Effıciency Of Fungicide Programs At Management of a Seed Born Disease Gummy Stem Blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm (Syn. Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) Chiu & J. C. Walker)] on Watermelon

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3, 45 - 54, 22.12.2020

Ceren Cer , Necip Tosun

Öz

In recent years, the usage of grafted seedling keeps an important place in vegetable production. In Turkey, there is no effective management way or registrated fungicide against to gummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae, cause to serious economical loses at the production of grafted watermelon seedling. In this study, the effects of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 µg / ml doses of 5 different fungicides on mycelial growth of 4 D. bryoniae isolates were determined under in vitro conditions. Afterward, 2 different seed trials were established in which the artificially inoculated watermelon seeds sown into sterile peat and disease-free watermelon seeds were sown in the artificially inoculated peat with the disease agent, and 3 different active ingredients were applied under greenhouse conditions and their effectiveness was determined. At the last stage of the study, 2 different spraying programs were prepared by combining some plant activators with fungicides which are found effective under in vitro conditions and applied to watermelon seedlings in pots under greenhouse conditions. In in vitro experiment, pyraclostrobin (12.8%) + boscalid (25.2%) with ED50 value of <0.3 µg / ml and MIC value of 9 µg / ml gave the best result. In the seed trial azoxystrobin (6.64%) + metalaxyl-m (3.32%) + fludioxonil (1.11%) provided the best protection against the disease. And in the seedling trial established in pots under greenhouse conditions; 2 different spraying programs tried were found to be highly effective and approximately the same. As a result, it was seen that D. bryoniae can be controlled with effective seed and seedling applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Watermelon, grafted seedling, Didymella bryoniae, gummy stem blight, seed, plant defence activator

Karpuzda Tohum Kaynaklı Zamklı Gövde Çürüklüğü [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm (Syn. Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) Chiu & J. C. Walker)] Hastalığının Savaşımında İlaçlama Programlarının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması

Öz

Günümüzde sebze üretiminde aşılı fide kullanımı önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ülkemizde son yıllarda aşılı karpuz fidesi üretiminde ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Zamklı Gövde Çürüklüğü Hastalığı etmeni Didymella bryoniae’ye karşı ülkemizde etkili bir mücadele yöntemi ve ruhsatlı bir preparat kullanılmamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, in vitro koşullarda 5 farklı fungisitin 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 µg/ml dozları, 4 D. bryoniae izolatının miselyal gelişimine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra etmenin yapay olarak inokule edildiği bulaşık karpuz tohumlarının steril torfa, yine hastalık etmeninin yapay olarak bulaştırıldığı torfa da hastalıktan ari karpuz tohumlarının ekildiği 2 farklı tohum denemesi kurulmuş ve sera koşullarında 3 farklı preparat tohum ilaçlaması olarak uygulanarak etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında da in vitro’da etkili bulunan fungisitlerle bazı bitki aktivatörleri kombine edilerek 2 ayrı ilaçlama programı hazırlanmış ve sera koşullarında saksıda karpuz fidelerine uygulanmıştır. In vitro koşullarda kurulan denemede, en iyi sonucu <0,3 µg/ml ED50 değeri ve 9 µg/ml MIC değeri ile pyraclostrobin (%12,8)+boscalid (%25,2) etkili maddeli preparat vermiştir. Sera koşullarında kurulan tohum denemesinde ise hastalığa karşı en iyi korumayı azoxystrobin (%6,64) + metalaxyl-m (%3,32) + fludioxonil (% 1,11) etkili maddeli preparat sağlamıştır. Yine sera koşullarında saksılarda kurulan fide denemesinde ise; denenen 2 ayrı ilaçlama programı da yüksek ve yaklaşık olarak aynı oranda etkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak D. bryoniae etmeninin etkili tohum ve fide uygulamalarıyla kontrol altına alınabileceği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karpuz, Aşılı fide, Didymella bryoniae, Zamklı gövde çürüklüğü, tohum, bitki aktivatörü

Kaynakça

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