GÖÇ SÖYLEMİNİ ALGILAMAK: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 329 - 348, 31.12.2022

Merve Hazer Yiğit Uyar

Öz

Siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik olarak bir grubu dışlamak o grubu marjinalize ederek onu gerçek bir güvenlik sebebi yaratmaya itmek anlamına da gelmektedir. Göç ile yaratılan biz ve ötekiler algısı popülizmle körüklenmekte ve mülteciler güvenlikleştirilmektedir. Yaratılan öteki ise maalesef toplumun en kırılgan kesimlerinden biri olan mültecilerdir. Bu çalışmada temsili demokrasi konseptindeki en güçlü siyasi aktörler olarak görülen siyasi partilerin parti manifestolarına odaklanılmaktadır. Seçim manifestoları, partilerin duruşlarını gösteren resmi belgeler olması dolayısıyla önemli veri kaynaklarındandır. Mülteci Krizi öncesi ve sonrası Türkiye genel seçimleri manifestoları analize dahil edilmiştir (2007- 2011- 2015 Haziran- 2015 Kasım-2018). Karma yöntem kullanılarak göçün siyasal söylemde yer aldığı kategorilerin popülizm, güvenlikleştirme ve Avrupa şüpheciliği ile olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Seçim manifestolarının göç söylemleri politik tutumlarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel argümanı ancak mülteci krizi ile beraber mülteci, göçmen, sığınmacı kelimelerine öteki anlamının yüklendiği ve siyasal söylemde popülist retoriklerde güvenlikleştirme ile beraber yer alıp yabancı düşmanlığı ve Avrupa şüpheci argümanlarla desteklendiği yönündedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Göç, Mülteci, Güvenlikleştirme, Popülizm, Uluslararası Siyaset

GRASPING THE MIGRATION DISCOURSE: CASE OF TURKEY

Öz

To exclude a group politically, socially and economically also means marginalizing that group and pushing it to create a real reason for security. The perception of us and others created by migration is fueled by populism, and refugees are securitized. The other created is unfortunately refugees, one of the most vulnerable segments of society. This study focuses on the party manifestos of political parties, which are seen as the strongest political actors in the concept of representative democracy. Election manifestos are important data sources as they are official documents showing the positions of the parties. Turkey’s general election manifestos before and after the Refugee Crisis were included in the analysis (2007- 2011- 2015 June- 2015 November- 2018). Using the mixed method, it has been claimed that the categories in which migration takes place in political discourse are populism, securitization, Euroscepticism. Migration discourses of election manifestos are associated with political attitudes. The main argument of this study is that only with the refugee crisis, the words refugee, immigrant, asylum seeker are given the meaning of other and they take place together with securitization in populist rhetoric in political discourse and are supported by xenophobic and Eurosceptic arguments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Keywords: International Migration, Refugee, Securitization, Populism, International Politics

Kaynakça

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