Post-vaccination Seroprevalence Studies on the Cattle Vaccinated Against Tropical Theileriosis in Polatlı Region.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 40 - 52, 23.12.2022

Cevdet Yaralı

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1197991

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the Tropical theileriosis live schizont vaccine with the application in the field on cattle in Girmeç, Güreş, and Hıdırşeyh villages of Ankara province Polatlı district. For this purpose, the cattle in the villages were divided into 2 age groups under 1 year of age and over 1 year of age. From these, 280 cattle over 1 year of age and 35 cattle under 1 year of age were vaccinated. As the control groups, 37 cattle over 1 year of age and 70 cattle under 1 year of age were not vaccinated. After vaccination, blood was drawn from the vein jugularis of randomly selected cattle by regularly visiting the villages every month and their sera were taken for IFAT, and smears were prepared from blood samples collected from the ear tips of these animals. Seropositivity was 46.0% in the vaccinated under 1 year of age group and 29.1% in the control group. The differences between these two groups’ seropositivity were statistically insignificant (p=0.164). In the cattle over one year of age, seropositivity was 55.6 % in the vaccinated and 15.4% in the control group. The differences between these groups were found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). The rate of proplasm carrier cattle in the groups under 1 year of age is 13.5% in the vaccinated and 13.6% in the control group. The differences between these groups were not statistically significant (p=0.689). In the groups over 1 year of age, these rates are 24.7% in vaccinated cattle and 10.3% in the control group. The differences between these groups were also statistically insignificant (p=0.062). No serious complications were observed in any of the vaccinated groups. Clinical theileriosis was observed only in 3 (1 cow and 2 calves) of the vaccinated cattle. While 2 of the infected animals recovered without any treatment, 1 calf died. As a result, it was concluded that the region was stable for Tropical theileriosis thus, the cattle and newborn calves that would be introduced to this region should be vaccinated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tropical Theileriosis, Theileria annulata, cattle, prevalence, vaccine, Ankara Polatlı region

Kaynakça

• Açıcı M (1998): Samsun yöresinde tropikal theileriosise karşı aşılanan sığırlarda saha çalışmaları. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Ahmed JS, Shayan P, Hugel F-U, Biermann R, Ewald CH, Schein E. and Gerdes J (1997): Macroschizonts of Theileria annulata as vaccine and diagnostic tools. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod., 29: 128S-132S.
• Ahmed JS and Mehlhorn H (1999): Review: the cellular basis of the immunity to and immunopathogenesis of tropical theileriosis. Parasitol. Res. 85: 539-549.
• Ahmed JS, Hartwig H and Schein E (1999a): Generation of Theileria annulata-specific Cytotoxic T lymphocytes coincides with the control of tropical theileriosis. Parasitol. Res. 85: 870-872.
• Ahmed JS, Schnittger L and Mehlhorn H (1999b): Review: Theileria schizonts induce fundamental alterations in their host cells. Parasitol. Res. 85: 527-538.
• Aktaş M, Dumanlı N, Karaer Z, Çakmak A. ve Sevgili M (1999): Elazığ, Malatya ve Tunceli illerinde Theileria annulata’nın seroprevalansı. 11. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. 6-10 Eylül 1999, Sivas. Program ve Bildiri Özetleri. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova - İzmir. S.: 260.
• Aktaş M, Dumanli N and Angin M (2004): Cattle infestation by Hyalomma ticks and prevalence of Theileria in Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Veterinary Parasitology. 119 (2004) 1-8.
• Angın M ve Dumanlı N (1999): Elazığ yöresi sığırlarında Theileria annulata’nın vektörleri. F. Ü. Sağlık Bil. Dergisi. 13 (3): 283-292.
• Beniwal RK, Nichani AK, Sharma RD, Rakha, NK, Suri D and Sarup S (1997): Responses in animals vaccinated with the Theileria annulata (Hisar) cell culture vaccine. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 29: 109S-113S.
