Sabit ve Sabit Olmayan Zeminlerde Uygulanan Şınav Egzersizi Sırasında Kas Aktivasyonlarının Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 48 - 54, 31.01.2023

Huseyin Topçu , Ramiz Arabacı , Ali Kamil Güngör , Yakup Birinci , Serkan Pancar

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1136518

Öz

Bu çalışmada, instabilite cihazlarında ve sabit zeminde yapılan şınav egzersizi sırasında Pectoralis Majör (PM), Antreior Deltoid (AD) ve Triceps Brachii (TB) kaslarının elektromiyografik aktivasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18-25 yaş aralığında 25 katılımcı, sabit bir yüzey, her iki taraf da kullanılan top (BOSU), Pilates topu ve Fonksiyonel egzersiz bandı (TRX) üzerinde çapraz geçişli deney tasarımında şınav egzersizi uyguladı. Katılımcılar 2 saniye iniş, 2 saniye çıkış fazı olmak üzere 3 tekrardan oluşan şınav hareketini sırasıyla 4 zeminde uyguladı. Egzersiz sırasında PM, AD ve TB kaslarının amplitüdünü belirlemek için yüzey elektromiyografisi (sEMG) kullanıldı. sEMG genliği, kasların izometrik kasılmaları sırasında en yüksek tepe tork değerini veren maksimum istemli kasılma (MİK) yöntemi kullanılarak normalleştirildi. PM kasında TRX’te sabit zemin ve BOSU’ya göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek normalize sEMG amplitüdü (%MİK) değerleri tespit edildi. AD kasında Pilates topunda diğer zeminlere göre önemli ölçüde daha düşük %MİK değerleri tespit edildi. TB kasında sabit yüzey ve BOSU’ya kıyasla TRX ve Pilates topunda önemli ölçüde daha yüksek %MİK değerleri tespit edilirken BOSU’da sabit zemine göre daha yüksek değerler tespit edildi. TRX’te şınav PM, AD, TB kasları için daha fazla zorluk isteyen antrenörler için iyi bir seçenek olabilirken; AD kası için şınav egzersizinde pilates topunu tercih etmek doğru olmayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EMG, İnstabilite, BOSU, Pilates Topu, TRX Süspansiyon Cihazı, Şınav

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

DDP(SPF)-2020/19

Comparison of Muscle Activation During Push-Ups Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the electromyographic activations of Pectoralis Major (PM), Anterior Deltoid (AD), and Triceps Brachii (TB) muscles during push-up exercises performed on instability devices and a stable surface. Twenty-five participants aged 18-25 performed push-ups in an experimental crossover design on a stable surface, both sides utilized ball (BOSU), Pilates ball, and TRX Suspension Trainer (TRX). Participants completed the push-up exercise consisting of 3 repetitions, 2 seconds of descent, and 2 seconds of ascent, on four floors, respectively. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to determine the amplitude of the PM, AD, and TB muscles during exercise. The sEMG amplitude was normalized using the maximum voluntary contraction (MİK) method, which gives the highest peak torque value during isometric contractions of the muscles. Significantly higher normalized sEMG amplitude (%MİK) values were detected in the PM muscle compared to the stable surface and BOSU in TRX. In the AD muscle, significantly lower %MİK values were detected on the Swiss Ball compared to the other surfaces. Compared to the stable surface and BOSU in the TB muscle, significantly higher %MİK values were detected in the TRX and Swiss Ball, while higher values were detected in the BOSU than in the stable surface. While TRX can be a good option for trainers who want more challenge for the PM, AD, and TB muscles, It may not be suitable to prefer the Swiss Ball in push-up exercise for AD muscle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EMG, Instability, BOSU, Swiss Ball, TRX Suspension Device, Push Up

