Genç Kadın Sporcular Arasında Öz Yeterlilik İle Atletik Performans Arasındaki İlişkide Duygusal Durumların Aracı Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 10 - 16, 25.03.2025

Serdar Solmaz , Berzan Şimşek , Selçuk Buğdaycı , Yunus Emre Yarayan , Abdulkadir Ekin

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1615358

Abstract

Bu çalışma, genç kadın sporcular arasında öz yeterlilik ile atletik performans arasındaki ilişkide duygusal durumların aracı rolünü incelemektedir. Öz yeterlilik, kişinin belirli durumlarda başarılı olabileceğine dair inancı olarak tanımlanır ve bu çalışmada atletik performansı hem doğrudan hem de olumlu duygu durumları aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Olumlu ve olumsuz duygusal durumlar, sporcuların bilişsel ve fiziksel işlevlerini önemli ölçüde etkileyebilir ve bu durum performans sonuçlarında belirgin farklılıklara yol açabilir. Araştırma örneklemi, Türkiye'deki çeşitli üniversite takımlarından 339 genç kadın sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, öz yeterlilik, duygu durumları ve bireysel performans değerlendirmesini ölçmek için onaylanmış ölçekler kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan yol analizi, öz yeterliliğin atletik performansı hem doğrudan hem de olumlu duygu durumları aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak olumlu yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Spesifik olarak, daha yüksek öz yeterlilik, artan olumlu duygularla ilişkilendirilmiş ve bu da performansı artırmıştır. Öte yandan, olumsuz duyguların öz yeterlilik ve performans arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etmediği görülmüştür. Bu bulgular, öz yeterliliğin ve olumlu duygusal deneyimlerin teşvik edilmesinin genç kadın sporcularda atletik performansı artırabileceğini göstermektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, olumsuz duyguların performans üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmada duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin rolünü araştırmalıdır.

Keywords

Öz yeterlilik, Atletik performans, Duygu durumları, Genç kadın sporcular

The Mediating Role of Emotional States in the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Athletic Performance of Young Female Athletes

Abstract

This study examines the mediating role of emotional states in the relationship between self-efficacy and athletic performance among young female athletes. Self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations, has been shown to influence athletic performance. Emotional states, both positive and negative, can significantly impact athletes' cognitive and physical functioning, thus affecting performance outcomes. The research sample consisted of 339 young female athletes from various university teams in Turkey. Data were collected using validated scales for self-efficacy, emotional states, and individual performance assessment. Path analysis revealed that self-efficacy positively influences athletic performance directly and indirectly through positive emotional states. Specifically, higher self-efficacy was associated with increased positive emotions, which in turn improved performance. Negative emotions, however, did not mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. These findings suggest that fostering self-efficacy and positive emotional experiences can enhance athletic performance in young female athletes. Future studies should explore the role of emotion regulation strategies in mitigating the effects of negative emotions on performance.

Keywords

Self-efficacy, Athletic performance, Emotional states, Young female athletes

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Batman University on 09.07.2024 with the decision number 167570.

