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Reklamda Odaklanma Alanı: Bir Göz Takibi Uygulaması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 77 - 83, 31.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.1506664

Öz

Bu çalışma, reklamcılıkta göz izleme teknolojisinin etkisini, özellikle cinsiyete dayalı analiz üzerine odaklanarak araştırmaktadır. Pazarlama stratejileri gelişmiş, teknolojik ilerlemelere ve tüketici davranışlarındaki değişikliklere uyum sağlamıştır. Güncel aşama olan Pazarlama 5.0, yapay zeka, artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik gibi teknolojileri kullanarak veriye dayalı ve kişiselleştirilmiş pazarlama deneyimleri yaratmaktadır. İnsan-bilgisayar etkileşimi (HCI), bu teknolojik gelişmelerden, özellikle göz izleme teknolojisinin kullanımı yoluyla önemli ölçüde yararlanmıştır. Bu teknoloji, bireylerin bir hedef nesne veya uyaran üzerinde dikkatlerini nereye odakladıklarına dair değerli içgörüler sağlayarak, bilinçaltı tercihleri ve davranışları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu makalede sunulan araştırma, reklamlardaki çağrı-eylem öğelerinin etkinliğini ve bu öğelere yönelik dikkatte cinsiyete dayalı bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, göz izleme teknolojisini kullanarak, bir reklamdaki çeşitli bileşenlerle, insan yüzü, metin ve çağrı-eylem yönlendirmeleri dahil, izleyicinin etkileşimini ölçmektedir. Bulgular, izleyicilerin bu öğelerle etkileşiminde gerçekten cinsiyete dayalı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir; erkekler çağrı-eylem kısımlarına daha fazla odaklanırken, kadınlar insan yüzüne daha fazla odaklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları, reklamcılar ve pazarlamacılar için önemlidir, çünkü bu farklılıkları anlamak, daha etkili ve hedefe yönelik reklam stratejileri geliştirilmesini sağlayabilecektir. Farklı cinsiyetlerin görsel bilgiyi nasıl işlediğine dair farklı yolları tanıyarak, kampanyalar etkiyi maksimize etmek ve arzu edilen davranışsal sonuçları sürmek için özelleştirilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • P. Kotler, A'dan Z'ye Pazarlama, İstanbul: MediaCat, 2005.
  • İ. Mucuk, Pazarlama İlkeleri, Istanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi, 2017.
  • S. Dibb and M. Carrigan, "Social marketing transformed,"European Journal of Marketing, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1376-1398,2013.
  • N. R. Lee and L. Kotler, Success in Social Marketing 100 Case Studies From Around the Globe, Routledge, 2022.
  • P. Kotler, Pazarlama 3.0, Istanbul: Optimist, 2014.
  • D. Warrink, "The Marketing Mix in a Marketing 3.0 Context," International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, pp. 7-30, 2018.
  • P. Kotler, H. Kartajaya and I. Setiawan, Pazarlama 4.0, Istanbul: Optimist, 2022.
  • P. Kotler, H. Kartajaya and I. Setiawan, Pazarlama 5.0, İstanbul: Kapital Medya Hizmetleri, 2021.
  • G. J. Kim, Human-Computer Interaction Fundamentals and Practice, CRC Press, 2020.
  • K. Holmqvist, M. Nyström, R. Andersson, R. Dewhurst, H. Jarodzka and J. Van de Weijer, Eye Tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures, Oxford, 2011.
  • C. L. Kleinke, "Gaze and eye contact: A research review.," Psychological Bulletin, pp. 78-100, 1986.
  • M. Lindstrom, Buy.ology, Istanbul: Optimist, 2018.
  • A. C. Martinez-Levy, D. Rossi, G. Cartocci, M. Mancini, G. Di Flumeri, A. Trettel, F. Babiloni and P. Cherubino, "Message framing, non‐conscious perception and effectiveness in non‐profit advertising. Contribution by neuromarketing research," International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, pp. 53-75, 2022.
  • U. C. Eze and C. H. Lee, "Consumers’ Attitude towards Advertising," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 94-108, 2012.
  • T. L. Henthorne, M. S. LaTour and R. Natarajaan, "Fear Appeals in Print Advertising: An Analysis of Arousal and Ad Response," Journal of Advertising, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 59-69, 1993.
  • A. H. Eagly and S. Chaiken, The psychology of attitudes, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993.