Proje Numarası

DDP(SPF)-2020/19

Kaynakça

• 1. Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M., Holzmann, M. ve Twist, P. (2013). Comparison of EMG activity during stable and unstable push-up protocols. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(1), 42-48.
• 2. Anderson, K. ve Behm, D. G. (2005). The impact of instability resistance training on balance and stability. Sports Medicine, 35(1), 43-53.
• 3. Beach, T. A., Howarth, S. J. ve Callaghan, J. P. (2008). Muscular contribution to low-back loading and stiffness during standard and suspended push-ups. Human Movement Science, 27(3), 457-472.
• 4. Behm, D. G. ve Anderson, K. G. (2006). The role of instability with resistance training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 716-722.
• 5. Cogley, R. M., Archambault, T. A., Fibeger, J. F. ve Koverman, M. M. (2005). Comparison of muscle activation using various hand positions during the push-up exercise. Journal of Strength And Conditioning Research, 19(3), 628-633.
• 6. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1),155. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
• 7. Contreras, B., Schoenfeld, B., Mike, J., Tiryaki-Sonmez, G., Cronin, J. ve Vaino, E. (2012). The biomechanics of the push-up: Implications for resistance training programs. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(5), 41-46.
• 8. de Araújo, R. C., Nascimento, V. Y. S., Torres, R. J. B., Trombini-Souza, F., Behm, D. ve Pitangui, A. C. R. (2020). Can the use of unstable surfaces and instruction for conscious abdominal contraction increase the emg activity of the periscapular muscles during the dynamic push-up?, Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 29(2), 225-230.
• 9. De Oliveira, A. S., de Morais Carvalho, M. ve de Brum, D. P. C. (2008). Activation of the shoulder and arm muscles during axial load exercises on a stable base of support and on a medicine ball. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(3), 472-479.
• 10. Freeman, S., Karpowicz, A., Gray, J. ve McGill, S. (2006). Quantifying muscle patterns and spine load during various forms of the push-up. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(3), 570-577.
• 11. Gouvali, M. K. ve Boudolos, K. (2005). Dynamic and electromyographical analysis in variants of push-up exercise. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 146-151.
• 12. Lee, D., Lee, S., Park, J. ve Roh, H. (2013). The effect of fixed ankle and knee joints on postural stability and muscle activity. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(1), 33-36.
• 13. Lehman, G. J., Gilas, D. ve Patel, U. (2008). An unstable support surface does not increase scapulothoracic stabilizing muscle activity during push up and push up plus exercises. Manual Therapy, 13(6), 500-506.
• 14. Marshall, P. ve Murphy, B. (2006b). Changes in muscle activity and perceived exertion during exercises performed on a swiss ball. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 31(4), 376-383.
• 15. Marshall, P. W. ve Murphy, B. (2006a). Increased deltoid and abdominal muscle activity during Swiss ball bench press. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 745-750.
• 16. Marshall, P. W. ve Murphy, B. A. (2005). Core stability exercises on and off a Swiss ball. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(2), 242-249.
• 17. Nascimento, V. Y. S., Torres, R. J. B., Beltrão, N. B., Dos Santos, P. S., Pirauá, A. L. T., de Oliveira, V. M. A., ... ve de Araújo, R. C. (2017). Shoulder muscle activation levels during exercises with axial and rotational load on stable and unstable surfaces. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 33(2), 118-123.
• 18. Park, S. Y. ve Yoo, W. G. (2011). Differential activation of parts of the serratus anterior muscle during push-up variations on stable and unstable bases of support. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2 b1(5), 861-867.
• 19. Pirauá, A. L. T., Pitangui, A. C. R., Silva, J. P., dos Passos, M. H. P., de Oliveira, V. M. A., Batista, L. D. S. P. ve de Araújo, R. C. (2014). Electromyographic analysis of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during push-ups on stable and unstable bases in subjects with scapular dyskinesis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 24(5), 675-681.
• 20. Redfern, M., Hughes, R. ve Chaffin, D. (1993). High-pass filtering to remove electrocardiographic interference from torso EMG recordings. Clinical biomechanics, 8(1), 44–48.
• 21. Sandhu, J. S., Mahajan, S. ve Shenoy, S. (2008). An electromyographic analysis of shoulder muscle activation during push-up variations on stable and labile surfaces. International Journal of Shoulder Surgery, 2(2), 30-35.
• 22. Seo, S. H., Jeon, I. H., Cho, Y. H., Lee, H. G., Hwang, Y. T. ve Jang, J. H. (2013). Surface EMG during the push-up plus exercise on a stable support or Swiss ball: scapular stabilizer muscle exercise. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(7), 833-837.
• 23. Snarr, R. L. ve Esco, M. R. (2013). Electromyographic comparison of traditional and suspension push-ups. Journal of Human Kinetics, 39, 75-83.
• 24. Soslowsky, L. J., Malicky, D. M. ve Blasier, R. B. (1997). Active and passive factors in inferior glenohumeral stabilization: a biomechanical model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 6(4), 371-379.
• 25. Torres, R. J., Pirauá, A. L., Nascimento, V. Y., Dos Santos, P. S., Beltrão, N. B., de Oliveira, V. M., ... ve de Araújo, R. C. (2017). Shoulder muscle activation levels during the push-up-plus exercise on stable and unstable surfaces. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 26(4), 281-286.
• 26. Vera-Garcia, F. J., Grenier, S. G. ve McGill, S. M. (2000). Abdominal muscle response during curl-ups on both stable and labile surfaces. Physical Therapy, 80(6), 564-569.
• 27. Wilk, K. E., Reinold, M. M., Macrina, L. C., Porterfield, R., Devine, K. M., Suarez, K. ve Andrews, J. R. (2009). Glenohumeral internal rotation measurements differ depending on stabilization techniques. Sports Health, 1(2), 131-136.
• 28. Youdas, J. W., Hartman, J. P., Murphy, B. A., Rundle, A. M., Ugorowski, J. M. ve Hollman, J. H. (2015). Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers, gluteals, and hamstrings during supine bridge to neutral position. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 31(6), 418-427.