Battery Caused Fires in Electric Vehicles

Yıl 2022, , 21 - 27, 31.12.2022

Ümit Şenyürek , Hakan Serhad Soyhan , Doç. Dr. Cenk Çelik

https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1054263

Cited By: 1

Öz

Nowadays, the global trend of reducing exhaust emissions and the increasing the demand for clean energy sources have initiated the development of electric vehicles by many vehicle manufacturers. We are starting to encounter electric vehicles, whose mass production is relatively new, on the roads more and more every day. Fire response methods, which are one of the most common emergencies encountered in electric vehicles, which are widely used, differently in the extinguishing agent and extinguishing methods of fires compared to gasoline or diesel engine vehicles. In this study, the causes of the thermal leak formation mechanism in batteries, which are the most basic place of fires encountered in electric vehicles, will be examined, and information on the methods of intervention to the fire that may occur will be examined. By means of the results obtained from here, the possibilities of application in electric and semi-electric (hybrid) vehicles will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electric Vehicle, thermal runaway, lithium-on battery

Elektrikli Araçlarda Batarya Kaynaklı Yangınlar

Öz

Günümüzde global olarak egzos emisyonlarının düşürülmesi eğilimi ile temiz enerji kaynaklarına olan talebin artması, bir çok araç üreticisinin elektrikli araçları geliştirmesi sürecini başlatmıştır. Seri üretimi göreceli olarak yeni olan elektrikli araçlara günümüzde yollarda her geçen gün daha fazla karşılaşmaya başladık. Kullanımı yaygınlaşan elektrikli araçlarda karşılaşılan en yaygın acil durumlardan biri olan yangınların müdahale yöntemlerinin içten yanmalı motorlu araçlara göre yangınların oluşumu ve söndürme mekanizmasının farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, elektrikli araçlarda karşılaşılan yangınların en temel oluşum yeri olan bataryalarda, termal kaçak oluşum mekanizmasının sebepleri incelenecek, oluşabilecek yangına müdahale yöntemleri hakkında bilgiler irdelenecektir. Buradan çıkan sonuçlar vasıtasıyla elektrikli ve yarı elektrikli (hibrit) araçlarda uygulanma ihtimalleri irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrikli araç, Lityum-iyon pil, Termal kaçak

Kaynakça

• [1] Bellis, M. , "The Early Years", The History of Electric Vehicles, About.com, retrieved 6 July 2006.
• [2] "Het wagentje van Stratingh". University of Groningen (in Dutch). 5 June 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
• [3]. Marty Ahrens, National Fire Protection Association Fire Analysis and Research Division, “U.S. Vehicle Fire Trends And Patterns”, June 2010.
• [4] Muratoğlu Y. , Alkaya A.A Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Battery Management Systems, Journal of the Chamber of Electrical Engineers, issue 458, pages 10-14, 2016.
• [5] R A Hanifah, S F Toha and S Ahmad, IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors, Electric Vehicle Battery Modelling and Performance Comparison in Relation to Range Anxiety, 2015.
• [6] C Iclodean, B Varga, N Burnete, D Cimerdean, B Jurchiș, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, “Comparison of Different Battery Types for Electric Vehicles”, 2017.
• [7] R. Thomas Long Jr., Andrew F. Blum, Thomas J. Bress, Benjamin R.T. Cotts, “Best Practices for Emergency Response to Incidents Involving Electric Vehicles Battery Hazards: A Report on Full-Scale Testing Results”, The Fıre Protectıon Research Foundatıon One Batterymarch Park, June 2013.
• [8] "IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies Recipients". IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Retrieved 29 July 2019. [9] "Yoshio Nishi". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
• [10] Brian Mok, “Types of Batteries Used for Electric Vehicles”, Submitted as coursework for PH240, Stanford University, Fall 2016.
• [11] Daniel H. Doughty, Ahmad A. Pesaran, Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance, National laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, October 2012.
• [12] Peiyi Sun and Xinyan Huang, Roeland Bisschop, Huichang Niu, Guangzhou, A Review of Battery Fires in Electric Vehicles, Fire Technology, 56, 1361–1410, 2020.
• [13] Fredrik Larsson, Petra Andersson, Per Blomqvist, Anders Loren, Bengt-Erik Mellander, “Characteristics of lithium-ion batteries during fire tests”, Journal of Power Sources, 15 August 2014.
• [14] Mohammadmahdi Ghiji,Vasily Novozhilov, Khalid Moinuddin, Paul Joseph, Ian Burch, Brigitta Suendermann, Grant Gamble, “A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression”, Energies 2020, 13, 5117; doi:10.3390/en13195117, 1 October 2020.
• [15] Junchao Zhao, Feng Xue, Yangyang Fu, Yuan Cheng, Hui Yang, Song Lu, “A comparative study on the thermal runawayinhibition of 18650 lithium-ion batteries by different fire extinguishing agents”, Zhao et al., iScience 24, 102854 August 20, 2021.
• [16] “Information For First and Second Responders Emergency Response Guide Tesla Model S Electric”, Version 001.