maltreatment risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Violence 2021; 14: 1-12.
• WHO, World Health Organization. What is the evidence on the role of thearts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329834/9789289054553-eng.pdf; Erişim tarihi:13.07.2021.
• Fabbri C, Bhatia A, Petzold M, et al. Modelling the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent discipline against children. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116: 104897.
• Save the Children (2020). The hidden impact of COVID-19: On children, research design and methods. Erişim:10.08.2021. Available from: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/library/hidden-impact-covid-19-children-global-research-series.
• Bérubé A, Clément MÈ, Lafantaisie V, et al. How societal responses to COVID-19 could contribute to child neglect. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116: 104761.
• Tierolf B, Geurts E, SteketeeM. Domestic violence in families in the Netherlands during the coronavirus crisis: A mixed method study. Child Abuse&NeglectArticle 2020; 116: 104800 .
• Chung G, Lanier P, Wong PYJ. Mediating effects of parental stress on harsh parenting and parent-child relation ship during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore. Journal of FamilyViolence 2020; 2: 1-12.
• Ward K P, Lee SJ. Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting stress, responsive ness, and child well being among low-income families. Children andYouth Services Review 2020; 116; 105218.
• Gosangi B, Park H, Thomas R, et al. Exacerbation of physical intimate partner violence during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiology 2021; 298(1): E38-E45.
• Kovler ML, Ziegfeld S, Ryan LM, et al. Increased proportion of physical child abuse injuries at a level I pediatric traumacenter during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116: 104756.
• Sidpra J, Abomeli D, Hameed B, Baker J, Mankad K. Rise in the incidence of abusive head traumaduring the COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Disease in Child hood 2021; 106(3): e14-e14.
• Ashby MP. Initial evidence on the relation ship between the coronavirus pandemic and crime in the United States. Crime Science 2020; 9: 1-16.
• Rapoport E, Reisert H, Schoeman E, Adesman A. Reporting of child maltreatment during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in New York City from March to May 2020. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116:104719.
• Petrowski N, Cappa C, Pereira A, Mason H, Daban RA. Violence against children during COVID-19: Assessing and understanding change in use of help lines. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116: 104757.
• Babvey P, Capela F, Cappa C, et al. Using socialmedia data for assessing children’sex posure to violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse&Neglect 2021; 116: 104747.
• Jain O, Gupta M, Satam S, Panda S. Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the susceptibility to cyberbullying in India?Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2020; 2: 100029.
• Erdoğan Ç, Turan T. COVID-19 pandemisinde kısıtlanan akran etkileşiminin çocukların psikososyal sağlıklarına etkileri ve bakım. Çetin H, editör. COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinin Çocukların Bakımı ve Çevresine Etkileri. 1. Baskı. Türkiye Klinikleri,Ankara 2022;ss:15-19.
• Demir Acar M, Ciftci Unal S. The effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on hospitalized children and pediatric nurse’s roles. J TOGU Heal Sci 2022;2(2):202-210.