An Experimental Study About Evaluating the Effects of Government’s Obesity Corruption Policies by Neuro-Imaging Method
Yıl 2017,
Sayı: 629, 51 - 62, 01.07.2017
Sabiha Kılıç
,
Deniz Aytaç
,
K. Müge Çakaröz
Öz
In the study, two basic policies, which are implemented by the government against obesity, are evaluated. These are taxing the products, which causes obesity and reducing the marketing of these products. These obesity corruption policies were investigated based on experimental data obtained by EEG neuro-imaging technique. There are 20 volunteers in the experimental study. 10 of the participants are normal weight (five women and five men) and 10 of the participants are overweight (five women and five men). The participants watched a 53 second video which includes images related to obesity corruption policies. 7169 line numeric data were obtained from each participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Two sample T Test was used as analysis method. By the help of obtained results, policy recommendations have been developed in the study.
Kaynakça
- ANDREYEVA, Tatiana, LONG, Michael, BROWNELL, Kelly.D.; (2010), “The Impact of Food Prices on Consumption: A Systematic Review of Research on The Price Elasticity of Demand For Food”, Am J Public Health, (100), ss.216–222.
- ANDREYEVA, Tatiana, CHALOUPKA, Frank J., BROWNELL, Kelly D.; (2011), “Estimating The Potential of Taxes on SugarSweetened Beverages To Reduce Consumption and Generate Revenue”, Preventive Medicine, (52), ss.413–416.
- BARBAS, Helen; (2007), “Flow of Information For Emotions Through Temporal and Orbitofrontal Pathways”, Journal of Anatomy, 211,ss. 237-249.
- BOLZENIUS, Jacob D, LAIDLAW, David H., CABEEN, Ryan P., CONTURO, Thomas. E., McMichael, A. R., LANE, Elizabeth M.; (2015), “Brain Structure and Cognitive Correlates of Body Mass Index In Healty Older Adults”, Behavioral Brain Research, Elsevier B.V., 278, ss. 342-347.
- CARNELL, Susan, GIBSON, Charlisa, BENSON, Lisa., OCHNER, Christopher. N., GELIEBTER, Allan.; (2012), “Neuroimaging and Obesity: Current Knowledge and Future Directions”, Obesity Reviews, 13,ss. 43-56.
- COLDITZ, Graham W., WANG, Clare; (2008), “Economic Costs of Obesity”, (Ed.) Hu F, Obesity Epidemiology, New York: Oxford University Press.
- CROSSMAN, Alan R. NEARY, David; (2005), Neuroanatomy, Manchester: Churchill Livingstone Elsever.
- EDWARDS, Ryan D., (2011), “Commentary: Soda Taxes, Obesity, and The Shifty Behavior of Consumers”. Preventive. Medicine, (52), ss. 417–418.
- ERTUĞRUL, Aygün, REZAKİ, Murat; (2006), “Prefrontal Cortex and Schizophrenia”, Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 16(2), ss. 118-127.
- GARCIA-GARCIA, Isabel, JURADO, M. Angeles, GAROLERA, Matie, SEGURA, Barbara, SALA-LLONCH, Roser, MARQUÉSITURRIA, Idoa; (2013), “Alterations of the Salience Network in Obesity: A Resting-State fMRI Study”, Human Brain Mapping, 34, ss. 2786-2797.
- GÖKBUNAR, Ramazan, DOĞAN, Alper, UTKUSEVEN, Ahmet; (2015), “Obezite İle Mücadelede Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Vergilerin Değerlendirilmesi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 22(2), ss. 581-602)
- HURT, Yan .T., KULISEK, Christopher, BUCHANAN L.A., MCCLAVE, A .Stephen; (2010),”The Obesity Epidemic: Challenges, Health Initiatives, and Implications for Gastroenterologists”, Gastroenterology&Hepatology , 6(12), ss.780-792.
- KUL, Seval; (2011), “Klinik Araştırmalarda Örnek Büyüklüğü Belirleme”. Plevra Bülteni, 2, ss. 129-132.
- KULLMANN, Stephanie, HENI, Martin, VEIT, Ralph, KETTERER, Caroline, SCHICK, Fritz, HÄRING, Hans U; (2012), “The Obese Brain: Association of Body Mass Index and Insulin Sensitivity With Resting State Network Functional Connectivity”, Human Brain Mapping, 33, ss. 1052-1061.