  • F. F. Brunel and M. R. Nelson, "Explaining Gendered Responses to "Help-Self" and "Help-Others" Charity Ad Appeals: The Mediating Role of World-Views," Journal of Advertising, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 15-28, 2000.
  • D. J. Moore, W. D. Harris and H. C. Chen, "Affect Intensity: An Individual Difference Response to Advertising Appeals," Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 154-164, 1995.
  • L. M. Sciulli, C. P. Bebko and P. Bhagat, "How Emotional Arousal and Attitudes Influence Ad Response: Using Eye Tracking to GaugeNonprofit Print Advertisement Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2017.
  • L. Simmonds, S. Bellman, R. Kennedy, M. Nenycz-Thiel and S. Bogomolova, "Moderating effects of prior brand usage on visual attention to video advertising and recall: An eye-tracking investigation," Journal of Business Research, no. 111, pp. 241-248, 2020.
  • V. Skaramagkas, G. Giannakakis, E. Ktistakis, D. Manousos, . I. Karatzanis, N. S. Tachos, E. Tripoliti, K. Marias, D. I. Fotiadis and M. Tsiknakis, "Review of eye tracking metrics involved in emotional and cognitive processes," IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, no. 16, pp. 260-277, 2021.
  • L.-A. Casado-Aranda, J. Sánchez-Fernández and . J.-Á. Ibáñez-Zapata, "Evaluating Communication Effectiveness Through Eye Tracking: Benefits, State of the Art, and Unresolved Questions," International Journal of Business Communication, vol. 1, no. 60, pp. 24-61, 2023.
  • X. Yang and I. Krajbich, "A dynamic computational model of gaze and choice in multi-attribute decisions," Psychological Review, vol. 1, no. 130, pp. 52-70, 2023.
  • M. Wedel, R. Pieters and R. van der Lans, "Modeling Eye Movements During Decision Making: A Review," Psychometrika, no. 88, p. 697–729, 2023.
  • G. J. Tellis, Effective Advertising: Understanding When, How and Why Advertising Works, SAGE Publications, 2004.
  • R. P. Bagozzi, M. Gopinath and P. U. Nyer, "The role of emotions in marketing," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 27, pp. 184-206, 1999.
  • C. D. Burt and K. Strongman, "Use of images in charity advertising: Improving donations and compliance rates," International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 8, pp. 571-580, 2005.
  • L. M. Sciulli, P. S. Bhagat and C. P. Bebko, "Eye tracking analysis: engagement levels and donor tendencies using print advertisements with emotional appeals," Innovative Marketing, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 91-98, 2012.
  • A. Sharma, B. Grohmann, A. Johnson and O. H. Bodur, "Emotive Appeals in Charitable Advertisements: Investigating Visual Attention and Donation Intentions," in Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy, Budapest, 2020.
  • C. Bebko, L. M. Sciulli and P. Bhagat, "Using Eye Tracking to Assess the Impact of Advertising Appeals on Donor Behavior," Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 354-371, 2014.
  • M. Alonso Dos Santos, C. Lobos, . N. Muñoz, D. Romero and R. Sanhueza, "The Influence of Image Valence on the Attention Paid to Charity Advertising," Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 346-363, 2017.
  • K. Rayner, C. M. Rotello, A. J. Stewart, J. Keir and S. A. Duffy, "Integrating text and pictorial information: Eye movements when looking at print advertisements," Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 219-226, 2001.
  • K. Rayner, B. Miller and C. M. Rotello, "Eye Movements When Looking at Print Advertisements: The Goal of the Viewer Matters," Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 697-707, 2008.
  • A. Yücel and Z. Göker, "Kızılay'ın Sosyal Yardım İçerikli Afişlerinin Eye-Tracking ile İncelenmesi," Fırat Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 183-212, 2020.
  • Y. E. Gür and A. Yücel, Sosyal Sorumluluğu Bakışlardan Anlamak, Istanbul: Kriter, 2023.
  • Y. Girişken, Gerçeği Algıla, Istanbul: Beta , 2017.
  • iMotions, iMotions Biometric Research Platform 7.2, Copenhagen, 2017.
  • P. Kotler, Pazarlama 3.0, Istanbul: Optimist, 2014.
  • K. Holmqvist, M. Nyström, R. Andersson, R. Dewhurst, H. Jarodzka and J. Van de Weijer, Eye Tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures, Oxford, 2011.