References

• Alessandri, G., Vecchione, M. & Caprara, G. V. (2014). Assessment of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Beliefs: A Review of the Status of the Art and Some Suggestions to Move the Field Forward. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 33(1), 24–32.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. In Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
• Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287.
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. In Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
• Bayraktar, B. & Kurtoğlu, M. (2004). Sporda performans ve performans artırma yöntemleri. Doping ve Futbolda Performans Artırma Yöntemleri, İstanbul, 269–296.
• Bayraktar, B. & Kurtoğlu, M. (2009). Sporda performans, etkili faktörler, değerlendirilmesi ve artırılması. Klinik Gelişim Dergisi, 22(1), 16–24.
• Bekker, M. H. J. & van Mens-Verhulst, J. (2007). Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Prevalence, Degree, and Background, But Gender-Neutral Treatment. Gender Medicine, 4, S178–S193.
• Burić, I. & Macuka, I. (2018). Self-Efficacy, Emotions and Work Engagement Among Teachers: A Two Wave Cross-Lagged Analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(7), 1917–1933.
• Çakmak Yıldızhan, Y. & Mutlu, M. E. (2023). Examination of amateur footbal players’ self-efficacy beliefs and sport injury anxiety levels. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 6(1-Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 986–1003.
• Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. In On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge University Press.
• Cerit, E., Gümüşdağ, H., Evli, F., Şahin, S. & Bastık, C. (2013). Elite women basketball players prior to competition and performance of the relationship between the levels of anxiety. Sport Sciences, 8(1), 26–34.
• Chapman, B. P., Duberstein, P. R., Sörensen, S. & Lyness, J. M. (2007). Gender differences in Five Factor Model personality traits in an elderly cohort. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1594–1603.
• Cherian, J. & Jacob, J. (2013). Impact of self efficacy on motivation and performance of employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 80.
• Cıftcı, M. C., Tolukan, E. & Yılmaz, B. (2021). The interaction between mental skills training and trait sports confidence level of athletes. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 151–162.
• Craft, L. L., Magyar, T. M., Becker, B. J. & Feltz, D. L. (2003). The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 44–65.
• Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185.
• Demirtaş, A. S. (2018). Duygu düzenleme stratejileri ve benlik saygısının mutluluğu yordayıcılığı. Turkish Studies, 13, 11.
• DePretis, R., Sonnentag, T. L., Wadian, T. W. & Saeed, Z. (2021). Effects of emotion-related stereotype messages on young women’s experience and expression of emotion. SN Social Sciences, 1(7), 162.
• Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R. & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 7(2), 336–353.
• Fournier, J., Gaudreau, P., Demontrond-Behr, P., Visioli, J., Forest, J. & Jackson, S. (2007). French translation of the flow state scale-2: Factor structure, cross-cultural invariance, and associations with goal attainment. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(6), 897–916.
• George, D. & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 25 step by step a simple guide and reference a simple guide and reference (15th ed.). New York:Routledge.
• Gross, J. J. & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362.
• Güvendi, B. & Demir, G. T. (2019). Spor bilimleri alanında yeni ufuklar. In S. Düz, K. Kurak, & O. Kızar (Eds.), Spor Bilimleri (1st ed., p. 37). Gece Akademi.
• Holzberger, D. & Prestele, E. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy and self-reported instructional quality: A multilevel perspective on the role of school characteristics [PsyArXiv].
• Isen, A. M. & Reeve, J. (2005). The Influence of Positive Affect on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: Facilitating Enjoyment of Play, Responsible Work Behavior, and Self-Control. Motivation and Emotion, 29(4), 297–325.
• Jones, M. V., Lane, A. M., Bray, S. R., Uphill, M. & Catlin, J. (2005). Development and validation of the sport emotion questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(4), 407–431.
• Jones, M. V. (2003). Controlling emotions in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 17(4), 471–486.
• Jones, M. V. (2012). Emotion regulation and performance. The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology, 154–172.
• Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., Tornberg, R. & Böröy, J. (2019). Effects of mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation, and self-rated athletic performance in a multiple-sport population: An RCT study. Mindfulness, 10(1), 1518–1529.
• Karakuş, E. & Başerer Berber, Z. (2022). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizlikleri Ve Öz Yeterlik İlişkisi Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Ankara Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(10), 147–156.
• Kavanagh, D. & Hausfeld, S. (1986). Physical Performance and Self-Efficacy under Happy and Sad Moods. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(2), 112–123.
• Keller, J. & Bless, H. (2007). Flow and regulatory compatibility: An experimental approach to the flow model of intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 196–209.
• Kessler, R. C. (2003). Epidemiology of women and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 74(1), 5–13.
• Kocaekşi, S. & Yıldırım, I. Ö. (2020). Güreşçilerde zihinsel dayanıklılık, öz yeterlik inancı ve sportif kendine güven düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 392–406.
• Koçak, Ç. V. (2020). Athlete self-efficacy scale: Development and psychometric properties. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 12(6), 5.
