TÜRKİYE’DE BULUNAN ULUSLARARASI KORUMA ALTINDAKİ REFAKATSİZ ÇOCUKLARIN SINIR ve YOLCULUK DENEYİMLERİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 286 - 302, 31.12.2022

Apak Kerem Altıntop

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye'de uluslararası koruma altındaki refakatsiz çocukların sınır ve yolculuk deneyimlerini araştırmaktır. Refakatsiz çocuklar, farklı veya benzer motivasyonlarla benzer rotalarda göç etmektedir. Bu yolculuklarda farklı insanlarla birlikte etmekteler ve bu yolculukların başından sonuna kadar farklı tehlikeler ve risklerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle araştırma, refakatsiz çocukların hareketliliğinin başlangıcından Türkiye'ye varışlarına kadar olan sürece odaklanmaktadır. Bu süreç karma göç kavramı etrafında incelenmektedir.
Araştırmada 14 kişiyle mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunlardan 8’i ex-minor’lardır (şu anda 18 yaşını tamamlamış olan ancak önceden refakatsiz çocuk statüsünde olanlar). 5’I sivil toplum alanında refakatsiz çocuklarla çalışanlardır. 1 kişi de göç idaresinde çalışmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada ex-minor’lara ulaşmak için kartopu örneklem yöntemi tercih edilmiştir.
Refakatsiz çocuklar genellikle düzensiz göç etmektedir. Çoğunluğu erkektir. Türkiye'ye geliş yaşları 11-17 arasındadır, ancak yoğunluk 15-17'dir. Geliş motivasyonları birbirinden farklıdır. Nedenler cinsel ve fiziksel şiddetten kaçma, ağır yoksulluktan kurtulma, savaş, çatışma, aile stratejisi, kariyer gelişimi olabilmektedir. Kullandıkları rotalar benzerdir. Refakatsiz çocuklar yolculuklarında ve sınırı geçerken cinsel ve fiziksel şiddet, açlık, hijyenden yoksunluk, uzun yürüyüşler, bilinmezlik, gözaltı ve göç ölüm gibi risklerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karma Göç, Refakatsiz Çocuklar, Türkiye, Uluslararası Koruma

BORDER and JOURNEY EXPERIENCE of UNACCOMPANIED CHILDREN UNDER INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION in TURKEY

Öz

The purpose of this research is to investigate the border and journey experiences of unaccompanied children under international protection in Turkey. Unaccompanied children migrate on similar routes with different or similar motivations. They migrate with different people on these journeys. These journeys pose different dangers and risks from the beginning to the end. Therefore, the research focuses on the process from the beginning of the migration of unaccompanied children to their arrival in Turkey. This process is examined through the lenses of the conceptual framework of mixed migration.
In order to conduct the research, a semi-structured in-depth interview is employed as a research method, while the snowball method was utilized to reach the ex-minors. In total, 14 people were interviewed. Of these, 8 are ex-minors (currently over 18 years old but previously unaccompanied children). 5 of them are those working with unaccompanied children in the field of civil society. One person works in migration management.
Unaccompanied children generally migrate irregularly. Most of them are men. Their ages at the time of their arrival to Turkey are differs between 11-17, but most of them are 15-17. Their motivations are different from each other. The reasons are economic, war, conflict, family strategy, and career development. The routes that they use are similar. Unaccompanied children face risks such as sexual and physical violence, hunger, deprivation of hygiene, long walks, obscurity, detention and death during their migration journey and at the border.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Protection, Mixed Migration, Turkey, Unaccompanied Children

Kaynakça

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