Hibrit Savaş, Bir Savaş Aracı Olarak Göç Silahı ve Rusya Uygulaması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 238 - 257, 31.12.2022

Selin Başer

Öz

Dünyanın durmaksızın devam eden değişim ve dönüşümüne paralel olarak savaş kavramı da dönüşüme uğramış; günümüzdeki savaş ve çatışma yöntemleri “hibrit” bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Bu çerçevede, hedef öznenin zayıf yönlerine göre özel olarak yapılandırılmış, geleneksel ve geleneksel olmayan yöntemleri bir arada içeren hibrit savaş ve stratejilerin kullanımı günden güne artmıştır. Hibrit çatışma ortamında başvurulan en etkili araçlardan birisi de insan göçünün ve özellikle toplu göçlerin, belli amaçlara ulaşmak için kasten kullanılmasıdır. Böyle bir kullanım, literatürde “göçün silah olarak kullanılması” veya kısaca “göçün silahlaştırılması” olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın öncelikli amacı, günümüzün hibrit çatışma ortamında göçün silah olarak kullanılmasının ne anlam ifade ettiği ve bunun ne şekillerde mümkün olabileceği konusunda okuyucunun aydınlatılmasıdır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise göçü silah olarak kullanma konusundaki ustalığıyla diğer uluslararası aktörlerden ayrışan Rusya’nın uygulamalarına yakından bakılmış ve en çok başvurduğu göç silahları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylelikle bugüne kadar üzerinde fazlaca çalışılmamış olan göçün silahlaştırılması konusunda literatüre katkı sağlanmasının yanı sıra Rusya’nın, bugüne kadar yürüttüğü savaş ve operasyonlar dahilinde başvurduğu göç silahlarına ilişkin olarak, okuyucuya daha derinlikli bir bakış açısı kazandırılması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hibrit Savaş, Hibrit Çatışma Ortamı, Göçün Silah Olarak Kullanılması, Göçün Silahlaştırılması, Rusya

Hybrid Warfare, Migration Weapon as a Warfare Tool and the Practice of Russia

Öz

In parallel with the continuous change and transformation of the world, the concept of war has also undergone a transformation; today's war and conflict methods have taken on a "hybrid" structure. In this context, the use of hybrid strategies, which are specially structured according to the weaknesses of the target subject and include a combination of traditional and non-traditional methods, has increased day by day. One of the most effective tools used in a hybrid conflict environment is the deliberate use of human migration, and especially mass migration. Such a use is named in the literature as the "weaponization of migration". The primary purpose of this study is to enlighten the reader about what it means to use migration as a weapon in today's hybrid conflict environment and how it can be realized. In the second part of the study, the practices of Russia, which is distinctive among other international actors with its mastery in weaponization of migration, are closely examined and the most effective migration weapons of Russia are tried to be determined. Thus, in addition to contributing to the literature on the weaponization of migration, which has not been studied much until now, it is also aimed to provide the reader a more in-depth perspective about Russia’s migration weapons it has used within the scope of its wars and operations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hybrid Warfare, Hybrid Conflict Environment, Use of Migration as a Weapon, Weaponization of Migration, Russia

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