The Importance of Exercise on Children

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 131 - 141, 01.04.2018

Gülşen Taşkın , Fatma Neşe Şahin Özdemir

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on health since childhood. Today, along with technological improvements, a sedentary life style is adopted. Especially children in the age of play spend most of their time sitting in front of the computer. However; the exercise habit that has been gained from childhood has an important influence on health even at a later age. Individuals who performed exercise regularly during childhood continue to exercise during later ages and are less likely to suffer from chronic diseases than their peers. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

child, exercise, health, lack of exercise, chronic diseases

Çocuklarda Egzersizin Önemi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocukluk çağından itibaren egzersizin sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Günümüzde teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte giderek hareketsiz bir yaşam tarzı benimsenmektedir. Özellikle oyun çağındaki çocuklar; zamanlarının çoğunu bilgisayar başında oturarak geçirmektedir. Ancak çocukluk çağından itibaren kazanılan egzersiz alışkanlığının ilerleyen yaşlarda da sağlığı önemli ölçüde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Çocukluktan itibaren düzenli egzersiz yapan bireyler, ilerleyen yaşlarda da egzersiz yapmaya devam etmekte ve yaşıtlarına göre kronik hastalıklara daha az yakalanmaktadırlar. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk, Egzersiz, Sağlık, Egzersiz Eksikliği, kronik hastalıklar

