Araştırma Makalesi
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Genç İşsizliği ve Mücadele Yöntemleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 20, 135 - 157, 23.06.2020

Öz

Günümüzde işsizlik hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin gündeminde olan sorunlardan
biridir. Ancak özellikle son yıllarda genç işsizliği oranlarındaki artış dikkate değerdir. Literatürde genç
işsizliği, 15-24 yaş arası gençlerin işsizliğini ifade eder şekilde kullanılmaktadır. OECD 2019 1. çeyrek
verilerine göre; genç işsizliği oranının en yüksek olduğu ülkeler arasında %39,8 ile Yunanistan, %34,1
ile İspanya, %31,9 ile İtalya, %20,1 oranı ile Fransa ve %24,8 ile Türkiye yer almaktadır. Diğer yandan
2019 yılı Nisan ayı 15 yaş ve üzerine ilişkin Türkiye işgücü piyasası verilerine göre; Türkiye’de 15-64
yaş aralığındaki çalışabilecek nüfus fazla olmasına rağmen, işgücüne katılma oranının ve istihdam
oranının halen genç nüfusa sahip nitelikte bir ülke olan Türkiye için yetersiz olduğu söylenebilir.
Bu doğrultuda çalışmada işsizliğin Türkiye’de ve bazı OECD ülkelerindeki gelişimine, işsizlikle
mücadelede aktif ve pasif istihdam politikalarının ve maliye politikalarının gelişimine, AB İstihdam
Stratejisine, Türk Ulusal istihdam stratejisine ve genç işsizliği ile ilgili çeşitli çözüm önerilerine
değinilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) 2017. Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi 2014 – 2023, [http://www.uis.gov.tr/media/1437/uis2014-2023.pdf]. Ekim, (Erişim 05.06.2019). Duruel M. (2007). Avrupa Birliğinde Uzun Dönemli İşsizliğe Karşı Uygulanan İstihdam Politikaları, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0(53), 375-421.
  • European Comission (EC) (2019d). Joint Employment Report 2019, [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?advSearchKey=joint+employment+report&mode=advancedSubmit&catId=22&policyArea=0&policyAreaSub=0&country=0&year=0]. 15 March 2019, 1-116.
  • European Comission (EC) (2019). Joint Employment Report 2018, 15 March 2018, [https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=18624&langId=en]. 1-88, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Comission (EC) (2019). The Youth Guarantee, [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1079&langId=en, 2019c, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Commission(EC) (2019b). The European Employment Strategy Working to Improve Employment in Europe”, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=6416&langId=en]. 1-8.
  • European Comission (EC) (2019). The Effects of The Crisis on Youth Unemployment, [http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Youth_unemployment]. August, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Comission (EC) (2019a). Youth Employment, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1036&langId=en]. (Erişim 05.06.2019). European Commission (EC) (2016). Long-term Unemployment, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1205&langId=en]. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Commission (2012). Employment Package, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1039&langId=en], April. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • EUROSTAT (2017). Smarter, Greener, More Inclusive, Indicators To Support The Europe 2020 Strategy, July, [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/8113874/KS-EZ-17-001-EN-N.pdf/c810af1c-0980-4a3b-bfdd-f6aa4d8a004e],1-196. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • EUROSTAT (2019). Youth Unemployment, [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Youth_unemployment#Definition_of_unemployment_and_youth_unemployment_indicators]. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • ILOSTAT (2019). Share of Youth Not in Employment, Education or Training. [https://www.ilo.org/ilostat/faces/oracle/webcenter/portalapp/pagehierarchy/Page32], (Erişim 05.06.2019). International Labour Organization (ILO) , “Youth Employment”, [http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/youth-employment/lang--en/index.htm],(Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2016). World Employment and Social Outlook 2016: Trends for Youth , [https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_513739.pdf].
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2019a). Youth Unemployment, [https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_422439.pdf], 1-5, 05.06.2019a.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2017). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2017”, [http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_598669.pdf]. 1-113. (Erişim 05.06.2019). International Labour Organization (ILO) (2019b). World Employment and Social Outlook Trends 2019,[https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_670542.pdf]. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • OECD (2017). Harmonised Unemployment Rates News Release, July [https://www.oecd.org/sdd/labour-stats/OECD-HUR-09-17.pdf]. September, 1-5.
  • OECD (2019a). “Employment Outlook 2019”, The Future of Work, [https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9ee00155-en/1/1/5/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/9ee00155-en&_csp_=b4640e1ebac05eb1ce93dde646204a88&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book].
  • OECD (2019). Harmonised Unemployment Rates News Release (2019). [https://www.oecd.org/sdd/labour-stats/harmonised-unemployment-rates-oecd-06-2019.pdf, June, 1-5.
  • OECD Statistics (2019). Public expenditure and participant stocks on LMP, [https://stats2.digitalresources.jisc.ac.uk/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LMPEXP2#] . (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • OECD (2013). The OECD Action Plan For Youth, [https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/Youth-Action-Plan.pdf]. June, 1-2, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Ona, G. ve Rakauskienė, M. R. (2014). Youth Unemployment and Emigration Trends, [https://www3.mruni.eu/ojs/intellectual-economics/article/view/2308/2112]. Intelektinė Ekonomika, 8(1), 165-177.
  • Sachs, A. ve Smonly, W. (2014). Youth Unemployment in the OECD:the Role of Institutions, Centre for European Economic Research, Discussion paper no.14-080, November, [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2518367]. 1-23. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Sanal E. (2013). Aktif İstihdam Politikaları, [http://dosya.toprakisveren.org.tr/makale/2013-99-enginsanal.pdf]. 4-5, (Erişim 05.06.2019). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2016). 15-34 Yaş Grubu, En Az Bir Okul Bitiren ve İstihdamda Olanların Eğitim Durumuna Göre Aldığı Eğitimin İşe Katkısı, [http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007].Nisan-Haziran, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2019). İşgücü İstatistikleri, [http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30684], Temmuz, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • United Nations (UN) (2003). World Youth Report Chapter 2, Youth Employment, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/ch02.pdf], United Nations, 54-71, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Varçın R. (2004). İstihdam ve İşgücü Piyasası Politikaları, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi,