- MARQUÉS-ITURRIA, Idoia, PUEYO, Roser, GAROLERA, Maite, SEGURA, Barbara, JUNQUÉ, Carme, GARCÍA, Isabela; (2013), “Frontal Cortical Thinnig and Subcortical Volume Reductions In Early Adulthood Obesity”, Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging, Elsevier, 214, ss. 109-115.
- MEIER, Ursula, GRESSNER, Axel M.; (2004), “Endocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism: Review of Pathobiochemical and Clinical Chemical Aspects of Leptin, Ghrelin, Adiponectin and Resistin”, Clinical Chemistry, 50, ss. 1511-1525.
- MONTELEONE, Palmiero, MAJ, Mario; (2013), “Dysfunctions of Leptin, Ghrelin, BDNF and Endocannabinoids In Eating Disorders: Beyond the Homeostatic Control of Food Intake”, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Elsevier Ltd., 38, ss.312-330.
- NOVAK, Nicole L., BROWNELL, Kelly D.;(2012), “Role of Policy and Government in the Obesity Epidemic”, American Heart Association, ss.2345-2352.
- OPEL, Nils, REDLICH, Ronny, GROTEGERD, Dominik, DOHM, Katharina, HAUPENTHAL, Cordula, HEINDEL, Walter
- vd.; (2015), “Enhanced Neural Responsiveness to Reward Associated With Obesity in the Absence of Food-Related Stimuli”, Human Brain Mapping, 36, ss. 2330-2337.
- OPEL, Nils, REDLICH, Ronny, GROTEGERD, Dominik, DOHM, Katharina, HEINDEL, Walter,vd.; (2015), “Obesity and Major Depression: Body-Mass Index(BMI) is Associated With A Severe Course of Disease and Specific Neurostructural Alternations”, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Elsevier Ltd., 51, ss. 219-226.
- ÖZEN, Nurper, REZAKİ Murat; (2007), “Prefrontal Korteks: Bellek İşlevi ve Bunama ile İlişkisi”, Türk Psikiyatri Derneği, 3, ss. 262-269.
- PARK, Bo-yong, Seo, JONGBUM, YI, Juneho, PARK, Hyunjin; (2015), “Structural and Fonctional Brain Connectivity of People With Obesity and Prediction of Body Mass Index Using Connectivity”, Plos One, November 4, ss. 1-14
- PETRIDES, Michael; (2000), “Dissociable Roles of Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Anterior Inferotempral Cortex in Visual Working Memory”, Journal of Neuroscience, 20, ss. 7496-7503
- RAJI, Cyrus A., HO, April J., PARIKSHAK, Neelroop, BECKER, S. KILIÇ - D. AYTAÇ - K. M. ÇAKARÖZ James T., LOPEZ, O. Lewis, vd.; (2010), “Brain Structure and Obesity”, Human Brain Mapping, 31, ss. 353-364.
- Sağlık Bakanlığı(2013), Türkiye Sağlıklı Beslenme ve Hareketli Hayat Programı, Ankara.
- SHOTT, Megan E., CORNIER, Marc Andre, MITTAL, Vijay. A., PRYOR, Tamara L., ORR, Joseph M., BROWN, Mark S., vd.; (2015), “Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume and Brain Reward Response In Obesity”, International Journal Of Obesity, Nature Publishing Group, 39, ss. 214-221.
- STICE, Eric, SPOOR, Sonia, Bohon, Cara; (2008), “Relation of Reward From Food Intake and Anticipated Food Intake to Obesity: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, ss. 924-935.
- STIGLITZ, Joseph; (2000), Economics of Public Sector, W.W. Norton Company.
- WALKER, Jonathan E., KAZLOWSKI, Gerald P., LAWSON, Robert; (2007), “A Modular Activationy/Coherence Approach to Evaluating Clinical/QEEG Correlations”, Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(11), ss.25-44.
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; (2015), Obesity and Overweight. ZARARSIZ, İsmail, SARSILMAZ, Mustafa; (2005), “Prefrontal Korteks”, Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(25), ss. 232- 237.
- www.who.int, E.T.: 10.06.2016
- http://beslenme.gov.tr/, E.T.:11.07.2016
- http://www.thsm.gov.tr/, E.T.: 07.07.2016
- http://www.eeguzerine.com/?s=Icerik&No=1331884783, E.T.: 05.05.2016
- http://www.diytdcs.com/2014/10/mapping-10-20-system-tobrain-functioning/,E.T.: 03.05.2016.
