AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE “BEYAZLARIN ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜ” HAREKETLERİ: NÜKLEER SİLAH TÜMENİ ÖRNEK OLAY İNCELEMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 567 - 594, 24.11.2021

Erol Başaran Bural

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.843025

Öz

“Beyazların üstünlüğü” hareketleri, beyaz insanların diğerlerine göre daha üstün olduğunu savunan, beyazlara sembolik ve maddi anlamda ayrıcalık yükleyen fikirler etrafında şekillenen, aşırı sağ içerisinde kendisine yer bulan etnik hareketlerdir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) “beyazların üstünlüğü” hareketleri, Kuzey Amerika’nın keşfinin ardından Amerikalı yerlilere karşı başlamıştır. “Beyazların üstünlüğü” hareketleri Afrika Kıtası’ndaki sömürge ülkelerden getirilen siyahlara karşı geliştirilen nefret söylemi üzerinden büyümüştür. Günümüzde ise Yahudi ve Müslüman karşıtlığını da içerisinde barındıran bu hareketler artan bir şekilde varlıklarını sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ABD’de “beyazların üstünlüğünü” esas alan etnik temelli aşırı sağ hareketleri, Nükleer Silah Tümeni (The Atomwaffen Division - NST) isimli örgüt çerçevesinde incelemektir. Araştırmanın temel varsayımı; ABD’de yaşanabilecek muhtemel bir kriz/kaos durumunun aşılamaması durumunda “beyazların üstünlüğü” hareketinin siyasal maksatlı şiddet eylemleri düzenleyebileceği, gelecekte bu hareketlerin ABD için daha büyük bir tehdit olmaya devam edeceğidir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle “beyazların üstünlüğü” kavramı incelenmiş, kavramın tarihsel süreçteki yeri ortaya konulmuş, ABD’deki “beyazların üstünlüğü” örgütlenmeleri ve son olarak örnek olay çerçevesinde NST örgütü araştırılmıştır. “Beyazların üstünlüğü” kavramının etnik temelde kendisine yer bulduğu ancak sadece etnisite değil dini farklılıkların da söz konusu fikri savunanlar tarafından istismar edildiği, beyazların üstünlüğü savunucusu örgütlerin gelecekte ABD için bir tehdit unsuru olmaya devam edeceği, çalışmanın sonuçları arasındadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beyazların Üstünlüğü, Nükleer Silah Tümeni, Etnisite, Neo-Nazi, Aşırı Sağ, Terörizm

“WHITE SUPREMACY” MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: THE ATOMWAFFEN DIVISION CASE STUDY

Öz

White supremacy movements are ethnic movements within the far-right, which argue that white people are superior to others. White supremacy movements have grown steadily over hate speech against African colonies in the USA. The purpose of this study; is to examine the ethnic far right movements based on the white supremacy in the USA within the framework of The Atomwaffen Division (AWD) organization. The basic assumption of the research is “if a possible crisis / chaos in the USA cannot be overcome, the white supremacy movements can organize political acts of violence, and these movements will continue to be a greater threat for the USA in the future”. Within the scope of this study, firstly, the concept of white supremacy examined, the place of the concept in the historical process explored, the white supremacy organizations in the USA were researched and finally the AWD organization was handled within the framework of the case study. It is among the results of the study that the concept of “white supremacy” finds its place not only ethnicity but also religious differences and those ethnic-based “white supremacist” organizations will continue to be a security threat for the USA in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

White Supremacy, The Atomwaffen Division, Ethnicity, Neo-Nazis, Far Right, Terrorism

Kaynakça

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