Havacılık Yakıtı Jp-8 Ve Dizel Karışımlarının Tek Silindirli Bir Dizel Motorunda Performans Ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 0 - , 05.03.2014

Hasan Yamık Alper Calam , Hamit Solmaz Yakup İçingür

Öz

Bir havacılık yakıtı olan JP-8, 1980li yılların sonlarına doğru NATO ülkeleri ortak askeri yakıtı olarak kabul edilmiştir. % 99,8’i kerosenden meydana gelen JP-8, askeri uygulamalara uygun hale getirebilmek için çeşitli katkı maddeleri ile karıştırılmaktadır. JP-8 yakıtının en önemli özelliği donma noktasının -40oC’nin altında olmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı JP-8 yakıtının referans dizel yakıtı ile çeşitli oranlarda harmanlanarak kullanım imkanını araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada JP-8 yakıtı tek silindirli, 4 zamanlı ve direkt enjeksiyonlu bir dizel motorunda referans dizel yakıtına hacimsel olarak %5, %10, %25 ve %50 oranlarında ilave edilmiş, motor performans parametreleri ve egzoz emisyonları incelenmiş ve referans dizel yakıtı sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Motor momenti ve özgül yakıt tüketimi JP-8 karışımlı yakıtlarda referans dizel yakıtına göre kötüleşme göstermiştir. Egzoz emisyonları bakımından NOx emisyonları JP-8 karışımlı yakıtlarda referans dizel yakıtına göre iyileşirken, CO ve is emisyonlarında artış gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

JP-8, motor performansı, egzoz emisyonları, dizel motoru

Kaynakça

• Papagiannakis R.G., Kotsiopoulos P.N., Hountalas D.T., Yfantis E., “Single fuel research program comparative results of the use of jp-8 aviation fuel versus diesel fuel on a direct injection and indirect injection diesel engine”, SAE Paper, 01:1673, 2006.
• Jinwoo L., Choongsik B., “Application of JP-8 in a heavy duty diesel engine”, Fuel, 90:1762-1770, 2011.
• Owens E.C., LePera M.E., Lestz S.J.., “Use of aviation turbine fuel jp-8 as the single fuel on the battlefield”, SAE Paper 892071; 1989.
• Lestz S.J., LePera M.E., “Technology demonstration of US army ground material operating on aviation kerosene fuel”, SAE Paper 920193, 112(4):204–205, 1992.
• Kouremenos D.A., Rakopoulos C.D., Hountalas D.T., “Experimental investigation of the performance and exhaust emissions of a swirl chamber diesel engine using jp-8 aviation fuel”, International Journal of Energy Res., 21(12):1173–1185, 1997.
• Lacey P.I., Lestz S.J., “Effect of low-lubricity fuels on diesel injection pumps – part I: field performance”, SAE Paper 920823; 1992.
• Moses C., Fletcher R., “The single fuel concept” Special Meeting Report, Propulsion and Energetics Panel of AGARD, 1993.
• Drown, D.C., Harper, K., Frame, E., “Secreening vegetable oil alcohol esters as fuel lubricity enhancers”, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 786(6):579-584.
• Edwards T., Maurice L.Q., “HyTech fuels/fuel system research”, AIAA Paper, 98:1562, 1998.
• Warren, M.I., “JP-8, the Single Fuel Forward, an Information Compendium”, U.S. Army Tank Automotive and Armaments Command, 2001.
• “Annual Energy Outlook 2002 with Projections to 2020”, U.S. Department of Energy and National Energy Information Center, DOE/EIA 0383, 2001.
• Maurice L.Q., Lander H., Edwards T., Harrison W.E., “Advanced aviation fuels: a look ahead via a historical perspective”, Fuel, 80:747-756, 2001.
• Smith B.L., Bruno T.J., “Composition-Explixit distillation curves of aviation fuel JP-8 and a coal-based jet fuel”, Energy&Fuels, 21:2853-2862, 2007.
• Cooper J.R., Mattie D.R., “Developmental toxicity of JP-8 jet fuel in the rat”, J. Of Applied Toxic, 16:197-200, 1996.
• İçingür, Y., Ünal, S., “JP4 ve JP8 Havacılık tipi yakıtlarla metil ester harmanlarının dizel motorlarda kullanımı” 9.rd International Combustion Symposium, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, 2006.
• Fernandes G., Fuschetto J., Filipi Z., Assanis D., Mckee H., “Impact of military jp-8 fuel on heavy-duty diesel engine performance and emissions”, Journal of Automotive Engineering, 221(D8):957–70, 2007.
• Çelikten İ., Gürü M., “Petrodizel ve kanola biyodizeli performans ve emisyon kriterlerinin mangan esaslı katkı maddeleriyle geliştirilmesi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 26(3):643-648, 2011.
• 22.Topal M.H., Wang J., Levendis Y.A., Carlson J.B., Jordan J., “PAH and other emissions from burning of JP-8 and diesel fuels in diffusion flames”, Fuel, 83:2357-2368, 2004.
• Anastopoulos G., Lois E., Zannikos F., Kalligeros S., Teas C., “HFRR lubricity response of an additized aviation kerosene for use in CI engines” Tribology International, 35(9):599–604, 2002.
• Bader J., “Tribological evaluation of kerosene as substitute for distillate diesel fuel” 2nd International Colloquium, 1999.
• Rakopoulos C.D., Hountalas D.T., Rakopoulos D.C., “Comparative Environmental Evaluation of JP-8 and Diesel Fuels Burned in Direct Injection (DI) or Indirect Injection (IDI) Diesel Engines and in a Laboratory Furnace”, Energy & Fuels, 18:1302-1308, 2004.
• Arkoudeas P., Kalligeros S., Zannikos F., Anastopoulos G., Karonis D., Korres D., Lois E., “Study of using JP-8 aviation fuel and biodiesel in CI engines”, Energy Conversion and Management, 44(7):1013–1025, 2003.
• Haşimoğlu, C., İçingür, Y., Özsert, İ., “Effect of biodiesel usage to engine performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged diesel engine”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23(1):207-213, 2008.
• Keskin, A., Ocakoğlu, K., Reşitoğlu, İ.A., Gürü, M., “Influence of titanium based fuel additive on diesel engine performance and emissions”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 28(3):671-676, 2013.
• Aktaş, A., Doğan, O., “Effects of LPG percentage to performance and exhaust emissions in a dual fuel engine”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 25(1):171-178, 2010.
• Özsezen, A.N., Çanakçı, M., “An investigation of the effect of methyl ester produced from waste frying oil on the performance and emissions of an IDI diesel engine”,Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23(2):395-404, 2008.
• Keskin, A., Gürü, M., Altıparmak, D., “Investigation of 90% blend of tall oil biodiesel fuel with diesel fuel as alternative diesel fuel”,Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 22(1):57-63, 2007.
• Özsezen, A.N., Çanakçı, M., “Performance and combustion in a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with waste palm and canola oil methyl esters”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 24(2):275-284, 2009.
• Qi D., Geng L.M., Chen H., Bian Y.Z.H., Liu J., Ren X.C.H., “Combustion and performance evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from soybean crude oil”, Renewable Energy, 34:2706-2713, 2009.
• Lin C.Y., Lin H.A., “Diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process”, Fuel, 85:298-305, 2006.
• Yılmaz, E., Solmaz, H., Polat, S., Altın, M., “Effect of the three-phase diesel emulsion fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions”,Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 28(1):127-134, 2013.
• Can, Ö., Çınar, C., Şahin, F., “The investigation of the effects of premixed gasoline charge on HCCI-DI engine combustion and exhaust emissions”,Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 24(2):229-236, 2009.