Devletin Obeziteyle Mücadele Politikalarının Etki Düzeylerinin Nörogörüntüleme Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Deneysel Bir Çalışma
Yıl 2017,
Sayı: 629, 51 - 62, 01.07.2017
Sabiha Kılıç
,
Deniz Aytaç
,
K. Müge Çakaröz
Öz
Çalışmada devletin obeziteyle mücadele kapsamında uyguladığı iki temel politika değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlar; obeziteye neden olan ürünlerin vergilendirilmesi ve söz konusu ürünlerin reklam ve promosyon yasaklarıyla pazarlanmasının azaltılması şeklindedir. Çalışmada obeziteyle mücadele politikaları EEG nörogörüntüleme tekniğiyle elde edilen deneysel verilere göre incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmada 20 gönüllü katılımcı yer almaktadır. Katılımcıların 10 tanesi normal kilolu beş Kadın ve beş Erkek, 10 tanesi kilolu beş Kadın ve beş Erkek’ten oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara 53sn’lik obeziteyle mücadele politikalarına ilişkin görsellerin yer aldığı video izlettirilmiştir. Her bir katılımcıdan 7.169 satırlık sayısal veri elde edilmiştir. Verilerin ortalamaları alınarak SPSS 19.0 istatistik programında analiz edilmiştir. Analiz yöntemi olarak bağımsız iki örneklem T Testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular kapsamında politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- ANDREYEVA, Tatiana, LONG, Michael, BROWNELL, Kelly.D.; (2010), “The Impact of Food Prices on Consumption: A Systematic Review of Research on The Price Elasticity of Demand For Food”, Am J Public Health, (100), ss.216–222.
- ANDREYEVA, Tatiana, CHALOUPKA, Frank J., BROWNELL, Kelly D.; (2011), “Estimating The Potential of Taxes on SugarSweetened Beverages To Reduce Consumption and Generate Revenue”, Preventive Medicine, (52), ss.413–416.
- BARBAS, Helen; (2007), “Flow of Information For Emotions Through Temporal and Orbitofrontal Pathways”, Journal of Anatomy, 211,ss. 237-249.
- BOLZENIUS, Jacob D, LAIDLAW, David H., CABEEN, Ryan P., CONTURO, Thomas. E., McMichael, A. R., LANE, Elizabeth M.; (2015), “Brain Structure and Cognitive Correlates of Body Mass Index In Healty Older Adults”, Behavioral Brain Research, Elsevier B.V., 278, ss. 342-347.
- CARNELL, Susan, GIBSON, Charlisa, BENSON, Lisa., OCHNER, Christopher. N., GELIEBTER, Allan.; (2012), “Neuroimaging and Obesity: Current Knowledge and Future Directions”, Obesity Reviews, 13,ss. 43-56.
- COLDITZ, Graham W., WANG, Clare; (2008), “Economic Costs of Obesity”, (Ed.) Hu F, Obesity Epidemiology, New York: Oxford University Press.
- CROSSMAN, Alan R. NEARY, David; (2005), Neuroanatomy, Manchester: Churchill Livingstone Elsever.
- EDWARDS, Ryan D., (2011), “Commentary: Soda Taxes, Obesity, and The Shifty Behavior of Consumers”. Preventive. Medicine, (52), ss. 417–418.
- ERTUĞRUL, Aygün, REZAKİ, Murat; (2006), “Prefrontal Cortex and Schizophrenia”, Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 16(2), ss. 118-127.
- GARCIA-GARCIA, Isabel, JURADO, M. Angeles, GAROLERA, Matie, SEGURA, Barbara, SALA-LLONCH, Roser, MARQUÉSITURRIA, Idoa; (2013), “Alterations of the Salience Network in Obesity: A Resting-State fMRI Study”, Human Brain Mapping, 34, ss. 2786-2797.
- GÖKBUNAR, Ramazan, DOĞAN, Alper, UTKUSEVEN, Ahmet; (2015), “Obezite İle Mücadelede Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Vergilerin Değerlendirilmesi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 22(2), ss. 581-602)
- HURT, Yan .T., KULISEK, Christopher, BUCHANAN L.A., MCCLAVE, A .Stephen; (2010),”The Obesity Epidemic: Challenges, Health Initiatives, and Implications for Gastroenterologists”, Gastroenterology&Hepatology , 6(12), ss.780-792.
- KUL, Seval; (2011), “Klinik Araştırmalarda Örnek Büyüklüğü Belirleme”. Plevra Bülteni, 2, ss. 129-132.
- KULLMANN, Stephanie, HENI, Martin, VEIT, Ralph, KETTERER, Caroline, SCHICK, Fritz, HÄRING, Hans U; (2012), “The Obese Brain: Association of Body Mass Index and Insulin Sensitivity With Resting State Network Functional Connectivity”, Human Brain Mapping, 33, ss. 1052-1061.
