Mapping and Filiation of Bovine Tuberculosis Outbreaks in Türkiye (2017-2021)
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 46 - 58, 20.06.2023
Şahin Çakır
,
Mustafa Yakar
Öz
Since the beginning of the XXI. century, it has been seen that bovine tuberculosis (bTB) disease in Türkiye has both increased in the number of outbreaks and gradually spread throughout the country. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of bTB between 2017 and 2021 at the scale of outbreak premises. Besides, the basic data of the research, which includes the results of the filiation studies carried out in the outbreak premises, were taken from the veterinary information system. The inclusion of the geographical coordinates of each premises with a bTB outbreak in the system has enabled point mapping of the data throughout Türkiye by using geographical information systems. As a result, the spatial distribution of the number of bTB outbreaks both in Türkiye and in the province of Erzurum, annual and five-years temporal distribution patterns, filiation graphs of the disease, and animal movements in the outbreak premises were revealed. Although the number of bTB outbreaks varies according to years, thanks to the fact that the spatial scale in the data is at the premises level, the clustering areas in the country are determined in much more detail than the distribution maps according to the provinces. Two points provide as a concise summary of the findings. The first is to explain the spatial spread of bTB across the country; secondly, it is expected to guide decision-makers to identify target intervention areas in the fight against the disease and to determine the national fight strategy.
Teşekkür
As the authors, we would like to thank Dr. İlkem DEMİRKESEN MERT for proofreading, and Yener ŞEKERCAN, Ahmet ERCAN, Hüseyin EŞ, Mehmet Tansel TARHUNCU for supply the data of this article.
Kaynakça
- Adkin A, Brouwer A, Simons RRL, Smith RP, Arnold ME, Broughan J, Kosmider R, Downs SH. (2016) Development of risk-based trading farm scoring system to assist with the control of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in England and Wales. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 123, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.020
- Anonim. (2020) Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. World Health Organization. p.34-36.
- Branger M, Loux V, Cochard T, Boschiroli ML, Biet F, Michelet L. (2020) The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis Mb3601, a SB0120 spoligotype strain representative of a new clonal group. Infection Genetics and Evolution. 82, 104309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104309
- Buddle BM, Vordermeier HM, Chambers MA, de Klerk-Lorist LM. (2018) Efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for control of tuberculosis in domestic livestock and wildlife. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5, 259, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00259
- Byrne AW, Allen AR, O’Brien DJ, Miller MA. (2019) Editorial: Bovine tuberculosis—international perspectives on epidemiology and management. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 6, 202, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00202
- Chandran A, Williams K, Mendum T, Stewart G, Clark S, Zadi S, McLeod N, Williams A, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier M, Maroudam V, Prasad A, Bharti N, Banerjee R, Kasibhatla SM, McFadden J. (2019) Development of a diagnostic compatible BCG vaccine against Bovine tuberculosis. Scientific Reports. 9(1), 17791, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54108-y
- Cosivi O, Grange JM, Daborn CJ, Raviglione MC, Fujikura T, Cousins D, Robinson RA, Huchzermeyer HFAK, De Kantor I, Meslin FX. (1998) Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 4(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0401.980108
- Crispell J, Zadoks RN, Harris SR, Paterson B, Collins DM, de-Lisle GW, Livingstone P, Neill MA, Biek R, Lycett SJ, Kao RR, Price-Carter M. (2017) Using whole genome sequencing to investigate transmission in a multi-host system: Bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand. BMC Genomics. 18(1), 180, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3569-x
- Çakır Ş, Diker KS. (2021) Türkiye’de sığır tüberkülozu enfeksiyonun epidemiyolojik sorunları ve çözüm analizi. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 32(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.963503
- Çakır Ş, Yakar M, Keskin Fİ. (2021) Temporal and spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Turkey (2005-2020). Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 32(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.997098
- Çakır Ş, Yıldırım M, Diker KS, Keskin Fİ, Yüksel S, Deveci B, Akçay E. (2022) Epidemiological investigation of bovine tuberculosis infection dynamics in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 46(1), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-2107-23
- Çiçek H, Şenkul Ç. (2006) Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ve hayvancılık sektöründe kullanım olanakları. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi. 77, 4, 32-38.
- Çiçek H, Çiçek H, Şenkul Ç, Tandoğan M. (2008) Paraziter hastalıkların kontrolünde coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin kullanım olanakları ve hayvan sağlığı ekonomisi açısından önemi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi. 32(3), 288–294.
