ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE LOJİSTİK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2021, , 1245 - 1260, 16.09.2021

Süleyman Yurtkuran

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.875759

Cited By: 4

Öz

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de 1974-2019 döneminde ekonomik büyüme, birincil enerji kaynakları tüketimi ve lojistik arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Seriler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisini belirlemek için Bayer-Hanck yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ampirik analiz uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme, birincil enerji kaynakları tüketimi ve lojistik arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun dönem katsayılarını belirlemek için tam değiştirilmiş en küçük kareler, dinamik en küçük kareler ve kanonik eşbütünleşme regresyonu tahmincileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar birincil enerji kaynaklarının ve lojistiğin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin pozitif, ekonomik büyümenin ve lojistiğin birincil enerji kaynakları üzerindeki etkisinin sırasıyla pozitif ve negatif olduğunu göstermektedir. Ekonomik büyüme ve birincil enerji kaynakları tüketimi arasında Türkiye’de geri bildirim hipotezi geçerlidir. Enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki karşılıklı bağımlılık, birincil enerji kaynaklarının ekonomik büyüme için önemli olduğunu ve aynı şekilde ekonomik büyümenin de birincil enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını teşvik ettiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte lojistik sektöründe yenilenemez kaynaklara ikame olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı arttırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekonomik büyüme, Birincil enerji tüketimi, Lojistik

The Relationshıp between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Logıstic: The Case of Turkey

Öz

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between economic growth, primary energy consumption and logistics in Turkey during 1974-2019. Bayer-Hanck approach is used to assess the cointegration between variables. The empirical analysis confirms the presence of a long-run relationship between primary energy consumption, economic growth and logistics. Fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares and canonical cointegrating regression are used to estimate the long-term coefficients. The results demonstrate that the effect of primary energy consumption and logistics on economic growth is positive, the effect of economic growth and logistic on energy consumption is positive and negative, respectively. Feedback hypothesis between economic growth and consumption of primary energy resources in Turkey is valid. The interdependence between energy consumption and economic growth suggests that primary energy sources are important for economic growth and likewise economic growth promotes the use of primary energy sources. In addition, the use of renewable energy sources should be increased as a substitute for non-renewable sources in the logistics sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic growth, Primary energy consumption, Logistics