- MARQUÉS-ITURRIA, Idoia, PUEYO, Roser, GAROLERA, Maite, SEGURA, Barbara, JUNQUÉ, Carme, GARCÍA, Isabela; (2013), “Frontal Cortical Thinnig and Subcortical Volume Reductions In Early Adulthood Obesity”, Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging, Elsevier, 214, ss. 109-115.
- MEIER, Ursula, GRESSNER, Axel M.; (2004), “Endocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism: Review of Pathobiochemical and Clinical Chemical Aspects of Leptin, Ghrelin, Adiponectin and Resistin”, Clinical Chemistry, 50, ss. 1511-1525.
- MONTELEONE, Palmiero, MAJ, Mario; (2013), “Dysfunctions of Leptin, Ghrelin, BDNF and Endocannabinoids In Eating Disorders: Beyond the Homeostatic Control of Food Intake”, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Elsevier Ltd., 38, ss.312-330.
- NOVAK, Nicole L., BROWNELL, Kelly D.;(2012), “Role of Policy and Government in the Obesity Epidemic”, American Heart Association, ss.2345-2352.
- OPEL, Nils, REDLICH, Ronny, GROTEGERD, Dominik, DOHM, Katharina, HAUPENTHAL, Cordula, HEINDEL, Walter
- vd.; (2015), “Enhanced Neural Responsiveness to Reward Associated With Obesity in the Absence of Food-Related Stimuli”, Human Brain Mapping, 36, ss. 2330-2337.
- OPEL, Nils, REDLICH, Ronny, GROTEGERD, Dominik, DOHM, Katharina, HEINDEL, Walter,vd.; (2015), “Obesity and Major Depression: Body-Mass Index(BMI) is Associated With A Severe Course of Disease and Specific Neurostructural Alternations”, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Elsevier Ltd., 51, ss. 219-226.
- ÖZEN, Nurper, REZAKİ Murat; (2007), “Prefrontal Korteks: Bellek İşlevi ve Bunama ile İlişkisi”, Türk Psikiyatri Derneği, 3, ss. 262-269.
- PARK, Bo-yong, Seo, JONGBUM, YI, Juneho, PARK, Hyunjin; (2015), “Structural and Fonctional Brain Connectivity of People With Obesity and Prediction of Body Mass Index Using Connectivity”, Plos One, November 4, ss. 1-14
- PETRIDES, Michael; (2000), “Dissociable Roles of Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Anterior Inferotempral Cortex in Visual Working Memory”, Journal of Neuroscience, 20, ss. 7496-7503
- RAJI, Cyrus A., HO, April J., PARIKSHAK, Neelroop, BECKER, S. KILIÇ - D. AYTAÇ - K. M. ÇAKARÖZ James T., LOPEZ, O. Lewis, vd.; (2010), “Brain Structure and Obesity”, Human Brain Mapping, 31, ss. 353-364.
- Sağlık Bakanlığı(2013), Türkiye Sağlıklı Beslenme ve Hareketli Hayat Programı, Ankara.
- SHOTT, Megan E., CORNIER, Marc Andre, MITTAL, Vijay. A., PRYOR, Tamara L., ORR, Joseph M., BROWN, Mark S., vd.; (2015), “Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume and Brain Reward Response In Obesity”, International Journal Of Obesity, Nature Publishing Group, 39, ss. 214-221.
- STICE, Eric, SPOOR, Sonia, Bohon, Cara; (2008), “Relation of Reward From Food Intake and Anticipated Food Intake to Obesity: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, ss. 924-935.
- STIGLITZ, Joseph; (2000), Economics of Public Sector, W.W. Norton Company.
- WALKER, Jonathan E., KAZLOWSKI, Gerald P., LAWSON, Robert; (2007), “A Modular Activationy/Coherence Approach to Evaluating Clinical/QEEG Correlations”, Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(11), ss.25-44.
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; (2015), Obesity and Overweight. ZARARSIZ, İsmail, SARSILMAZ, Mustafa; (2005), “Prefrontal Korteks”, Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(25), ss. 232- 237.
- www.who.int, E.T.: 10.06.2016
- http://beslenme.gov.tr/, E.T.:11.07.2016
- http://www.thsm.gov.tr/, E.T.: 07.07.2016
- http://www.eeguzerine.com/?s=Icerik&No=1331884783, E.T.: 05.05.2016
- http://www.diytdcs.com/2014/10/mapping-10-20-system-tobrain-functioning/,E.T.: 03.05.2016.