• Beniwall RK, Sharma RD and Nichani AK (2000): Determination of duration of immunity of calves vaccinated with the Theileria annulata schizont cell culture vaccine. Vet. Parasitol. 90: 25-35.
• Beyazıt A (1999): Bursa yöresinde Theileria annulata’nın epidemiyolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Bornova Vet. Kont. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 24 (38): 49-56.
• Bilgiç HB, Karagenç T, Simuunza M, Shiels B, Tait A, Eren H, Weir W (2013): Development of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle. Experimental Parasitology. 133 (2013) 222-229.
• Brown CGD (1997): Dynamics and impact of tick-borne diseases of cattle. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 29: 1S-3S.
• Caccio S, Camma C, Onuma M and Severini C (2000): The -tubulin gene of Babesia and Theileria parasites is an informative marker for species discrimination. Int. J. Parasitol. 30: 1181-1185.
• Campbell JDM, Hichani AK, Brown DJ, Howie SEM, Spooner RL and Glass EJ (1997a): Parasite-mediated steps in immune response failure during primary Theileria annulata infection. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 29: 133S-135S.
• Campbell JDM and Spooner RL (1999): Macrophages behaving badly: Infected cells and subversion of immune responses to Theileria annulata. Parasitology Today. 15: 10-16.
• Çakmak A (1987): Untersuchunger zur inzidens von haemoparasiten in einer rinderherde in der provinz Ankara. Hannover Tierartl. Hochsch. Diss. (Doktora Tezi).
• Ceylan O, Xuan X ve Sevinç F (2021): Primary Tick-Borne Protozoan and Rickettsial Infections of Animals in Turkey. Pathogens, 2021, 10, 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020231
• Dinçer Ş (1985): Theileriosis etkenlerinin taksonomisi ve morfolojisi. Ed.: Fahri Sayın: Theileriosis. 4. Parazitoloji Kongresi, Bursa, 24-26 Eylül 1985. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını. No: 5. s.: 5-28.
• Dinçer Ş, Sayın F, Karaer Z, Çakmak A, Friedhoff KT, Müller İ, İnci A, Yukarı BA ve Eren H (1991): Karadeniz bölgesi sığırlarında bulunan kan parazitlerinin sero-insidensi üzerine araştırmalar. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 38 (1-2): 206-226.
• Eren H, Özlem MB, Sert H ve Kaplan A (1998): Aydın yöresi sığırlarında Theileria annulata (Dschunkowsky&Lush)’nın prevalansı. Türkiye Parazitol. Derg. 22: 177-179.
• Flach EJ and Ouhelli H (1992): The epidemiology of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection in cattle) in an endemic area of Morocco. Vet. Parasitol. 44: 51-65.
• Göksu K (1985b): Theileriosis’in teşhisi ile ilgili gelişmeler. Ed.: Fahri Sayın: Theileriosis. 4. Parazitoloji Kongresi, Bursa, 24-26 Eylül 1985.Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını. No: 5. s.: 149-163.
• Gu G, Junkai S, Meiying Y, Jukui Z, Shijun M, Ali Y, Lixin T and Maliyam (1997): Research on the schizont cell culture vaccine against Theileria annulata infection in Xinjiang, China. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 29: 98S-100S.
• Güler S (1985): Theileriosis’de tedavi. Ed.: Fahri Sayın: Theileriosis. 4. Parazitoloji Kongresi, Bursa, 24-26 Eylül 1985. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını. No: 5. s.: 165-171.
• Ilchmann G (1989): Bovine Theileriosis. In Thomas Blaha (Ed.): Applied Veterinary Epidemiology. Elsevier, Amsterdam. p.: 148-151.
• Innes EA (1991): Theileria annulata-specific T-cell lines: Their production and application. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Sponsored by the European Communities Science and Technology for Development Programme. March 18-22, India. p.: 66-70.
• Innes EA, Brown CGD and Spooner RL (1992): Comparative ımmunobiology of Theileria annulata and Theileria parva. Ag. Biotech. News and Information. 4: 193N-199N.
