İslami Fİntek Ekosistemi Üzerine Bİr Değerlendirme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 63 - 99, 26.05.2020

Yavuz Demirdöğen

Öz

Fintekler yeni nesil teknolojik gelişmeleri kullanarak finansal inovasyon geliştiren şirketlerdir. Finans sektörü, genel hizmetlerden bireysel ürünlere doğru dönüşmektedir. Fintek girişimleri, konvansiyonel endüstrinin sunduğu servisler dışında ürünler sunarak bu değişimin öncüsü olmuştur. Geleceğin finans piyasası mikro ölçekte kişisel çözümler üreten zaman ve mekâna bağlı olmadan, her gelir grubuna hitap eden firmalardan oluşacaktır.
İslami finans Şer’i kurallarla sınırlı olduğundan konvansiyonel finansın kullandığı her argümanı kullanamamaktadır. Fintekler faiz oranı, kâr marjı, risk analizi gibi faaliyetleri kendileri belirlediğinden konvansiyonel bankaların ilgilenmek istemedikleri müşterilere ulaşma potansiyeline sahiptir. Diğer yandan İslami finans, geleneksel finansın kısıtlarından kurtulabilmek için İslami fintekleri yanına almak durumundadır. Çalışmanın amacı İslami finteklerin “İslami” kalarak finans alanında istenen farklılığı oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir. İslami fintek sayısı fintek evreninin sadece %6’sına denk gelmektedir. Şer’i uyumlu olma zorunluluğu olmadığından şirketlerin “İslami” olduğuna karar vermek diğer etkenlerle mümkün olmaktadır.
İslami fintek ekosisteminin incelendiği çalışmada, bu kategoriye giren kuruluşların yapısı, Şer’i uyumluluğu, karşılaştığı zorluklar ve fırsatlar ele alınmıştır. Fintek ekosistemiyle alakalı sağlıklı bilgilere ulaşmanın zorluğu bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple İslami fintek sınıflandırılması etkin olarak IFNFintech tarafından yapıldığından kurumların listesine belirtilen siteden ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan analizde İslami fintek kuruluşlarının henüz emekleme aşamasında olduğu, genelde ekonomisi gelişmiş ülkelerde sistematik yapıya sahip olduğu, özellikle yetişmiş personel eksikliği bulunduğu ve sermayeye ulaşmada zorluklar yaşadığı görülmüştür. Şirketlerin ağırlıklı olarak kitlesel fonlamaya yöneldiği, ardından mobil sistemler ve kripto paralar ile ilgili girişimlerin öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. İslami start-upların gelişimleri gelecek için umut vaat etmektedir. İslami finteklerin gelişmesinin İslami bankalarla entegrasyonuyla daha çabuk sağlanacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fintek, İslami Fintek, Finansal Teknolojiler

Kaynakça

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