- Fayisa WO. (2020) Review on the importance of Geographic Information System (GIS) in epidemiology: In prevention and control of animal disease. Int J Vet Health Sci Res. 6(1), 047-051. https://doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000053
- Good M, Bakker D, Duignan A, Collins DM. (2018) The history of in vivo tuberculin testing in bovines: Tuberculosis, a “One Health” issue. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5, 59. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00059
- Luciano SA, Roess A. (2020) Human zoonotic tuberculosis and livestock exposure in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review identifying challenges in laboratory diagnosis. Zoonoses and Public Health. 67(2), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12684
- Marsot M, Béral M, Scoizec A, Mathevon Y, Durand B, Courcoul A. (2016) Herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in French cattle herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 131, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.006
- Mengistu TS, Haile AW. (2017) Review on the application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in veterinary medicine. Int J Vet Health Sci Res. 5(4), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-2748-1700036
- Napp S, Ciaravino G, Pérez de Val B, Casal J, Saéz JL, Alba A. (2019) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the surveillance system for tuberculosis in cattle in Spain. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 173, 104805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104805
- Ribeiro-Lima J, Schwabenlander S, Oakes M, Thompson B, Wells SJ. (2016) Risk profiling of cattle farms as a potential tool in risk-based surveillance for Mycobacterium bovis infection among cattle in tuberculosis-free areas. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 248, 12, 1404–1413. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.248.12.1404
- Silva MR, Rocha AS, Araújo FR, Fonseca-Júnior AA, de Alencar AP, Suffys PN, da Costa RR, Moreira MAS, Guimarães MDC. (2018) Risk factors for human Mycobacterium bovis infections in an urban area of Brazil. Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 113(8), e170445, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170445
- Skuce RA, Allen AR, McDowell SWJ. (2012) Herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis: A literature review. Veterinary Medicine International. 10, 2012. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2012/621210
- Ulugtekin N, Alkoy S, Seker DZ, Goksel C. (2006) Use of GIS in epidemiology: A case study in Istanbul. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, 41, 9, 2013-2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520600780636
Türkiye’de Sığır Tüberkülozu Mihraklarının Haritalandırılması ve Filyasyonu (2017-2021)
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 46 - 58, 20.06.2023
Şahin Çakır
,
Mustafa Yakar
Öz
XXI. yüzyılın başından itibaren Türkiye’de Sığır Tüberkülozu (bTB) hastalığının hem mihrak sayılarında artış olduğu hem de giderek ülke sathına yayılma eğilimi sergilediği görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada bTB’nin görüldüğü mihrak işletmeler ölçeğinde 2017-2021 döneminde mekânsal dağılımının haritalandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca mihrak işletmelerde yapılan filyasyon çalışmalarının sonuçlarının da yer aldığı araştırmanın temel verileri veteriner bilgi sisteminden alınmıştır. bTB mihrakı olan her bir işletmenin coğrafi koordinatlarının da sistemde yer alması, verilerin coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kullanılarak Türkiye genelinde noktasal haritalamasının yapılmasına imkân sağlamıştır. Sonuçta hem Türkiye geneli hem de Erzurum iline ait bTB mihrak sayılarının mekânsal dağılımı, yıllık ve beş yıllık zamansal dağılım örüntüleri, hastalığa ait filyasyon grafikleri ve mihrak işletmelerdeki hayvan hareketleri de ortaya konmuştur. bTB mihrak sayıları yıllara göre değişim göstermekle birlikte, verilerdeki mekânsal ölçeğin işletme düzeyinde olması sayesinde ülke içerisindeki kümelenme alanları illere göre dağılış haritalarından çok daha detaylı bir şekilde belirlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar iki noktada özetlenebilir. Birincisi, ülke genelinde bTB’nin mekânsal yayılımını açıklamak; ikincisi ise, hastalıkla mücadelede hedef müdahale alanlarının saptanması ve ulusal mücadele stratejinin belirlenmesi için karar vericilere yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Adkin A, Brouwer A, Simons RRL, Smith RP, Arnold ME, Broughan J, Kosmider R, Downs SH. (2016) Development of risk-based trading farm scoring system to assist with the control of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in England and Wales. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 123, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.020
- Anonim. (2020) Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. World Health Organization. p.34-36.
