Effects of Exercise and Calorie Restriction on Brain and Testis in Natural Aging Model

Yıl 2021, , 21 - 26, 03.05.2021

Umay Hakgüder Ünsal Veli Üstündağ , Burçin Alev Tüzüner , Nevin Genç Hazal İpekçi Reyhan Özçelik Tuğba Tunalı-akbay , Göksel Şener , Ayşen Yarat , Ebru Emekli Alturfan

https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2021.899430

Öz

The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exercise and cal-orie restriction on various tissue damage and antioxidant parame-ters in the brain and testis of rats in a natural aging model. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were the control group (C), the elderly (A), the elderly with calorie restriction (ACR), the elderly who were exercised (AE) and the elderly who were exercised with calorie restriction (ACRE), they were divided into 5 groups. The con-trol group was composed of three-month-old animals. The other group consisted of 15-month-old rats. Exercise and calorie restric-tion were applied for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-trans-ferase (GST) and tissue factor (TF) were determined in brain and testicular tissues homogenates. As a result of the study, the A group’s brain and testis LPO, NO levels and TF activity increased, GSH levels and SOD, CAT and GST activities decreased, when com-pared to the C group. As a result of our study, an increase in oxidant damage was observed with TF activity in the brain and testis in the natural aging model, and positive effects of exercise and calorie restriction on the antioxidant levels in the brain were determined, especially in aging.

Anahtar Kelimeler

aging, brain, testis, oxidant, antioxidant

Destekleyen Kurum

Marmara University Scientific Research and Project Commission

Proje Numarası

Project No: SAG-C-YLP-131217-0662.

Doğal Yaşlanma Modelinde Egzersiz ve Kalori Kısıtlamasının Beyin ve Testiste Etkileri

Öz

Amacımız doğal yaşlanma modelinde egzersiz ve kalori kısıtlama-sının sıçanlarda beyin ve testiste çeşitli doku hasarı ve antioksidan parametreler üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla Spragu-e-Dawley sıçanlar kontrol (K), yaşlı (Y), kalori kısıtlaması uygulanan yaşlı (YKK), egzersiz uygulanan yaşlı (YE) ve kalori kısıtlaması ile egzersiz uygulanan yaşlı (YKKE) olmak üzere 5 gruba ayrıldı. Kont-rol grubu üç aylık genç hayvanlardan oluşturuldu. Diğer gruplar 15 aylık sıçanlardan oluşturuldu. Egzersiz ve kalori kısıtlaması 6 hafta boyunca uygulandı. Deney sonunda beyin ve testis dokuları homojenatlarında lipit peroksidasyon (LPO), nitrik oksit (NO), glu-tatyon (GSH) düzeyleri ile süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) ve doku faktörü (DF) aktiviteleri tayin edildi. Çalışma sonucunda K grubu ile kıyaslandığında Y grubunda, beyin ve testis LPO, NO düzeyleri ve DF aktivitelerinin arttığı, GSH düzeyleri ile SOD, CAT ve GST aktivitelerinin ise azaldığı gözlendi. Doğal yaşlanma modelinde beyin ve testiste DF aktivitesi ile be-raber oksidan hasarda artış gözlenmiş olup, özellikle yaşlanmada egzersiz ve kalori kısıtlamasının beyinde antioksidan düzeyleri üze-rinde olumlu etkileri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşlanma, beyin, testis, oksidan, antioksidan

Proje Numarası

Project No: SAG-C-YLP-131217-0662.

