Elektrikli Araçlarda Batarya Yangınlarına Genel Bakış

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 29 - 40, 31.12.2023

Mehmet İhsan Karamangil , Ali Sürmen , Merve Tekin

https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1224612

Öz

Trafiğe kayıtlı hibrit ve elektrikli taşıt sayısı hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde her geçen gün artmaktadır. Kirletici emisyon üretmemeleri, işletme maliyetlerinin düşük olması, sessiz çalışmaları gibi birçok avantaj sunan elektrikli araçlar bazı problemleri de birlikte getirmektedir. Bunlardan bir tanesi de yangın riskleri ve yangın sırasında çıkan ısıl yüklerin fazla olmasıdır. Klasik araçlarda çıkan yangınlar ve bu yangınlara müdahale yöntemi bilinmekle birlikte elektrikli bir araç yangınına nasıl müdahale edilir, kaza yönetimi nasıl olmalıdır en azından ülkemiz için henüz tam olarak netleşmemiş bir konudur. Bu çalışmada sırasıyla elektrikli bir araçta batarya yangınlarının çıkış sebepleri, farklı batarya türlerinin yangına etkisi ve yangına müdahale yöntemleri anlatılacaktır. Lityum iyon bataryalarda anot malzemesi olarak grafit yerine Li4Ti5O12 (Lityum Titanat Oksit) veya başka metaller (Si, Sn, Sb, Ge vs..) ve bu metallerin lityum ile alaşım yapabilen bileşenlerinin kullanımı, katot malzemesi olarak LCO (Lityum Kobalt Oksit) veya NCM (Nikel Kobalt Mangan) yerine LiFePO4 (Lityum Demir Fosfat) kullanımı, elektrolit malzemesi olarak daha kararlı lityum tuzları, elektrolit katkı maddeleri ve yanıcı olmayan solvent kullanımının yangın riskini azalttığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lityum–iyon batarya, yangın, ısıl sürüklenme

Teşekkür

Bu makale 8-11 Eylül 2022 tarihlerinde düzenlenen 16. Uluslararası Yanma Sempozyumu'nda (INCOS 2022) bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.

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