Bioactive component analysis of seed coat hexane extract of Ardahan (Türkiye) walnut
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 89 - 94, 30.08.2024
Esra Palabıyık
,
Handan Uğuz
,
Bahri Avcı
,
Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
,
Bilal Yılmaz
,
Hakan Aşkın
Öz
The walnut seed coat (WSC), a significant waste product that is underappreciated compared to other walnut parts, is responsible for the emergence of biological potential, has a favorable and protective effect on health, and includes a wealth of bioactive phytochemicals. Considering this situation, the aim of the study was to clarify the bioactive components in the WSC hexane extract. A hexane WSC extract (H-WSC) was initially produced to conduct the analysis. Four chemical components in the walnut seed coat were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Accordingly, the main components in hexane extracts are β-sitosterol (%32.91) and ethyl iso-allocolate (%52.06); other components are 3-(octadecyloxy)propyl (9E)-9-octadecenoate (%8.41) and santa camphor (%4.45).
Destekleyen Kurum
Ataturk University
Teşekkür
We would like to thank Atatürk University Faculty of Pharmacy for the GC-MS analyzes of the study and the Department of Chemistry of the Faculty of Science for the plant extraction.
Kaynakça
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Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 89 - 94, 30.08.2024
Esra Palabıyık
,
Handan Uğuz
,
Bahri Avcı
,
Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
,
Bilal Yılmaz
,
Hakan Aşkın
Kaynakça
- Abubacker, M. N., & Devi, P. K. (2014). In vitro antifungal potentials of bioactive compound oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester isolated from Lepidagathis cristata Willd.(Acanthaceae) inflorescence. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7, S190-S193.
- Alawode, T. T., Lajide, L., Olaleye, M., & Owolabi, B. (2021). Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol: Antimicrobial compounds in the leaves of Icacina trichantha identified by GC-MS. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10, 1-8.
- Alkali, K., Dikwa, K. B., Ajibade, G. A., Magaji, Y., & Abdulhamid, M. B. (2024). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals screening of aqueous, methanol and hexane leaves extracts of Senna occidentalis. Asian Plant Research Journal, 12(3), 27-35.
- Arsana, I. N., Juliasih, N. K. A., Ayu Sauca Sunia Widyantari, A. A., Suriani, N. L., & Manto, A. (2022). GC-MS analysis of the active compound in ethanol extracts of white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and pharmacological effects. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 151-161.
- Askin, S., Askin, H., Dursun, E., Palabiyik, E., Uguz, H., Cakmak, O., & Koc, K. (2022b). The hepato-renal protective potential of walnut seed skin extract against acute renal ischemia/reperfusion damage. Cytokine, 153, 155861.
- Askin, H., Askın, S., & Palabiyik, E. (2022a). Walnut seed coat can attenuate renal ischemia reperfusion injury in distant organ by inhibiting apoptosis. Health Sciences in International Research (1st edition) (pp 93-104). New York: Eğitim Publishing Group, Inc.
- Bayrak, S., Ozturk, C., Demir, Y., Alim, Z., & Kufrevioglu, O. I. (2020). Purification of polyphenol oxidase from potato and investigation of the inhibitory effects of phenolic acids on enzyme activity. Protein and Peptide Letters, 27(3), 187-192.
- Bhosale, Y. K., Varghese, S. M., Thivya, P., Hema, V., & Sinija, V. R. (2021). Studies on assessment of safety and nutritional quality of shallot waste fractions. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(2), e15147.
- Boligon, A. A., Schwanz, T. G., Piana, M., Bandeira, R. V., Frohlich, J. K., Brum, T. F. D., ... & Athayde, M. L. (2013). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. leaves. Natural Product Research, 27(1), 68-71.
- Choi, N. H., Jang, J. Y., Choi, G. J., Choi, Y. H., Jang, K. S., Min, B. S., ... & Kim, J. C. (2017). Antifungal activity of sterols and Dipsacus saponins isolated from Dipsacus asper roots against phytopathogenic fungi. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 141, 103-108.
- Dardeer, H. M., Abbas, S. A., El-Sayyad, G. S., & Ali, M. F. (2022). Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin polymer on physicochemical, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties of a novel chitosan-camphor polymer. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 219, 1062-1079.