Focusing Area on Advertising: An Eye Tracking Application

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 77 - 83, 31.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.1506664

Öz

This study investigates the impact of eye-tracking technology in advertising, with a focus on gender-based analysis. Marketing strategies have evolved, adapting to technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors. The current phase, Marketing 5.0, leverages technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality to create data-driven and personalized marketing experiences. Human-computer interaction (HCI) has significantly benefited from these technological developments, particularly through the use of eye-tracking technology. This technology provides valuable insights into where individuals focus their attention on a target object or stimulus, revealing subconscious preferences and behaviors. The research presented in this article aims to determine the effectiveness of call-to-action elements in advertisements and whether there is a gender-based difference in attention to these elements. The study utilizes eye-tracking technology to measure viewer engagement with various components of an advertisement, including the human face, text, and call-to-action prompts. The findings suggest that there are indeed gender-based differences in how viewers interact with these elements, with males focusing more on call-to-action parts and females on the human face. The implications of this research are significant for advertisers and marketers, as understanding these differences can lead to more effective and targeted advertising strategies. By recognizing the distinct ways in which different genders process visual information, campaigns can be tailored to maximize impact and drive desired behavioral outcomes.

Kaynakça

  • P. Kotler, A'dan Z'ye Pazarlama, İstanbul: MediaCat, 2005.
  • İ. Mucuk, Pazarlama İlkeleri, Istanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi, 2017.
  • S. Dibb and M. Carrigan, "Social marketing transformed,"European Journal of Marketing, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1376-1398,2013.
  • N. R. Lee and L. Kotler, Success in Social Marketing 100 Case Studies From Around the Globe, Routledge, 2022.
  • P. Kotler, Pazarlama 3.0, Istanbul: Optimist, 2014.
  • D. Warrink, "The Marketing Mix in a Marketing 3.0 Context," International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, pp. 7-30, 2018.
  • P. Kotler, H. Kartajaya and I. Setiawan, Pazarlama 4.0, Istanbul: Optimist, 2022.
  • P. Kotler, H. Kartajaya and I. Setiawan, Pazarlama 5.0, İstanbul: Kapital Medya Hizmetleri, 2021.
  • G. J. Kim, Human-Computer Interaction Fundamentals and Practice, CRC Press, 2020.
  • K. Holmqvist, M. Nyström, R. Andersson, R. Dewhurst, H. Jarodzka and J. Van de Weijer, Eye Tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures, Oxford, 2011.
  • C. L. Kleinke, "Gaze and eye contact: A research review.," Psychological Bulletin, pp. 78-100, 1986.
  • M. Lindstrom, Buy.ology, Istanbul: Optimist, 2018.
  • A. C. Martinez-Levy, D. Rossi, G. Cartocci, M. Mancini, G. Di Flumeri, A. Trettel, F. Babiloni and P. Cherubino, "Message framing, non‐conscious perception and effectiveness in non‐profit advertising. Contribution by neuromarketing research," International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, pp. 53-75, 2022.
  • U. C. Eze and C. H. Lee, "Consumers’ Attitude towards Advertising," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 94-108, 2012.
  • T. L. Henthorne, M. S. LaTour and R. Natarajaan, "Fear Appeals in Print Advertising: An Analysis of Arousal and Ad Response," Journal of Advertising, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 59-69, 1993.
  • A. H. Eagly and S. Chaiken, The psychology of attitudes, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993.
  • F. F. Brunel and M. R. Nelson, "Explaining Gendered Responses to "Help-Self" and "Help-Others" Charity Ad Appeals: The Mediating Role of World-Views," Journal of Advertising, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 15-28, 2000.
  • D. J. Moore, W. D. Harris and H. C. Chen, "Affect Intensity: An Individual Difference Response to Advertising Appeals," Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 154-164, 1995.