- Branger M, Loux V, Cochard T, Boschiroli ML, Biet F, Michelet L. (2020) The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis Mb3601, a SB0120 spoligotype strain representative of a new clonal group. Infection Genetics and Evolution. 82, 104309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104309
- Buddle BM, Vordermeier HM, Chambers MA, de Klerk-Lorist LM. (2018) Efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for control of tuberculosis in domestic livestock and wildlife. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5, 259, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00259
- Byrne AW, Allen AR, O’Brien DJ, Miller MA. (2019) Editorial: Bovine tuberculosis—international perspectives on epidemiology and management. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 6, 202, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00202
- Chandran A, Williams K, Mendum T, Stewart G, Clark S, Zadi S, McLeod N, Williams A, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier M, Maroudam V, Prasad A, Bharti N, Banerjee R, Kasibhatla SM, McFadden J. (2019) Development of a diagnostic compatible BCG vaccine against Bovine tuberculosis. Scientific Reports. 9(1), 17791, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54108-y
- Cosivi O, Grange JM, Daborn CJ, Raviglione MC, Fujikura T, Cousins D, Robinson RA, Huchzermeyer HFAK, De Kantor I, Meslin FX. (1998) Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 4(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0401.980108
- Crispell J, Zadoks RN, Harris SR, Paterson B, Collins DM, de-Lisle GW, Livingstone P, Neill MA, Biek R, Lycett SJ, Kao RR, Price-Carter M. (2017) Using whole genome sequencing to investigate transmission in a multi-host system: Bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand. BMC Genomics. 18(1), 180, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3569-x
- Çakır Ş, Diker KS. (2021) Türkiye’de sığır tüberkülozu enfeksiyonun epidemiyolojik sorunları ve çözüm analizi. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 32(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.963503
- Çakır Ş, Yakar M, Keskin Fİ. (2021) Temporal and spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Turkey (2005-2020). Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 32(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.997098
- Çakır Ş, Yıldırım M, Diker KS, Keskin Fİ, Yüksel S, Deveci B, Akçay E. (2022) Epidemiological investigation of bovine tuberculosis infection dynamics in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 46(1), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-2107-23
- Çiçek H, Şenkul Ç. (2006) Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ve hayvancılık sektöründe kullanım olanakları. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi. 77, 4, 32-38.
- Çiçek H, Çiçek H, Şenkul Ç, Tandoğan M. (2008) Paraziter hastalıkların kontrolünde coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin kullanım olanakları ve hayvan sağlığı ekonomisi açısından önemi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi. 32(3), 288–294.
- Fayisa WO. (2020) Review on the importance of Geographic Information System (GIS) in epidemiology: In prevention and control of animal disease. Int J Vet Health Sci Res. 6(1), 047-051. https://doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000053
- Good M, Bakker D, Duignan A, Collins DM. (2018) The history of in vivo tuberculin testing in bovines: Tuberculosis, a “One Health” issue. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5, 59. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00059
- Luciano SA, Roess A. (2020) Human zoonotic tuberculosis and livestock exposure in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review identifying challenges in laboratory diagnosis. Zoonoses and Public Health. 67(2), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12684
- Marsot M, Béral M, Scoizec A, Mathevon Y, Durand B, Courcoul A. (2016) Herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in French cattle herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 131, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.006
- Mengistu TS, Haile AW. (2017) Review on the application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in veterinary medicine. Int J Vet Health Sci Res. 5(4), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-2748-1700036
- Napp S, Ciaravino G, Pérez de Val B, Casal J, Saéz JL, Alba A. (2019) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the surveillance system for tuberculosis in cattle in Spain. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 173, 104805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104805
- Ribeiro-Lima J, Schwabenlander S, Oakes M, Thompson B, Wells SJ. (2016) Risk profiling of cattle farms as a potential tool in risk-based surveillance for Mycobacterium bovis infection among cattle in tuberculosis-free areas. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 248, 12, 1404–1413. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.248.12.1404
- Silva MR, Rocha AS, Araújo FR, Fonseca-Júnior AA, de Alencar AP, Suffys PN, da Costa RR, Moreira MAS, Guimarães MDC. (2018) Risk factors for human Mycobacterium bovis infections in an urban area of Brazil. Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 113(8), e170445, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170445
- Skuce RA, Allen AR, McDowell SWJ. (2012) Herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis: A literature review. Veterinary Medicine International. 10, 2012. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2012/621210
- Ulugtekin N, Alkoy S, Seker DZ, Goksel C. (2006) Use of GIS in epidemiology: A case study in Istanbul. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, 41, 9, 2013-2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520600780636