- Demir, Y., Durmaz, L., Taslimi, P., & Gulcin, I. (2019). Antidiabetic properties of dietary phenolic compounds: Inhibition effects on α‐amylase, aldose reductase, and α‐glycosidase. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 66(5), 781-786.
- Devaraj, E., Roy, A., Royapuram Veeraragavan, G., Magesh, A., Varikalam Sleeba, A., Arivarasu, L., & Marimuthu Parasuraman, B. (2020). β-Sitosterol attenuates carbon tetrachloride–induced oxidative stress and chronic liver injury in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, 393, 1067-1075.
- Diab, T. A., Donia, T., & Saad-Allah, K. M. (2021). Characterization, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of some Egyptian wild plant extracts. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(1), 1-13.
- Dos Santos, E., Leitão, M. M., Ito, C. N. A., Silva-Filho, S. E., Arena, A. C., de Souza Silva-Comar, F. M., ... & Kassuya, C. A. L. (2021). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory articular effects of essential oil and camphor isolated from Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gürke leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 269, 113697.
- El-Naggar, H. M., Shehata, A. M., & Morsi, M. A. A. (2023). Micropropagation and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in bulbs and callus of white squill. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 59(1), 154-166.
- Fachriyah, E., Ayu, T., & Kusrini, D. (2019). Identification of phenolic acid from ethanol extract leaves binahong (Anredera cordifolia (ten) stennis) and antioxidant activity test. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1217(1), 012051.
- FAO, (2024). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#search/walnut/, Last accessed on August 25, 2024.
- Gaanapriya, V., Sivakumar, V. M., & Thirumarimurugan, M. (2024). In-vitro studies of bioactive nanoemulgel from agro-waste and mathematical modeling of drug release. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology (IJCT), 31(1), 135-142.
- Geng, S., Ning, D., Ma, T., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., & Sun, X. (2021). Comprehensive analysis of the components of walnut kernel (Juglans regia L.) in China. Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 1-11.
- Guz, L., Wawrzykowski, J., & Adaszek, Ł. (2021). Anti-babesial potential and chemical composition of essential oil from yarrow Achillea millefolium. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 24(1), 79-84.
- Ivanov, M., Kannan, A., Stojković, D. S., Glamočlija, J., Calhelha, R. C., Ferreira, I. C., ... & Soković, M. (2021). Camphor and eucalyptol—Anticandidal spectrum, antivirulence effect, efflux pumps interference and cytotoxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 483.
- Johnson, T. O., Odoh, K. D., Nwonuma, C. O., Akinsanmi, A. O., & Adegboyega, A. E. (2020). Biochemical evaluation and molecular docking assessment of the anti-inflammatory potential of Phyllanthus nivosus leaf against ulcerative colitis. Heliyon, 6(5), 1-10.
- Karahan, F., Ozyigit, I. I., Saracoglu, I. A., Yalcin, I. E., Ozyigit, A. H., & Ilcim, A. (2020). Heavy metal levels and mineral nutrient status in different parts of various medicinal plants collected from eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 197, 316-329.
- Karakose, M. (2022). Vascular plant diversity of Esenli (Giresun) forest planning unit. Forestist, 72(2), 156-164.
- Khongthaw, B., Chauhan, P. K., Dulta, K., Kumar, V., & Ighalo, J. O. (2023). A comparison of conventional and novel phytonutrient extraction techniques from various sources and their potential applications. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 17(2), 1317-1342.
- Komaki, A., Kordali, S., Bozhuyuk, A. U., & Bostan, H. (2019). Microbial organisms detected on Juglans regia in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(9), 6432-6434.
- Kumar, R., Ramachaandra, S. K., Kaushik, S., Austin, H., & Rajesh, T. (2024). Bioprospecting of wild botanicals against Alternaria leaf blight of radish and their phytochemical profiling by GC-MS. Research Square.
- Lin, F., Xu, L., Huang, M., Deng, B., Zhang, W., Zeng, Z., & Yinzhi, S. (2020). β-Sitosterol protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting PPARγ/NF-κB signalling. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020(1), 2679409.
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