Youth Unemployment and Resolution Methods

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 20, 135 - 157, 23.06.2020

Öz

Unemployment continues to pose a major problem for both developed and developing countries.
However, the increase in youth unemployment in recent years is particularly noteworthy. In the
literature, youth unemployment corresponds to unemployment of young people between the ages
of 15 and 24. According to OECD data for the 1st quarter of 2019, countries with the highest rates
of youth unemployment in 2019 are Greece at 39.8%, Spain at 34.1%, Italy at 31.9%, France at
20.1%, and Turkey at 24.8%. According to April 2019 labor market data on individuals aged 15
or older, labor force participation and employment rates remain inadequate despite Turkey’s being
the youngest country in Europe and having a rather large working age (15-64). Accordingly, this
study addresses the evolution of youth unemployment in Turkey and several OECD countries, the
development of active and passive employment policies and of fiscal policies in seeking solutions
to unemployment the European employment strategy (ESS), the National Employment Strategy of
Turkey, and various solution proposals for youth unemployment

Kaynakça

  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) 2017. Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi 2014 – 2023, [http://www.uis.gov.tr/media/1437/uis2014-2023.pdf]. Ekim, (Erişim 05.06.2019). Duruel M. (2007). Avrupa Birliğinde Uzun Dönemli İşsizliğe Karşı Uygulanan İstihdam Politikaları, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0(53), 375-421.
  • European Comission (EC) (2019d). Joint Employment Report 2019, [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?advSearchKey=joint+employment+report&mode=advancedSubmit&catId=22&policyArea=0&policyAreaSub=0&country=0&year=0]. 15 March 2019, 1-116.
  • European Comission (EC) (2019). Joint Employment Report 2018, 15 March 2018, [https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=18624&langId=en]. 1-88, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Comission (EC) (2019). The Youth Guarantee, [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1079&langId=en, 2019c, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Commission(EC) (2019b). The European Employment Strategy Working to Improve Employment in Europe”, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=6416&langId=en]. 1-8.
  • European Comission (EC) (2019). The Effects of The Crisis on Youth Unemployment, [http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Youth_unemployment]. August, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Comission (EC) (2019a). Youth Employment, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1036&langId=en]. (Erişim 05.06.2019). European Commission (EC) (2016). Long-term Unemployment, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1205&langId=en]. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • European Commission (2012). Employment Package, [http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1039&langId=en], April. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • EUROSTAT (2017). Smarter, Greener, More Inclusive, Indicators To Support The Europe 2020 Strategy, July, [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/8113874/KS-EZ-17-001-EN-N.pdf/c810af1c-0980-4a3b-bfdd-f6aa4d8a004e],1-196. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • EUROSTAT (2019). Youth Unemployment, [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Youth_unemployment#Definition_of_unemployment_and_youth_unemployment_indicators]. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • ILOSTAT (2019). Share of Youth Not in Employment, Education or Training. [https://www.ilo.org/ilostat/faces/oracle/webcenter/portalapp/pagehierarchy/Page32], (Erişim 05.06.2019). International Labour Organization (ILO) , “Youth Employment”, [http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/youth-employment/lang--en/index.htm],(Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2016). World Employment and Social Outlook 2016: Trends for Youth , [https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_513739.pdf].