Kaynakça

• 1. Ergün M. Yaşlılık ve Egzersiz. TJSM; 2013; 48:131-138.
• 2. Hawkins SA, Wiswell RA, Marcell TJ. Exercise and the master athlete –a model of successful aging? (Review). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.2003; 58: 1009-11.
• 3. Wilmore J, Knuttgen H. Aerobic exercise and endurance improving fitness for health benefits. Phys Sportsmed. 2003; 31(5), 45.
• 4. Blair SN, Kohl HW 3rd, Paffenbarger RS Jr., Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW: Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA. 1989; 262: 2395-401.
• 5. Sohal RJ, Forster MJ. Caloric restriction and the aging process:a critique. Free Radic Biol Med.2014; 73: 366–382.
• 6. Segura B, Jurado MA. Metabolic syndrome and ageing: cognitive impairment and structural alterations of the central nervous system. Rev Neurol. 2009; 49(8):417-424.
• 7. Polat F, Kumral E. Normal ve patolojik beyin yaşlanması.Ege JMed. 2010; 49(3): 3-10.
• 8. Holmes RP, Goodman HO, Shihabi ZK, Jarow JP. The taurine and hypotaurine content of human semen. J Androl.1992; 13(3), 289-292.
• 9. Aitken RJ. Free radicals lipid peroxidation and sperm function. Reprod Fertil.1995;7(4): 659-668.
• 10. Aitken RJ, DeIuliis GN. On the possible origins of DNA damage in human spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod. 2010;16(1): 3-13.
• 11. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193: 265-275.
• 12. Ledwozyw A, Michalak D, Stepien A, Kadziolka A. The relationship between plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids and lipid peroxidation products during human atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 155:275-283.
• 13. Ingram GIC, Hills M. Referance method for the one stage prothrombin time test on human blood. Thromb-Haemostas. 1976; 36: 237-238.
• 14. Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA. A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide. 2001; 5(1): 62-71.
• 15. Beutler E. Glutathione in red cell metabolism. In: A manuel of biochemical methıds. 2nded, Grune and Stratton, NY,1975; 112-114.
• 16. Mylorie AA, Collins H, Umbles C, Kyle J. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and other parameters of cupper status in rats ingesting lead ADEtate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986; 82: 512-520.
• 17. Aebi H. Catalase invitro. In: Methods of enzymatic analysis Academic. ed: Bergmeyer HU, 2nd ed; 1974, 2: p: 121-126.
• 18. Habig WH, Jacoby WB. Assays for differentation of glutathione-s-transferases. Methods Enzymol.1981; 77:398-405.
• 19. Gemma C, Vila J, Bachstetter A, Bickford PC. Oxidative stress and the aging brain: from theory to prevention. In: Riddle DR, editor. Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2007. Chapter 15.
• 20. Devi SA, Kiran TR. Regional responses in antioxidant system to exercise training and dietary vitamin E in aging rat brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2004;25(4):501-8.
• 21. Sacher GA. Life table modification and life prolongation. In: Handbook of the biology of aging.Ed. Finch, C.E., Hayflick, L. New York, Van Nostrand, 1977; 582-638.
• 22. Demirsoy A. Yaşlanmanın ve ölümün evrimsel öyküsü. Geriatri. 1998; 1(1):1-12.
• 23. Tolmasoff JM, Ono T, Cutler RG. Superoxide dismutase: correlation with life span and specific metabolic rate in primate species. PNAS. 1980; 77: 2777.2781.
• 24. Mendis-Handagama SM, Gelber SJ. Signs of aging are apparent in the testis interstitium of Sprague Dawley rats at 6 months of age. Tissue Cell. 1995;27(6):689-99.
• 25. Peltola V, Huhtaniemi I, Ahotupa M. Antioxidant enzyme activity in the maturing rat testis. J Androl. 1992; 13(5):450-5.
• 26. Mruk DD, Silvestrini B, Mo MY, Cheng CY. Antioxidant superoxide dismutase - A review: Its function, regulation in the testis, and role in male fertility. Contraception. 2002;65:305–311.
• 27. Kaur P, Bansal MP. Influence of selenium induced oxidative stress on spermatogenesis and lactate dehydrogenase-X in mice testis. Asian J Androl. 2004;6:227–232
• 28. Somani SM, Husain K. Exercise training alters kinetics of antioxidant enzymes in rat tissues. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1996;38:587–595.
• 29. Manna I, Jana K, Samanta PK. Intensive swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress and reproductive dysfunction in male wistar rats: Protective role of alpha-tocopherol succinate. Can J Appl Physiol. 2004;29:172–185.
• 30. Masoro EJ. Caloric restriction and aging: an update. Exp Gerontol. 2000;35:299.
• 31. Cho Y, Cao X, Shen D, Tuo J, Parver L M., Rickles F R, Chan CC. Evidence for enhanced tissue factor expression in age-related macular degeneration. Lab Invest. 2011; 91(4), 519–526.
• 32. Kazachkova N. Aging and Thrombosis: The Role of Genetic Factors. J Blood Disord. 2016; 3(1): 1040.