Kaynakça

• Akalan, C. (2013). Body composition changes among 7-14 years old male children living in Ankara province-a fifteen year cross-sectional study. Life Science Journal, 10(4s), 348- 353.
• Altındağ, Ö. ve Sert, C. (2009). Çocuklarda vücut kompozisyonu ve fiziksel aktivite ilişkisi: pilot çalışma. Türk Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 55, 60-63.
• American College of Sports Medicine. (2000). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (6th edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9. Edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• Bass, S. (2000). The prepubertal years: a unique opportune stage of growth when the skeleton is most responsive to exercise? Sports Medicine, 30, 73–78.
• Bianco, A., Paoli, A., Montalto, M.A., Lamacchia, G., Castelli, D., Patti, A., ve Şahin, F. N. (2014). Cardiovascular risk factors in children: the importance of the quality of life. Experimental Clinical Cardiology, 20(1),1953-1969.
• Biddle, S. J., Gorely, T., ve Stensel, D. J. (2004). Health-enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, 679–701.
• Boreham, C., Riddoch, C. (2001). The physical activity, fitness and health of children. Journal of Sports Sciences. 19, 915-929.
• Brooke-Wavell, K., Stensel, D. J. (2008) Exercise and children's bone health. J. Fam. Health Care. 18(6), 205-208.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). The burden of chronic diseases and their risk factors: National and State perspectives. Available from: www.cdc.gov/nccdphp
• Chow, B. C., McKenzie, T. L.,ve Louie, L. (2015). Children’s physical activity and associated variables during preschool physical education. Advances in Physical Education, 5, 39-49 (http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ape.2015.51005)
• Cinemre, A., Turnagöl, H., ve Okut G. (2011). Voleybolcu çocukların kemik yapılarının değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(3), 49-58.
• Daniels, S., Arnett, D., ve Eckel, R. (2005). Overweight in children and adolescents: pathophysiology, consequences, prevention and treatment. Circulation, 111, 1999-2012.
• Deckelbaum, R. J., ve Williams, C. L. (2001). Childhood obesity: the health occurred in the absence of change in BMI or issue. Obes Rev., 9(4), 239-243.
• Dietz, W. H. (2004). Overweight in childhood and adolescence. New England Journal of Medicine, 350, 855-857.
• Dobbins, M., DeCorby, K., Robeson P., Husson H., ve Tirilis D. (2009). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, Art. No.: CD007651. DOI: 10.1002/14651858 pp.1562-1568
• Economos, C. D., Bakun, P. J., Herzog, J. B., Dolan, P. R., Lynskey, V. M., Markow, D., Sharma, S., ve Nelson, M. E. (2012). Children’s perceptions of weight, obesity, nutrition, physical activity and related health and socio-behavioural factors. Public Health Nutrition, 17(1), 170–178. doi:10.1017/S136898001200479X.
• Ekelund, U., Luan, J., Sherar, L. B., Esliger, D. W., Griew, P., ve Cooper, A. (2012). Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. JAMA, 307(7), 704-712.
• 19. Faigenbaum, A. D., Stracciolini, A., ve Myer, G. D. (2011). Exercise deficit disorder in youth: a hidden truth. Acta Paediatr, 100(11), 1423-5. doi:10.1111/j.1651- 2227.2011.02461.
• Faigenbaum,A.D.,veMyerG.D.(2012).Exercisedeficitdisorderinyouth:playnowor pay later. Curr Sports Med Rep, 11(4), 196-200. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825da961.
• Faigenbaum, A. D., ve Westcott, W. L. (2000). Strengh and power for young athletes. Human Kinetics.
• Finkelstein,E.A.,Khavjou,O.A.,Thompson,H.,Trogdon,J.G.,Pan,L.,Sherry,B.,ve Dietz, W. (2012). Obesity and severe obesity forecasts through 2030. Am J Prev Med. 42(6), 563–570. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.026.
• Gallahue,D.L.,veDonnely,F.(2003).Developmentalphysicaleducationforallchildren. Human Kinetics.
• Hallal,P.C.,Andersen,L.B.,Bull,F.C.,Guthold,R.,Haskell,W.,Ekelund,U.(2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet, 380(9838), 247–257.
• Hoor,G.A.,Sleddens,E.F.C.,Kremers,S.P.J.,Schols,A.M.W.J.,Kok,G.,vePlasqui,G. (2015). Aerobic and strength exercises for youngsters aged 12 to 15: what do parents think? BMC public health, 15, 994. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2328-7.
• Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Boyce, W. F., ve Pickett, W. (2004) The independent influence of physical inactivity and obesity on health complaints of 6th to 10th grade Canadian youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1, 331-343.
• Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., ..., Corso, P. (2002). The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(4), 73-107.
• Lambourne,K.,veDonnelly,J.E.(2011).The role of physical activity in pediatric obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am. 58(6),1481–1491.
• Lloyd,R.S.,Faigenbaum,A.D.,Stone,M.H.,Oliver,J.L.,Jeffreys,I.,Moody,J.A.,..., Myer, G. D. (2014). Position statement on youth resistance training: The 2014 International Consensus. Br J Sports Med. 48, 498–505.
• MacKelvie,K.J.,Khan,K.M.andMcKay,H.A.(2002).Isthereacriticalperiodforbone response to weight-bearing exercise in children and adolescents? A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36,250–257.
• McGill, H. C., McMahan, A., Herderick, E. E., Malcom, G. T., Tracy, R. E. ve Strong, J. P. (2000). Origin of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72, 1307–1315.
• Muratlı, S. (2007). Antrenman bilimi yaklaşımıyla çocuk ve spor. Ankara: Nobel.
• Powell,K.E,veDysinger,W.(1987).Childhood participation in organized school sports and physical education as precursors of adult physical activity. Am J Prev Med, 3(5), 276-81.
• Sardinha,B.,Baptista,F.,veEkelund,U.(2008).Objectively measured physical activity and bone strength in 9-year-old boys and girls. Pediatrics, 122, 728-736.
• Schmidt,M.,Johannesdottir,S.A.,Lemeshow,S.,Lash,T.L.,Ulrichsen,S.P., Bøtker, H. E., ve Sørensen, H. T. (2013). Obesity in young men, and individual and combined risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular morbidity and death before 55 years of age: a Danish 33- year follow-up study. BMJ Open, 3(4). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013002698.
• Sevimli, D., ve Koçyiğit, F. (2009). Çocuklarda aerobik egzersizin kardiopulmoner sistemdeki etkileri. TAF Prev Med Bull, 8(2), 125-130.
• Stracciolini, A., Myer, G. D., ve Faigenbaum, A. D. (2013). Exercise-Deficit Disorder in children: are we ready to make this diagnosis? The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 41(1), 94-101.
• Strong,W.B., Malina, R.M., Blimkie, C.J.R, Daniels, S.R., Dishman, R.K, Gutin, B.,..., Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. Journal of Pediatric, 146, 732-737.
• Taşçı, B. (2010). Sokağın günümüz koşullarında çocuk oyun alanı olarak ele alınması ve değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir
• Tolfrey,K., Jones, A.M. ve Campbell, I.G. (2000).The effect of aerobic exercise training on the lipid-lipoprotein profile of children and adolescents. Sports Medicine 29:99–112.
• Türkiye Ulusal Hastalık Yükü Çalışması. (2004). Ankara: RSHMB Hıfzıssıhha Mektebi Müdürlüğü.
• Yıldız, İ. (2009). Farklı dirençlerle uygulanan kuvvet antrenmanlarının kız çocuklarının fiziksel ve kas-kuvvet gelişimlerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Yörükoğlu, U., Koz, M. (2007). Spor okulu çalışmaları ile basketbol antrenmanlarının 10- 13 yaş grubu erkek çocukların fiziksel, fizyolojik ve antropometrik özelliklerine etkisi. Spormetre: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 79-83.
• Zahner,L.,Puder,J.J.,Roth,R.,Schmid,M.,Guldimann,R.,Puhse,U.,...,Kriemler,S. (2006). A school-based physical activity program to improve health and fitness in children aged 6–13 years (Kinder-Sportstudie KISS): study design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 6: 147, doi:10.1186/1471-2458/6/147.