• Koçak, Ç. V. & Çolak, S. (2024). The correlation of athlete self-effıcacy and copıng with stress in female handball players. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 231–247.
• Koçak, Ç. V. V. (2019). The relationship between self-efficacy and athlete burnout in elite volleyball players. Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 23(5), 231–238.
• Konter, E. (1998). Sporda psikolojik hazırlığın teori ve pratiği. Bağırgan Yayınevi.
• Kuehner, C. (2017). Why is depression more common among women than among men? The Lancet. Psychiatry, 4(2), 146–158.
• Lazarus, R. S. (2000). How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. Sport Psychologist, 14(3), 229–252.
• Lee, D. & Kang, S. (2024). The mental game of golf: Understanding relationships between self-efficacy, fear of failure, competitive state anxiety, and flow. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 131(4), 1257–1273.
• Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P. & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18(7), 765–794.
• Lochbaum, M., Sisneros, C., Cooper, S. & Terry, P. C. (2023). Pre-Event Self-Efficacy and Sports Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. In Sports (Vol. 11, Issue 11).
• McNulty, J. K. & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. In American Psychologist (Vol. 67, Issue 2, pp. 101–110). American Psychological Association.
• Michalsik, L. B., Aagaard, P. & Madsen, K. (2013). Locomotion characteristics and match-induced impairments in physical performance in male elite team handball players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(07), 590–599.
• Molina García, N., Crespo-Hervás, J. & García Pascual, F. (2018). Predictive variables of happiness in private sports centres.
• Oettingen, G. (1995). Cross-cultural perspectives on self-efficacy. Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies, 149–176.
• Özkan, G. (2019). Examining the relationship between gender perceptions and athlete self-efficacy perceptions of university student female football players. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Patel, D. R., Omar, H. & Terry, M. (2010). Sport-related Performance Anxiety in Young Female Athletes. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23(6), 325–335.
• Posner, S. E. & Eiler, T. W. (2013). The Development of Coaching Guidelines for Instilling Passion in Sport. Journal of Coaching Education, 6(1), 96–104.
• Rathschlag, M. & Memmert, D. (2015). Self-Generated Emotions and Their Influence on Sprint Performance: An Investigation of Happiness and Anxiety. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 27(2), 186–199.
• Ritter, J. M., Boone, W. J. & Rubba, P. A. (2001). Development of an instrument to assess prospective elementary teacher self-efficacy beliefs about equitable science teaching and learning (SEBEST). Journal of Science Teacher Education, 12(3), 175–198.
• Rogatko, T. P. (2009). The influence of flow on positive affect in college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(2), 133–148.
• Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. In American Psychologist (Vol. 55, Issue 1, pp. 68–78). American Psychological Association.
• Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M. & Allik, J. (2008). Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 94, Issue 1, pp. 168–182). American Psychological Association.
• Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Gelişim öğrenme ve öğretim kuramdan uygulamaya. Gönül yayıncılık.
• Swann, C., Keegan, R. J., Piggott, D. & Crust, L. (2012). A systematic review of the experience, occurrence, and controllability of flow states in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 807–819.
• Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D. & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 2–30.
• Taş, M. A. & Tortumlu, M. (2021). The mediation role of persistence on the effect of patient tendency on career anxiety. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 1–17.
• Toklu, O. (2010). Determining the relationship between leadership characteristics and self-efficacy in tennis coaches. Selcuk University Health Sciences Institute.
• Turk, F. & Akşab, G. (2022). A review on counseling self-efficacy perceptions of psychological counselors. Okul Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 5(1), 1–40.
• Urfa, O. & Aşçı, F. H. (2019). Spor duygu ölçeği:geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(4), 42–55.
• Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., Gagné, M. & Marsolais, J. (2003). Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 85, Issue 4, pp. 756–767). American Psychological Association.
• Vancouver, J. B., Thompson, C. M., Tischner, E. C. & Putka, D. J. (2002). Two studies examining the negative effect of self-efficacy on performance. In Journal of Applied Psychology (Vol. 87, Issue 3, pp. 506–516). American Psychological Association.
• Wittchen, H.-U. & Jacobi, F. (2005). Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(4), 357–376.
• Woodman, T. im, & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443–457.
• Wright, B. J., O’Halloran, P. D. & Stukas, A. A. (2016). Enhancing self-efficacy and performance: An experimental comparison of psychological techniques. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 87(1), 36–46.
• Yanar, Ş., Kırandı, Ö. & Çimen, K. (2017). Tenisçilerde başarı motivasyonu ile optimal performans duygu durumu ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 1(1), 69–75.
• Yarayan, Y. E. & İlhan, E. L. (2018). The sport mental training questionnaire (SMTQ) adaptation study. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 205–218.
• Zhen, R., Liu, R.-D., Ding, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y. & Xu, L. (2017). The mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and academic emotions in the relation between basic psychological needs satisfaction and learning engagement among Chinese adolescent students. Learning and Individual Differences, 54, 210–216.