• İnci A, Çakmak A, Karaer Z, Atasever A, Dinçer Ş, Sayın F, İça A ve Çam Y (1999): Kayseri Yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosis’in Epidemiyolojisi. 11. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. 6-10 Eylül 1999, Sivas. Program ve Bildiri Özetleri. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova-İzmir. S.: 161.
• İnci A, Çam Y ve Atasever A (2001): Kayseri Yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosis’e Bağlı Ekonomik Kayıplar. 12. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. 24-28 Eylül 2001, Elazığ. Program ve Özet Kitabı. S.: 61.
• İnci A, İça A, Yıldırım A, Vatansever Z, Çakmak A, Albasan H, Çam Y, Atasever A, Düzlü Ö (2008): Epidemiology of Tropical Theileriosis in the Cappadocia Region. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32(1): 57-64.
• Kachani M, Flach EJ, Williamson S, Ouhelli H, El Hasnaoui M and Spooner RL (1996): The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tropical theileriosis research in Morocco. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 26; 329-339.
• Karaer Z (1985): Theileriosis’in bulaşmasıyla ilgili gelişmeler. Ed.: Fahri Sayın: Theileriosis. 4. Parazitoloji Kongresi, Bursa, 24-26 Eylül 1985. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını. No: 5. s.: 47-76.
• Karagenç T ve Bilgiç HB (2012): Tropikal Theileriosis. Türkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2012; 3(2): 35-44.
• Karatepe B (2000): Niğde Yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosis’in aşılama sonrası epidemiyolojisi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Kirvar E (1991): Partial definition of Turkish stocks of Theileria annulata using Glucose Phosphate Isomerase Isoenzyme Electrophoresis. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Sponsored by the European Communites Science and Technology for Devolopment Programme. March 18-22, India. p.: 49-50.
• Levine ND (1973): Protozoan Parasites of Domesticated Animals and of Man. Second Edition. Burgess Publishing Company, Minnesota. p.: 335-346.
• Merdivenci A (1969): Türkiye keneleri üzerine araştırmalar. Kurtulmuş Matbaası, İstanbul. s.: 215- 365. Mimioğlu MM, Ulutaş M ve
• Güler S (1971) Yurdumuz Sığırlarında Theileriosis etkenleri ve Diğer Kan Parazitleri. Ajans-Türk Matbaacılık Sanayii / Ankara. s.: 6-47.
• Mimioğlu M (1985): Theileriosis’in tarihçesi. Ed.: F. Sayın: Theileriosis. 4. Parazitoloji Kongresi, Bursa, 24-26 Eylül 1985. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını, No: 5. s.: 1-4.
• Morrison I (1998): Theileriasis. In Ed.: S.E. Aiello: The Merck Veterinary Manual. Eighth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., U.S.A. p.: 31-33.
• Nalbantoğlu S (1996): Çukurova Yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosis’e Karşı Aşılanan Sığırlar Üzerinde Saha Çalışmaları. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Nalbantoğlu S (1998a): Theileriozis. Türk Veteriner Hekimliği Dergisi. 10 (3): 28-31.
• Nalbantoğlu S (1998b): Çukurova Yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosis’e Karşı Aşılanan Sığırlar Üzerinde Saha Çalışmaları. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 45: 35-51.
• OIE (Office International des Epizooties) MANUEL. (1996): Theileriosis. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. p.: 321-330.
• OIE Website (2022): Terrestrial Animal Health Code Online Access. Infection with Theileria annulata, T. Orientalis and T. Parva Chapter 11.10 Article 11.10.1.
• Öz İ (1999): Adana yöresinde Tropikal Thileriosise karşı aşılanan sığırlar üzerinde saha çalışmaları. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Özkoç Ü (1985): Theileriosis'de immunite-aşılama ve son yenilikler. Ed.: Fahri Sayın: Theileriosis. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını. No: 5. s.: 114-135.
• Pipano E (1994): Prospects for vaccination against Theileria annulata theileriosis. In Eds: R. Spooner and J. Campbell: European Union Third Coordination Meeting on Tropical Theileriosis. Antalya, Turkey. p.: 27-29.