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2019a). Youth Unemployment, [https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_422439.pdf], 1-5, 05.06.2019a.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2017). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2017”, [http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_598669.pdf]. 1-113. (Erişim 05.06.2019). International Labour Organization (ILO) (2019b). World Employment and Social Outlook Trends 2019,[https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_670542.pdf]. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • OECD (2017). Harmonised Unemployment Rates News Release, July [https://www.oecd.org/sdd/labour-stats/OECD-HUR-09-17.pdf]. September, 1-5.
  • OECD (2019a). “Employment Outlook 2019”, The Future of Work, [https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9ee00155-en/1/1/5/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/9ee00155-en&_csp_=b4640e1ebac05eb1ce93dde646204a88&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book].
  • OECD (2019). Harmonised Unemployment Rates News Release (2019). [https://www.oecd.org/sdd/labour-stats/harmonised-unemployment-rates-oecd-06-2019.pdf, June, 1-5.
  • OECD Statistics (2019). Public expenditure and participant stocks on LMP, [https://stats2.digitalresources.jisc.ac.uk/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LMPEXP2#] . (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • OECD (2013). The OECD Action Plan For Youth, [https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/Youth-Action-Plan.pdf]. June, 1-2, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Ona, G. ve Rakauskienė, M. R. (2014). Youth Unemployment and Emigration Trends, [https://www3.mruni.eu/ojs/intellectual-economics/article/view/2308/2112]. Intelektinė Ekonomika, 8(1), 165-177.
  • Sachs, A. ve Smonly, W. (2014). Youth Unemployment in the OECD:the Role of Institutions, Centre for European Economic Research, Discussion paper no.14-080, November, [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2518367]. 1-23. (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Sanal E. (2013). Aktif İstihdam Politikaları, [http://dosya.toprakisveren.org.tr/makale/2013-99-enginsanal.pdf]. 4-5, (Erişim 05.06.2019). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2016). 15-34 Yaş Grubu, En Az Bir Okul Bitiren ve İstihdamda Olanların Eğitim Durumuna Göre Aldığı Eğitimin İşe Katkısı, [http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007].Nisan-Haziran, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2019). İşgücü İstatistikleri, [http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30684], Temmuz, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • United Nations (UN) (2003). World Youth Report Chapter 2, Youth Employment, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/ch02.pdf], United Nations, 54-71, (Erişim 05.06.2019).
  • Varçın R. (2004). İstihdam ve İşgücü Piyasası Politikaları, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi,
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İşıl Fulya Orkunoğlu Şahin

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 20

Kaynak Göster

APA Orkunoğlu Şahin, İ. F. (2020). Genç İşsizliği ve Mücadele Yöntemleri. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(20), 135-157.

ÖNEMLİ NOT: DERGİMİZ ÖZEL SAYILAR HARİCİNDE HER YILIN NİSAN, AĞUSTOS VE ARALIK AYLARINDA OLMAK ÜZERE YILDA ÜÇ DEFA YAYIMLANMAKTADIR. ADAY ÇALIŞMALAR SAYIYA ÖZEL GÖNDERİLMEMEKTEDİR. DERGİMİZE GÖNDERİLEN MAKALELER DEĞERLENDİRME SÜRECİNİN TAMAMLANMASINI TAKİBEN UYGUN OLAN İLK SAYIDA YAYIMLANMAKTADIR.