  • L. M. Sciulli, C. P. Bebko and P. Bhagat, "How Emotional Arousal and Attitudes Influence Ad Response: Using Eye Tracking to GaugeNonprofit Print Advertisement Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2017.
  • L. Simmonds, S. Bellman, R. Kennedy, M. Nenycz-Thiel and S. Bogomolova, "Moderating effects of prior brand usage on visual attention to video advertising and recall: An eye-tracking investigation," Journal of Business Research, no. 111, pp. 241-248, 2020.
  • V. Skaramagkas, G. Giannakakis, E. Ktistakis, D. Manousos, . I. Karatzanis, N. S. Tachos, E. Tripoliti, K. Marias, D. I. Fotiadis and M. Tsiknakis, "Review of eye tracking metrics involved in emotional and cognitive processes," IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, no. 16, pp. 260-277, 2021.
  • L.-A. Casado-Aranda, J. Sánchez-Fernández and . J.-Á. Ibáñez-Zapata, "Evaluating Communication Effectiveness Through Eye Tracking: Benefits, State of the Art, and Unresolved Questions," International Journal of Business Communication, vol. 1, no. 60, pp. 24-61, 2023.
  • X. Yang and I. Krajbich, "A dynamic computational model of gaze and choice in multi-attribute decisions," Psychological Review, vol. 1, no. 130, pp. 52-70, 2023.
  • M. Wedel, R. Pieters and R. van der Lans, "Modeling Eye Movements During Decision Making: A Review," Psychometrika, no. 88, p. 697–729, 2023.
  • G. J. Tellis, Effective Advertising: Understanding When, How and Why Advertising Works, SAGE Publications, 2004.
  • R. P. Bagozzi, M. Gopinath and P. U. Nyer, "The role of emotions in marketing," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 27, pp. 184-206, 1999.
  • C. D. Burt and K. Strongman, "Use of images in charity advertising: Improving donations and compliance rates," International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 8, pp. 571-580, 2005.
  • L. M. Sciulli, P. S. Bhagat and C. P. Bebko, "Eye tracking analysis: engagement levels and donor tendencies using print advertisements with emotional appeals," Innovative Marketing, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 91-98, 2012.
  • A. Sharma, B. Grohmann, A. Johnson and O. H. Bodur, "Emotive Appeals in Charitable Advertisements: Investigating Visual Attention and Donation Intentions," in Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy, Budapest, 2020.
  • C. Bebko, L. M. Sciulli and P. Bhagat, "Using Eye Tracking to Assess the Impact of Advertising Appeals on Donor Behavior," Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 354-371, 2014.
  • M. Alonso Dos Santos, C. Lobos, . N. Muñoz, D. Romero and R. Sanhueza, "The Influence of Image Valence on the Attention Paid to Charity Advertising," Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 346-363, 2017.
  • K. Rayner, C. M. Rotello, A. J. Stewart, J. Keir and S. A. Duffy, "Integrating text and pictorial information: Eye movements when looking at print advertisements," Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 219-226, 2001.
  • K. Rayner, B. Miller and C. M. Rotello, "Eye Movements When Looking at Print Advertisements: The Goal of the Viewer Matters," Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 697-707, 2008.
  • A. Yücel and Z. Göker, "Kızılay'ın Sosyal Yardım İçerikli Afişlerinin Eye-Tracking ile İncelenmesi," Fırat Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 183-212, 2020.
  • Y. E. Gür and A. Yücel, Sosyal Sorumluluğu Bakışlardan Anlamak, Istanbul: Kriter, 2023.
  • Y. Girişken, Gerçeği Algıla, Istanbul: Beta , 2017.
  • iMotions, iMotions Biometric Research Platform 7.2, Copenhagen, 2017.
  • P. Kotler, Pazarlama 3.0, Istanbul: Optimist, 2014.
  • K. Holmqvist, M. Nyström, R. Andersson, R. Dewhurst, H. Jarodzka and J. Van de Weijer, Eye Tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures, Oxford, 2011.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bilgi Sistemleri Kullanıcı Deneyimi Tasarımı ve Geliştirme, İnsan Bilgisayar Etkileşimi, Veri Madenciliği ve Bilgi Keşfi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aydin Erden 0000-0002-5124-8335

Asiye Bilgili 0000-0002-9776-5119

Beril Durmuş 0000-0002-9679-9608

Murat Çinko 0000-0001-8560-7482

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erden, A., Bilgili, A., Durmuş, B., Çinko, M. (2025). Focusing Area on Advertising: An Eye Tracking Application. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 18(1), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.1506664