Kaynakça

• Adewuyi, A. O., Awodumi, O. B. (2017). Renewable and non-renewable energy-growth-emissions linkages: Review of emerging trends with policy implications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, 275-291.
• Alper, F. Ö. (2018). Yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: 1990-2017 Türkiye örneği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242.
• Altinay, G., Karagol, E. (2004). Structural break, unit root, and the causality between energy consumption and GDP in Turkey. Energy Economics, 26(6), 985-994.
• Altıntaş, H. (2013). Türkiye’de birincil enerji tüketimi, karbondioksit emisyonu ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 263-294.
• Apergis, N., Payne, J. E. (2009). Energy consumption and economic growth in Central America: evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Energy Economics, 31(2), 211-216.
• Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., Mestre, R. (1998). Error‐correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single‐equation framework. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 19(3), 267-283.
• Bayer, C., Hanck, C. (2013). Combining non‐cointegration tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83-95.
• Boswijk, H. P. (1994). Testing for an unstable root in conditional and structural error correction models. Journal of Econometrics, 63(1), 37-60.
• Bowden, N., Payne, J. E. (2010). Sectoral analysis of the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real output in the US. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 5(4), 400-408.
• Bulut, U., Muratoğlu, G. (2018). Renewable Energy in Turkey: Great Potential, Low but Increasing Utilization, and an Empirical Analysis on Renewable Energy-Growth nexus. Energy Policy, 123, 240-250.
• Clark, X., Dollar, D., Micco, A. (2004). Port Efficiency, Maritime Transport Costs, and Bilateral Trade, Journal of Development Economics, 75(2), 417-450.
• Demurger, S. (2001). Infrastructure development and economic growth: an explanation for regional disparities in China?. Journal Of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 95-117.
• Dickey, D.A., Fuller W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for an autoregressive time series with a unit root, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
• Ding, L., Haynes, K. E., Liu, Y. (2008). Telecommunications infrastructure and regional income convergence in China: Panel data approaches. The Annals of Regional Science, 42(4), 843-861.
• Edenhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Seyboth, K., Matschoss, P., Kadner, S., Stechow, C. (2011). Summary for policy makers. IPCC special report on renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation. In Tech. Rep., working group III of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK.
• El-Berishy, N., Rügge, I., Scholz-Reiter, B. (2013). The Interrelation between sustainability and green logistics. In Proceedings of the 6th IFAC Conference on Management and Control of Production and Logistics, Fortaleza, Brazil, 11-13 September.
• Engle, R.F., Granger, C.W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 55(2), 251-276.
• Erdal, G., Erdal, H., Esengün, K. (2008). The causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Energy Policy, 36(10), 3838-3842.
• Fisher, Ronald, A. (1932). Statistical methods for research workers. Edinburgh: OliverandBoyd.
• Fleisher, B. M., Chen, J. (1997). The coast–noncoast income gap, productivity, and regional economic policy in China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 25(2), 220-236.
• Fuinhas, J. A., Marques, A. C. (2012). Energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain and Turkey: An ARDL bounds test approach (1965–2009). Energy Economics, 34(2), 511-517.
• Granger, C. W. (1981). Some properties of time series data and their use in econometric model specification. Journal of Econometrics, 16(1), 121-130.
• Ha, N. M., Ngoc, B. H. (2020). Revisiting the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Vietnam: new evidence by asymmetric ARDL cointegration. Applied Economics Letters, 1-7.
• Halicioglu, F. (2007). Residential electricity demand dynamics in Turkey. Energy Economics, 29(2), 199-210.
• International Energy Agency (2019). World Energy Outlook 2019, https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2019
• Jebli M. B., Youssef S. B. (2015). Output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries. Renewable Energy, 83, 799-808.
• Johansen, S., Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration-with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210.
• Khadaroo, A. J., Seetanah, B. (2010). Transport infrastructure and foreign direct investment. Journal of International Development: The Journal of the Development Studies Association, 22(1), 103-123.
• Kraft, J., Kraft, A. (1978). On the relationship between energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
• Lean, H. H., Huang, W., Hong, J. (2014). Logistics and economic development: Experience from China. Transport Policy, 32, 96-104.
• Lumsdaine, R. L., Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple trend breaks and the unit-root hypothesis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212-218.
• Mark, N. C., Sul, D. (2003). Cointegration vector estimation by panel DOLS and long-run money demand. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 65(5), 655-680.
• Micco, A., Serebrisky, T. (2006). Competition Regimes and Air Transport Costs: The Effects of Open Skies Agreements. Journal of International Economics, 70(1), 25-51.
• Mody, A., Wang, F. Y. (1997). Explaining industrial growth in coastal China: Economic reforms and what else?. The World Bank Economic Review, 11(2), 293-325.
• Mucuk, M., Uysal, D. (2009). Türkiye ekonomisinde enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme. Maliye Dergisi, 157(1), 105-115.
• Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
• Nguyen, H. M., Ngoc, B. H. (2020). Energy consumption-economic growth nexus in vietnam: An ARDL approach with a structural break. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(1), 101-110.
• Pao, H. T., Fu, H. C. (2013). Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 381-392.
• Park, J. Y. (1992). Canonical cointegrating regressions. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 60(1), 119-143
• Park, S. (2020). Quality of transport infrastructure and logistics as source of comparative advantage. Transport Policy, 99, 54-62.
• Park, J. S., Seo, Y. J. (2016). The impact of seaports on the regional economies in South Korea: Panel evidence from the augmented Solow model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 85, 107-119.
• Pata, U. K. (2018). The influence of coal and noncarbohydrate energy consumption on CO2 emissions: revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Turkey. Energy, 160, 1115-1123.
• Pata, U. K., Yurtkuran, S., Kalça, A. (2016). Türkiye’de enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme: ARDL Sınır Testi yaklaşımı. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 38(2), 255-271. Payne, J. E. (2009). On the dynamics of energy consumption and output in the US. Applied Energy, 86(4), 575-577.
• Phillips, P.C., Hansen, B.E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), 99-125.
• Phillips, P.C. B., Perron, P. (1988). Testing for unit roots in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
• Rahman, M. M. (2017). Do population density, economic growth, energy use and exports adversely affect environmental quality in Asian populous countries?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, 506-514.
• Rahman, M. M., Velayutham, E. (2020). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus: new evidence from South Asia. Renewable Energy, 147, 399-408.
• Saidi, S., Mani, V., Mefteh, H., Shahbaz, M., Akhtar, P. (2020). Dynamic linkages between transport, logistics, foreign direct investment, and economic growth: Empirical evidence from developing countries. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 141, 277-293.
• Salim, R. A., Hassan, K., Shafiei, S. (2014). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic activities: Further evidence from OECD countries. Energy Economics, 44, 350-360.
• Say, N. P., Yücel, M. (2006). Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Empirical analysis and future projection based on an economic growth. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3870-3876.
• Sebri, M., Ben-Salha, O., 2014. On the causal dynamics between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and trade openness: Fresh evidence from BRICS countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 14-23.
• Sezer, S., Abasiz, T. (2017). The impact of logistics industry on economic growth: An application in OECD countries. Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 11-23.
• Shahbaz, M., Van Hoang, T. H., Mahalik, M. K., Roubaud, D. (2017). Energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in India: New evidence from a nonlinear and asymmetric analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 199-212.
• Shan, J., Yu, M., Lee, C. Y. (2014). An empirical investigation of the seaport’s economic impact: Evidence from major ports in China. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 69, 41-53.
• Soytas, U., Sari, R., Ozdemir, O. (2001). Energy consumption and GDP relation in Turkey: A cointegration and vector error correction analysis. Economies and business in transition: Facilitating competitiveness and change in the global environment proceedings, 1, 838-844.
• Stern, D. I. (1993). Energy and economic growth in the USA: a multivariate approach. Energy Economics, 15(2), 137-150.
• Stock, J.H., Watson, M.W. (1993). A simple estimator of cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated systems. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 61(4), 783-820.
• Şengül, S., Tuncer, İ. (2006). Türkiye’de enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme: 1960-2000. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 21(242), 69-80.
• Tang, C. F., Tan, B. W., Ozturk, I. (2016). Energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1506-1514.
• Vaona, A. (2012). Granger non-causality tests between (non) renewable energy consumption and output in Italy since 1861: The(ir) relevance of structural breaks. Energy Policy, 45, 226-236.
• Wesseh Jr, P. K., Lin, B. (2016). Can African countries efficiently build their economies on renewable energy?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 161-173.
• Yurtkuran, S. (2021a). The effect of agriculture, renewable energy production, and globalization on CO2 emissions in Turkey: A bootstrap ARDL approach. Renewable Energy, 171, 1236-1245.
• Yurtkuran, S. (2021b). Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliği ve yeşil lojistik: Türkiye örneği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(45), 171-201.
• Zivot, E., Andrews, D. W. K. (2002). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(1), 25-44.