Electromyostimulation Applications for Sportive Performance and Sports-Healt

Yıl 2024, , 97 - 116, 24.06.2024

Şengül Toğanç , Yeliz Pınar , Hayri Ertan

https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1479482

Öz

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) consists of applying electrical currents to muscle or peripheral nerves to produce involuntary muscle contractions. EMS has long been used in many rehabilitation settings to support voluntary muscle activation, to improve fitness and health in healthy individuals and patients who are unable to perform traditional voluntary exercise due to illness, to retrain muscle movement, to facilitate muscle contraction, to strengthen muscle and to maintain muscle mass and strength during prolonged periods of inactivity, to restore strength losses and to complement voluntary exercise in athletes. Traditional local EMS, which is widely used in orthopedic treatment and rehabilitation, has progressed to whole-body electromyostimulation (TB-EMS) with advancing technology.Due to its increasing popularity, time efficiency, ease of common use and individualized application, TB-EMS has become the subject of more and more scientific research. In line with the goals expected from the EMS application; it is possible that electromyostimulation application applied with different exercise protocols, different use of variables in EMS parameters, and different study groups (sedentary, athlete, patient, elderly) may create different physiological effects.It is possible to obtain different findings with a change in these variables at the point of application. Such differences in findings require more systematic research that takes into account the possible influence of these factors on EMS effectiveness. With this review study, it is aimed to provide an overview of the electromyostimulation application used in sports performance and sports-health aspects on different populations in the application dimension, as well as information and evaluations on current approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EMS, Electrical Muscle Stimulation, Whole Body Electromyostimulation, Sportive Performance

Sportif Performans ve Spor-Sağlık Amacıyla Elektromiyostimülasyon Uygulamaları

Öz

Elektromiyostimülasyon (EMS), istemsiz kas kasılmaları elde etmek için kas veya periferik sinirlere elektrik akımları uygulanması ile oluşmaktadır. EMS uygulaması, birçok rehabilitasyon ortamında istemli kas aktivasyonunu desteklemek, sağlıklı bireylerde ve hastalık nedeniyle geleneksel istemli egzersizi yapamayan hastalarda zindeliği ve sağlığı iyileştirmek, kas hareketinin yeniden eğitimi, kas kasılmasının kolaylaştırılması, kas güçlendirilmesi ve uzun süreli hareketsizlik dönemleri sırasında kas kütlesinin ve gücünün korunması, kuvvet kayıplarının geri kazanılması ve sporcularda istemli egzersizi tamamlayıcı olarak, uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Ortopedik tedavide ve rehabilitasyon amaçlı yaygın olarak uygulanan geleneksel lokal EMS, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte tüm beden elektromiyostimülasyon (TB-EMS) yöntemine ilerlemiştir. Artan popülaritesi, zaman verimliliği, ortak kullanım kolaylığı ve bireyselleştirilmiş uygulaması nedeniyle TB-EMS giderek daha fazla bilimsel araştırmanın konusu haline gelmiştir.Yapılan EMS uygulamasından beklenen hedefler doğrultusunda; farklı egzersiz protokolleri , EMS parametrelerindeki değişkenlerin farklı kullanımı,farklı çalışma grupları (sedanter, sporcu, hasta, yaşlı) ile birlikte uygulanan elektromiyostimülasyon uygulamasının fizyolojik olarak farklı etkiler oluşturabilmesi mümkündür.Uygulama noktasında bu değişkenlerde yapılan bir değişiklik ile farklı bulgular elde edilmesi muhtemeldir. Bulgulardaki bu tür farklılıklar, bu faktörlerin EMS etkinliği üzerindeki olası etkisini dikkate alan daha sistematik araştırmaların yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu derleme çalışması ile uygulama boyutunda farklı popülasyonlar üzerinde sportif performans ve spor-sağlık yönüyle kullanılan elektromiyostimülasyon uygulamasına genel bir bakış ile birlikte güncel yaklaşımlara yönelik bilgiler, değerlendirmeler sunmak amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EMS, Elektriksel Kas Uyarımı, Tüm Beden Elektromiyostimülasyon, Sportif Performans

Kaynakça

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