• Preston PM and Jackson L (1991): Vaccines against Tropical Theileriosis. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Sponsored by the European Communites Science and Technology for Devolopment Programme. March 18-22, India. p.: 82-84.
• Rashid M, Akbar H, Rashid I, Saeed H, Ahmad L, Ahmad AS, Shehzad W, Islam S and Farooqi S (2018): Economic Significance of Tropical Theileriosis on a Holstein Friesian Dairy Farm in Pakistan. J. Parasitol., 104(3), 2018, pp. 310–312.
• Sayın F (1985b): Theileriosis’in patolojisi. Ed.: F. Sayın: Theileriosis. 4. Parazitoloji Kongresi, Bursa, 24-26 Eylül 1985. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını, No: 5. s.: 111-113.
• Sayın F (1991): Status of tropical theileriosis in Turkey. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Sponsored by the European Communities Science and Technology for Devolopment Programme. March 18-22, India. p.: 20-22.
• Sayın F, Dinçer Ş, Karaer Z, Çakmak A, İnci A, Yukarı BA ve Eren H (1991): Epidemiological study on tropical heileriosis around Ankara. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Sponsored by the European Communities Science and Technology for Devolopment Programme. March 18-22, India. pp, 51-54.
• Sayın F, Dinçer Ş, Dumanlı N, Karaer Z, Çakmak A, İnci A, Yukarı BA, Eren H, Beyazıt A, Spooner RL, Brown CGD (1994): Epidemiology of Tropical Theileriosis in Turkey. In Eds: R. Spooner and J. Campbell: European Union Third Coordination Meeting on Tropical Theileriosis. Antalya, Turkey. p.: 1-2.
• Sayın F, Nalbantoğlu S, Karaer Z, Çakmak A, Dinçer Ş, Vatansever Z (2004): Türkiye’de Tropikal Theileriosis Üzerine Araştırmalar. 5. Atenüye Theileria annulata Şizont Aşısının Düşük Dozlarının Tropikal Theileriosis’e Karşı Sığırları Korumadaki Etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 28 (2004) 963-971.
• Selim A, Weir W and Khater H (2022): Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle. Veterinary World, 15(4): 919-924.
• Singh DK (1989): Tropical Theileriosis-It’s Binomics and Control. GUJVET. p.: 1-4.
• Singh DK (1990): Methods currently used for the control of Theileria annulata: Their validity and proposals for future control strategies. Parasitologia. 32: 33-40.
• Singh DK, Grewal AS and Mangat AS (1991): Acquired immunity to tick (Hyalomma anatolicum) vector of tropical theileriosis. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Sponsored by the European Communities Science and Technology for Development Program. March 18-22, India. p.: 118-119.
• Unat EK, Yaşarol Ş, Merdivenci A (1965): Türkiyenin parazitolojik coğrafyası. Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, İzmir. s.: 44.
• Vatansever Z (1997): Çukurova Yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosis (Sığırlarda Theileria annulata enfeksiyonu)’in epidemiyolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Vatansever Z ve Nalbantoğlu S (2002): Sahada Theileria annulata ile Enfekte S›¤›rlar›n Nested PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu), IFA (‹ndirekt Floresan Antikor) Testi ve Kan Frotisi Bak›s› ile Saptanması. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 26 (2002) 1465-1469.
• Wilkie GM, Kirvar E, Thomas EM, Sparagano O, Brown CGD (1998): Stage-specific activity in vitro on the Theileria infection process of serum from calves treated prophylactically with buparvaquone. Vet. Parasitol. 80: 127-136.
• Yaman N (1998): Ankara Çubuk yöresinde Tropikal Theileriosise karşı aşılanan sığırlarda aşılama sonrası seroepidemiyolojik çalışmalar. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Zeybek H, Yaralı C ve Dündar B (1994): Çankırı yöresi sığırlarında Theileria annulata’nın sero-prevalansı. Etlik Vet. Mikrob. Derg. 8 (1): 69-79.